JOURNAL OF LESAN MOBEEN
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:36 |Papers Count:6

While reviewing the narrative structure, Gerard Genette introduces it as a discourse in the field of narrative science. In this discourse, factors such as time, mood, and voice play essential roles in explaining the relationship between narration and story. Distance as a function of the mood reveals the proportion of showing to telling. Moreover, it represents the distance between the two levels of story and narrative since the story informs the events while the narrative evokes the readers’ impression that they are shown the events. Ahmad Saadawi's novel called Frankenstein in Baghdad tries to reduce the distance between narrative and story through the form of narration and speech. This study, by using a descriptive-analytic method, examines and analyzes factors which affect the distance between narration and story. Through utilizing various Descriptions and representation and free direct and indirect speech, the novel can reduce the distance between narration and story which in its own place it prevents the audience from being passive while reading the text. The novel of Frankenstein in Baghdad which is one of the prominent novels of the Arab world through using the inner speech of the characters, which is transposed speech, free indirect style, and the vertical movement in the novel tries to deepen the characters and the process of the novel. Furthermore, these factors affect the distance between narration and story.

The preposition of "Elaa" is considered as the most used preposition of the Quran. This preposition, in accordance with its application in Quranic verses, encodes many different meanings which at one point come to gather in that that point is the end of the preamble. That said, the semantic domains of the preposition "Elaa" are examined based on the Tiels and Evans model in this descriptive-analytical method study. After explaining the meaning of the preamble, the semantic aspects of this statement in the Quran have been analyzed. Several semantic models such as: meanings, rows of meanings, mutual meanings, coextensive concepts, syntactic semantic model, and semantic inclusion were introduced. In so doing, the semantics is achieved in most semantic networks through relying on the cognitive realities that come from the spatial sense of the preposition of "Elaa". More Semantic variations have been gained from the use of this word in Quranic verses.

This research uses a descriptive-analytic method to study the interaction and correlation of the time element in the form of coding layers with other tag systems in Al-Moharraj play by Mohammad Al-Maghout. The purpose of this research, then, was to discover the most important signs of time and how they are represented, as well as to examine the function of other levels of the dealer in explaining and promoting these types of symptoms. The findings of the research showed that in the play of Al-Moharraj, time, as a social subculture, plays a very important role in identifying the intangible talents of the text, the secondary concepts and the ideology governing it, and it has a close and meaningful relationship with the other layers of the dealers. On the other hand, a vast network of textual levels such as location, characterization, conflict, and action implicitly and implicitly implies the concept of time. Moreover, regarding space, there is a kind of non-linear and discrete time that, as a result of turmoil in the world today, the contradiction and rule-offactness of social-cultural norms has arisen.

Analyzing a novel is one of the ways enabling the readers to understand the content of a story in a full way. Generally, in each analysis, principles and frameworks are presented that relate to the mind and sense of the speaker. Hence, the current study was an attempt to identify the five pieces at different intervals from beginning to the end of the story based on what has been presented in John Pack's style. Then, the views of the other critics were examined in the sixth and seventh stages of different aspects of the text, author, reader and the world. Consequently, after selecting the specific parts and analyzing them, they were addressed through John Peck's way, due to understanding the general aspects of the story through the details of the text. Moreover, the specific parts were inductively analyzed, then, the whole story was examined. In this type of analysis, before analyzing the overall of the story, it is important to pay attention to the delicacies and details within the story. Sequentially, correct results are obtained. Another feature of this approach is to pay attention to the contradictions in the selected passages which besides examining of the quadratic dimensions of the text and the opinions of other critics, are the final complement to criticism and analysis.

Reviewing the character structure is one of the modern theories of literary criticism which was establishing by Freud. He divided the mental processes of each person in the growth stages into three parts: Nature, self, and superego. Given that, critics find a new look at the art and literary works, and study these levels in literary personality. The present study examined and expressed conflicts and tensions between the three structures and its manifestation in the novel main characters. Raghse Aljadile va Alnahr is a novel of realism combined with fantasy which was written by Wafa Abdel, the Iraqi poet and novelist. In the current study, the researchers were trying to use the analytical descriptive approach and they focused on the psychoanalysis of the main character through Freud theory of personality. The results of the research showed that "self" has always been in anxiety due to conflicts between nature, and superego and the outside world which can be understood from monologues and dialogues between her and others. This has led her to take advantage of some mechanisms, such as fantasy and rationalization.

Assessing different discourse levels provides new perception and shows the interaction between language and ideological structures. Since discourses causing ideology hegemony are considered as the determining factors in reproducing national identity, national anthem of each company is assumed to have an important role in recognizing it. Van Dijk, who considers ideology as a basis for common social representation, has provided a model for critical discourse analysis that can be a proper framework for investigating identity reproduction in each country’ s national anthem. The present study aimed to discover discourse strategies of Arabic countries’ national anthems, located at Levant area (Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon), which leads to presenting national identity in language. Therefore, a descriptive-analysis method and Van Dijk’ s model were used to collect and analyze the discourses. The results indicated that foregrounding positives points and backgrounding negative points form 78% of the mentioned anthems discourse system. Furthermore, meaning and propositional structures are the most prominent levels of discourse in the anthems.