Journal of Modern Rehabilitation
Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:10

Background and Aim: Reliability or unreliability of the results achieved from recording of surface electromyography of muscles has always been questioned. The aim of present study was to measure the reliability of the delayed reaction time of muscle electromyography of the knee joints on the exposure of unexpected rotary turbulence in the transverse plane from the area of supporting surface.Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy women from 19 to 30 years old and free from any clear deformities in the lower extremities were participated in the present study. Surface electromyography of the six knee musculature was carried out for every subject separately in 4 situations including: External Rotation (Ext Rot) from plantar area on the transverse plane with bent and straight knee, Internal Rotation (Int. Rot) with the same conditions, Single Leg Stance situation in 4 stages, and repeatability of Intra Session through intra-class correlation coefficients when the muscles are in action on the exposure of turbulence in four applied forms were analyzed.Result: The results from 24 analyzed forms showed that 18 forms of muscles at the time of action had moderate to high repeatability (Monroe Classification) Conclusion: Regarding reliability, the muscles indicated different amounts in onset latency time, on the exposure of rotary turbulence, according to joint angle and the direction of applying rotation on the transverse plane. In respect to direction of rotation, most of the muscles indicated more reliability on the exposure of external rotation turbulence (clockwise) in relation to internal rotation (anticlockwise) and also regarding the joint angle in turbulences with straight knee in relation to turbulences with bent knee.

Background and Aim: The main cause of Myofascial pain syndrome is trigger point. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle energy technique (MET) with dry needling (DN) on latent trigger point of upper trapezius.Materials and Methods: Fourty females, with diagnosis of latent trigger point of upper trapezius after adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were equally and randomly allocated into either the muscle energy technique or dry needling groups. Each patient received one treatment to the upper trapezius muscle. Outcome measures (visual analogue scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and range of active contra lateralflexion (CLF) measured before and 48 hours after treatment.Results: Two techniques which used in this study were effective for treating latent trigger point of upper trapezius (P<0.001) but no significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the above variables (p>0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrated that muscle energy technique was as effective as dry needling in improvement of VAS, PPT and ROM in subjects with latent trigger point of upper trapezius muscle. But since muscle energy technique is safe and non-invasive method, therefore, if you want to select one of these two techniques, muscle energy technique is recommended.

Background and Aim: Proprioception is a component of somatosensory system. One of the most important somatosensory receptors is muscle spindles. Neck area with high density of muscle spindle, plays a significant role in providing this sense. With repeated contact sports, with high trauma on head and neck region, it is likely that proprioception will be impaired. The present study was conducted to compare proprioception between wrestlers, taekwondo players and non-athlete subjects to determine the effect of trauma on proprioception of craniocervical region.Material and Methods: This study was a case-control study of 75 male with the age range of 18-30 years (Including: 25 professional wrestlers, 25 professional taekwondo players and 25 non-athlete subjects). Participants were selected through simple non-probability sampling. To assess proprioception of craniocervical region, angular repositioning of two positions (neutral and 50% of range of motion) was evaluated by using the cervical range of motion device (CROM device). The statistical method which used in this study was one way ANOVA.Results: Accuracy of target repositioning (50% of range of motion) of extension, right and left rotation were significantly different between three groups (p<0.05). Returning to neutral position from mentioned movement was associated with a significant error (p<0.05).Conclusion: It is assumed that proprioception of craniocervical region has been affected by trauma in wrestlers and taekwondo players, so that the accuracy of head repositioning for both neutral and target positions were reduced in wrestlers. However, taekwondo players had more errors in repositioning of target angle.

