JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:1 (44) |Papers Count:10

Inroduction & Objective: During the semen storage, oxidative damages by oxidation are the major causes of decrease in sperm quality. The aim of this study was toevaluate the effect of different levels of cysteine supplemented into the diluent on semen characteristics of Arabi ram in liquid condition under 5. Materials and Methods: Semen sampleswere collected weekly from 10 Arabi rams for 8 weeks and mixed. After dilution, samples were divided into 5 parts and received the levels of cysteine (5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol). During the storage (1, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h), semen quality parameters were evaluated. Results: In all times of semen storage, sperm membrane integrity rate in cysteine treatments was improved(P<0. 05). 24 and 36 h after semen storage, spermatozoa viability in 5, 10 and 15 mmol of cysteine was increased (P<0. 05). In 36 h and 48 h, 5 and 10 mmol of cysteine reduced the spermatozoa defect rate(P<0. 05). In 48 h of storage, progressive motility and viability rates of spermatozoa in 5-15 mmol of cysteine increased(P<0. 05). The highest total antioxidant capacity of semenal plasma for times 1 and 24 h of semen storage was observed in 15 and 20 mmol of cysteine (P<0. 05). Conclusion: In conclusion, with increasing the storage period of Arabi ram semen, the lower levels of cysteine (lower than 15mM), improved the most of spermatozoaqualitycharacteristics. But, the total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma was increased in higher levels of cysteine (15 and 20 mmol).

Inroduction & Objective: Angiogenesis has a role in many vital processes also many developmental processes are influenced by an electromagnetic field. On the other hand bromelain plant protease can inhibit cell proliferation. In the present study, the synergic effect of bromelain (plantprotease) and low-frequency electromagnetic field on angiogenesis on a Wistar rat aortic ring was investigated. Material and Method: In this experimental study, Wistar rat aorta was divided into pieces 1 mm and cultured in collagen matrices. After observation of the first sprouting of angiogenesis samples were classified into 8 groups: Control group, the first sham-exposed group (treated with PBS), the second sham exposed group (treated with electromagnetic field off), the third sham-exposed group (treated with PBS and electromagnetic field off), the experimental groups1 and 2 (treated with 100 and 200 μ g/ml bromelain), the experimental groups 3(treated with low frequency electromagnetic field (100 G) for 2 h and experimental group 4 treated with synergic effect of bromelain (100 μ g/ml) and low frequency electromagnetic field (100 G) for 2 h. Angiogenesis was investigated and photographed by invert microscope immediately and also 24 hours after the treatment. Numbers and lengths of vessels weremeasured by Image J software. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and ANOVA & TUKEY in significant level (p<0. 05). Results: The average number and length of vessels decreased in treated groupswith bromelain and electromagnetic fields. Synergic use of bromelain and electromagneticfields reduced the average number and the length of vessels than using each onealone. Conclusion: Results showed that bromelain has dose dependent inhibitory effects on angiogenesis. This inhibitory effect was increased by the electromagnetic field, suggesting a synergistic effect between them.

Inroduction & Objective: Mucos and its compounds as the first line to defense against pathogens is one of the important part of the immune system in fish. This study was investigated the effect of singular or combined administration of Pediococcusacidilactici and Raffinosonmucosal immune parameters and intestinal histomorphology of gold fish (Carassiusa uratus). Material and Methods: 180 gold fish, with average weight of 26. 3± 0. 18 after two weeks of adaptation to laboratory condition In 4 treatments and each treatment with 3 replicates including: commercial diet (control group), commercial diet supplemented with0. 9 g kg-1P. acidilactici, 10 g kg-1Raffinosor simultaneously supplemented with 0. 9 g kg-1P. acidilacticiand 10 g kg-1Raffinos accidentally divided. The trial lasted 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the lysozyme enzyme was measured by turbidation method using spectrophotometer and total immunoglobulin by measuring serum protein before and after adding polyethylene glycol to the sample and the amount of alkaline phosphatase enzyme using the kits produced by Pars Co. and using spectrophotometer, it was calculated. Histomorphologic tests of the intestine were done by classical histology and staining of hematoxylin-eosin. Results: The results showed no significant difference in height and diameter of vili (P <0. 05). The highest activity of mucosal lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level, soluble protein and alkaline phosphatase were observed in synbiotic treatment, however, this difference was not significant in different treatments (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the commercial diet supplemented with 0. 9×107 CFU/gP. acidilactici and 10 g/kg Raffinosimprovesmucusal immune para meter sand intestinal histo morphology of golden fish.

Inroduction & Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofaqueous extract of Rhus Coriaria on anxiety levels in mice. Due to the high properties mentioned for the Rhus Coriaria this plant was used and the OFT and Elevated plus-maze tests proved the pain and anxiety of the plant. Material and Methods: Rhus Coriariaclusters were purchased from two cultivated areas in Iran; West (Gardens of Tabriz) and East (Gardens of Khorasan Razavi). For administration of different concentrations of Rhus Coriariaextract, 58 male mice were used, which 50 of them were placed in 5 groups of 10 and one group was considered as the control group receiving only water and food. Group 2, 3, and 4 received doses of 50, 100, 200 mg / kg of extract, respectively. Buspiron was injected as the sedative anti-anxiety agent to the last group. Then OFT and Elevated plus-maze tests were performed. Also, the analgesic effect of four doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 mg / kg of extract was analyzed by formalin test at certain intervals after injection. Results: The data showed a statistically significant difference between theRhus coriaria extract in all doses and Buspiron compared to the control group (p <0. 05). Also, the elapsed time in the open arms ininjection with Buspironcompared to control group has shown a significant difference (p <0. 05). On the other hand, doses of 50 and 100 mg / kg of extract showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p <0. 05). While the dose of 200 mg / kg of extract is less effective than other doses. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the mice receiving extract of Rhus Coriariaat doses of 100 and 50 mg / kg had a longer duration than the control group in the open arm. In other words, there were more searches inside the open arm of Elevated plus-maze. This index is related to the anti-anxiety property of Rhus Coriaria. Injection of extract of Rhus Coriaria. has a strong analgesic effect.

Inroduction & Objective: Intensive exercise increase the production of inflammatory markers that can endanger the health and performance of athletes. Also quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Therefore, The present study was conducted to assess the effect of quercetin supplementation on CRP and IL-6, after acute resistance exercise in young men. Material and Methods: This placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 22 young men for 7 days. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive quercetin (1000 mg) or placebo (1000 mg dextrose). Anthropometric measurements and blood biochemical parameters including CRP and IL-6 were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The data were analyzed using variance analysis with repeated measures(2×2) and significant level was set at p ≤ 0. 05. Results: At the end of CRP and IL-6 serum concentrations in the placebo group significantly increased compared to pre-test (p<0. 05). But These changes were not significant in quercetin supplements. The average of These index at the end of the study were statistically different between the two groups(p<0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that quercetin is effective in preventing inflammation after exhaustive resistance exercise in young men.

Inroduction & Objective: Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants that has contained high antioxidant combinations and are useful in curing epilepsy, diarrhea, burn, Hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was evaluation of effect of passiflora caerulea leaf Hydro-alcoholic extract on some biochemical factors in adult male rat. Material and Method: In this experiential study, 40 wistar male rats, about 195-200 g each were used in five groups eight including: control (without received nothing), sham group (received distilled water) and 3 experimental groups receiving 150, 300, 600, mg/kg leaves of passiflora caerulea Hydro-alcohol extract respectively during 21 days. After the end of this period, blood samples were taken from the heart to measure the biochemical factors (urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein). The results were analyzed using SPSS software and comparison of meanings was done using T. test. Results: : The results showed that the amount of albumin in the experimental group receiving 600 mg / kg of the extract decreased significantly compared to the control group. Total protein, cratinin and total body weight had no significant changes with control group. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Passionate flower leaf caused reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels in all experimental groups receiving the extracts as compared to the control. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be argued that the Passionate flower plays a supporting role for the liver, and the lack of liver damage in the rats indicated this issue.

Inroduction & Objective: The global assessment of animals provides amphibians are more threatened and declining more rapidly than either birds or mammals. The presence of alien or exotic species is an important factor in the decline or extinction of amphibian populations, which contribute to the decline of the amphibian population by hunting eggs and larvae. Also, it has been recognized in previous researches that refugia can be an effective way to protect amphibians against invasive species, including Mosquitofish. Materials and Methods: In this study, in order to investigate the effect of refugia on the survival of Bufovariabilis in the presence of Gambusiaaffinis, the independent and interactive effects of two factors of refugia type (including three treatments of absent, simple and complex refugia) and predator density (including three treatments of non-predator, one and three predators) carried out within 10 days. Results: In this study, the highest survival rate was observed in the complexrefugia / non-predator with 96. 66% ± 17. 10, and the lowest survival rate was observed in the absence of refugia / three predators (0%). In general, the results of ANOVA showed both predator density and refugia type had a significant effect on survival, but their interactive effect is not significant. Considering the effect of time, predator density independently showed a significant effect on the survival rate, but this effect is not significant for the type of refugiaand its interactive effect with predator density over time. Conclusion: The number of Green toad in the test environment, with suitable refugia, greatly decreases with increasing predator density.

Inroduction & Objective: Aromatherapy and massage is one of ways using aromatic oils and body massage cause relaxation and reduce pain. This study aimed to compare massage effect with almond and lavender oil on endorphins, pain and delivery-time in primiparous women was conducted. Material and Method: This experimental study, 60 primiparous women hospitalized in MarvdashtMotahari hospital in 3 groups of 20 massaging with almond and lavender oil and control group was performed. The groups treated by Dilatation 10-3 cm massage with almond & lavender oil and break for 20 minutes was done respectively and control group received no treatment. To measure pain, pain visual scale and use of ELISA to measure serum beta-endorphin levelsby using ANOVA and Tukey's results were evaluated. Results: Results showed that pain intensity in massage groups with almond & lavender oil in different Dilatations at P <0. 05 and P≤ 0. 001 than control and lavender group at P <0. 05 than oil group has significant reduction. In delivery-time, significant reduction, and in endorphins level, significant increase, in almond and lavender oil massage group than control P <0. 05 and P≤ 0. 001, and in massage with lavender oil than almond oil delivery-time, significant reduction and in the endorphins levels, significant increase P <0. 05 and P≤ 0. 001 was observed, respectively. Conclussion: Massage with almond and lavender oil by stimulating endorphins caused reducing pain and delivery-time, lavender oil impact will be more than almond oil.