Background and Aim: Shoulder injury is one of the most common injuries in overhead sports.Impingement syndrome is most frequent cause of these injures. Scapular has important biomechanical role in normal shoulder function.Muscle imbalance changes normal scapular arthrokinematic and as a result the risk of injury is high. One of the treatment methods which is used in athletes with impingement syndrome is kinesio taping. Goals of this study was to investigate the effects of kinesio taping of trapezius muscles on pain, functional movements of shouhder joint and lateral scapular slide in athletes with impingement syndrome.Materials and Methods: Fifteen athletes with a mean age of 30.53±3.56 with impingement syndrome participated in this study. Pain with visual analog scale, functional movements and lateral scapular slide test in 3 positions was assessed. Then kinesio taping was used for trapezius muscles.Repeated evaluation was performed in 3 different periods of: 20 minutes, 72 hours, 6 days after first session.Results: Mean of pain was reduced in 72 hours and 6 days after kinesio taping (p=0.003). Ext.rot+ abd movement after kinesio taping was improved and the most improvement was 6 days after kinesio taping (p=0.004). Int.rot+add movement after kinesio taping was improved and the most improvement was 6 days after kinesio taping (p=0.001). Lateral scapular slide test in first position and second position improved significantly. In third position test did not change significantly after kinesiotaping.Conclusion: Kinesio taping of trapezius muscles in athletes with impingement syndrome has effects on pain reduction, improvement of functional movement of shoulder and improvement of scapular kinematic. Therefore kinesio taping can be used as a treatment in athletes with impingement syndrome.

Background and Aim: Forward head deformity is one of the most common undesirable situation abnormalities associated with weakness of cervical stabilizer muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-weeks strength training, stretch training and comprehensive training in patients with forward head posture.Materials and Methods: Forty females students with excessive angle (FH>46 degrees) were chosen as samples using purposive sampling method. Anthropometric data were as below: age 22.22 ± 1.77 years, weight 61.22±1.90 kg, height 161.85±2.55 cm and body mass index of the samples 23.37±0.9 kg/m2. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups of 10 experimental and control groups.The first experimental group performed strength training, second group stretch training and third group comprehensive training for 6 weeks. In this period, the control group did not receive any training. In this study photogrammetric method technique was used to measure the angle of the forward head. Head angle changes of the subjects before and after 6 weeks were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. (p≤0.05).Results: According to the study, a significant decrease in the angle of forward head in three types of exercises (strength, tensile strength, comprehensive) was found after 6 weeks (p=0.001). However, a significant decrease in the angle of forward head was not found in the control group.Conclusion: The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the angle of forward head in the experimental group. Therefore, using of this program is recommended in subjects with this deformity.

Background and Aim: A Concrete and Abstract Word Synonym Test is a test which assessed semantic system in patients with acquired language disorder specifically semantic impairment. The aim of this study is to design a valid and reliable test for assessment of comprehension of concrete and abstract words in different types of aphasia.Materials and Methods: The type of study is test construction and was computed as cross-sectional.First, a collection of words based on frequency were chosen in order to construct the test. These words were given to 15 experts (10 speech and language pathologists and 5 linguists) in 3 stages, in order to rate words with 0-100 scale. Then words, which had higher average than 90 score were chosen. After determining face and content validity, the test was performed on subjects. Subjects included 20 aphasic patients (12 men and 8 women) and 50 normal people (28 men and 22 women) ranging in age from 20 to 65 years. After 5 to 7 days, to determine reliability of test, test was performed on subjects again. Results of this study were analyzed by SPSS 16.Results: Results showed that this test has a higher validity than %90. Coronbach alpha for internal consistency was 0.500. For investigation of test-retest reliability, mean difference of test scores in 2 stages of administration was significance (p<0.038). Pearson correlation coefficient between mean scores of patients in 2stages were 0.857 and ICC range was 0.857-0.923 that was significant (p<0.001). The cut of point of test was also 46. Comparison of mean scores of concrete and abstract word synonym test in patients and normal people and also in patient with temporal lesion and nontemporal lesion showed significant difference (p<0.001).Conclusion: A Concrete and Abstract Word Synonym Test is a proper tool for assessing semantic system in aphasic patients and it can indicate semantic impairment in these patients.

Background and Aim: Different aspects of the motor control parameters of dominant and non-dominant legs are investigated but the effect of dominancy on motor control strategy is still unclear. The aim of the present study is to compare the pre- motor time, motor time and reaction time in dominant and non- dominant leg muscles of the non- professional healthy athletes in response to visual stimulus during forward jumping.Methods and Materials: Eleven non- professional healthy athletes participated in this cross-sectional study determined by convenience non probability sampling. Surface electromyography were performed in the dominant and non-dominant leg muscles including gastrosoleous, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, and tibialis anterior in response to visual stimulus during forward jumping.Results: There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the dominant and no-dominant legs with respect to the pre-motor time, motor time and reaction time of the gastrosoleus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and tibialis anterior.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that limb dominancy is not an important parameter in the motor control studies.

Background and Aim: Osteoarthrosis is a common condition in the cervical region due to the high mobility of this region. Despite the clinical popularity of traction that is often prescribed for patients with neck pain, there is no agreement on the effectiveness of traction. Due to the high controversy and the lack of experimental documents in the efficiency of the pneumatic traction device in reducing symptoms of neck pain, present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the pneumatic traction device in reducing pain and amount of drug use, and improving disability level in patients with neck osteoarthrosis compared to the control group.Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients with neck pain aroused by osteoarthrosis were randomly assigned into two groups of control or experimental. The control group received hot pack, TENS, US, exercise therapy and ergonomic training as their usual physical therapy care. Patients in the experimental group also benefited from the sustained traction via the pneumatic traction device too. All participants were treated for 10 sessions. Pain (NPRS), the level of disability (NDI), the number of sedative drugs and NSAIDs were evaluated in the beginning of the first session and at the end of the last session.Results: A significant decrease in the levels of the pain and disability in both groups were found (P<0.05). The decrease of pain and disability in the experimental group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group. There was no significant difference in terms of the sedatives and NSAIDs within and between the groups at the end of the last session (P>0.05).Conclusion: Although physical therapy and ergonomic trainings may lead to a significant improvement in neck pain and related disability in the osteoarthrosis patients, the use of pneumatic traction device can increase the rate of improvement.

Background and Aim: In recent years, introducing the quantitative methods for diagnosing the joints injuries and its level of severity, surveying the recovery progress and effectiveness of rehabilitation methods are important for clinical practice. Using the inertial sensors is one of the custom methods for quantifying joints motion. The purpose of this study is to quantify injuries in ankle joint.Materials and Methods: By setting the Sharif-HMIS inertial sensors on the leg and ankle of patients and control subjects, the motion of their ankle was evaluated and the amount of velocity and acceleration in 8 distinct motions were measured.Results: Using the gathered data from the sensors in different motions and by implementing the assumed criterions, several parameters are calculated that can give a rather precise and quantitative distinction between injured people and control subjects. The results showed that RAV, M and P scores indicate the differences between patients and control subjects clearly, although their performance as a parameter for qualifying the level of ankle injuries is not good.Conclusion: Motion analysis of ankle and comparing the results of patients and control subjects showed that the assumed criterions are valid and can be used for diagnosing the ankle injury. Also, this method is utilized to measure the ankle motion of both elderly and young groups and the results showed that this method is suitable for indicating the ankle motion differences between two groups.

Background and Aim: Several studies have investigated the effects of angular velocity on mechanical and physiological variables such as joint net torque, muscle force and myoelectrical activity, but so far its effects on the control of the pattern of synergist muscle activation during isokinetic movements have not been studied. In this experiment, a computational method of identifying and analyzing muscle synergies were used which is based on the framework of the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis to determine the variability of muscle synergies following movement velocity alteration.Materials and Methods: Twelve healthy females without any known neurological or motor disorders participated in the experiment. The participants were positioned on a Biodex dynamometer. They were asked to perform ten continuous knee extension and flexion motions with maximal strength at 45°/s or 300°/s.Electromyographic activity of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) were recorded and variance within the UCM (VUCM) and orthogonal to the UCM (VORT) with respect to an appropriate Jacobian matrix was computed. An independent t-test was used to compare VUCM between two velocities.Results: Across subjects, VUCM was significantly higher than VORT (VUCM>VORT) in both tasks. There was no significant difference in VUCM between two velocities (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that angular velocity is not an important parameter when a controller of a multi-element system wants to stabilize a particular value of a performance variable.