JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2019 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 (45) |Papers Count:10

Inroduction & Objective: The Salicornia sp plant is a halophyte that has been widely consumed as a seasoned vegetable. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of Salicornia sp plant extract on blood biochemical parameters and digestive enzymes of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus for 60 days. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 240 of grey mullet (with average weight of 8. 42± 0. 43g) in 4 treatments and 3 replicates (n=20 in each replicate) and included: control group without using plant extract, an another groups (treatment 2, 3and 4) the amounts of this extract were 50, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg food. Results: The results of experiment showed among the measured factors, cholesterol, triglycerides, amylase and protease showed significant differences between the treatments fed with Salicornia extract and the control group (P < 0. 05). The results of experiment showed that the lowest cholesterol (8. 13± 1. 44 mg/dL) and d the highest level of total protein (6. 8± 0. 33 g/dL), albumin (5. 25± 0. 54 g/dL), amylase (470± 10 U/mg protein) and protease (328. 21± 7. 63 U/mg protein) was observed in the diet containing 1500 mg/kg Slicornia extract and showed a significant difference compared with all treatments (P<0. 05). Conclusion: So use of the diet containing 1500 mg /kg Slicornia extract of had positive effects blood biochemical parameters and digestive enzymes of grey mullet.

Inroduction & Objective: The growth rate and survivability and blood parameters level are as the base of studies in environmental stress in fish body. The goal of this study is to find the effect of different salinity stress on blood parameters in reared shirbot (Arabibarbus grypus) fish for determine the suitable condition of growth and survivability and physiologic tolerance during transforming into the waters with different levels of salinity. Material and Method: For this purpose, 120 pieces of baby fish with total length: 15± 5 cm, mean weight: 30± 5 gr in 300 liter fiberglass tanks, mean temperature: 25. 16± 1. 47Ċ , include four different salinity concentrations: <5 P. P. T, 10 P. P. T, 15 P. P. T with 3 replicant during 30 days were raised. The fish were fed with concentrated food 3% body weight twice a day. The fish biometric for growth assessment at the beginning and at end of the course. After 30 days, growth factors (increase body weight%, special and daily growth rate), survival and then blood parameters (Hb, HCT, RBC, WBC, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Neutrohpil, MCV, MCH& MCHC) were measured. Results: According to the results, salinity increase cause to significant decrease of; increase body weight%, special and daily growth rate and survival (P<0. 05). Also no significantly difference of the blood parameters regarding to effect of salinity stress on fishes seen (P>0. 05), but neutrophil shows significant increase and maximum level of it was in 15 PPT. Conclusion: Based on the results, considering the reduction of growth factors and survival rates with increasing salinity, especially in salinity higher than PPT5, although blood parameters were not affected by the adaptation process, but fresh water seems to be the best treatment and salinity of PPT5 By controlling other environmental conditions, the maximum salinity (critical limit) of water is for the economic development of the young fish.

Inroduction & Objective: Pancreatic Islets are endocrine part of the pancreas responsible for several hormone secretions, which regulates blood glucose and involves in metabolism of energy. Islet β cell responsible for secretion of insulin in response to glucose changes. The first step of this process includes glucose entry into the cell using GluT2 transporter followed by glucose phosphorylation by glucokinase as an intra cellular glucose sensor. Therefore, the aim of this study was the analysis of GluT2 and glucokinase gene expression in pancreatic islets in comparison with whole pancreas tissue. Material and Methods: This study was performed on a pancreatic tissue received from a brain death person. Islets were purified from a total pancreas. To investigate the successful isolation of the islets, the gene expression of Ptf1a, as a marker of the exocrine part of the pancreas, was investigated. Then, gene expression of GluT2 and glucokinase was investigated in both islets and total pancreatic tissue. Results: The lack of expression of the Ptf1a in the pancreatic islets indicates successful separation and high purity of isolated islets. Moreover, GluT2 and glucokinase genes were highly expressed in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that gene expression of GluT2 and glucokinase was significantly higher in pancreatic islets than in complete tissue. Conclusion: The results indicate the high expression and importance of GluT2 and glucokinase genes in the endocrine part of the pancreas as a glucose transporter and sensor, respectively in the process of glucosestimulated insulin-secretion. In addition, the method used in this study is very efficient for purification of islets from pancreatic tissue.

Inroduction & Objective: One of the problems of aquaculture is low access to fish meal, which increases demand and reduction in production rates. A lot of efforts have been made to find suitable alternatives that plant protein sources are among the most important substituents. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of partial replacing fish meal with wheat gluten on growth indices, survival, and carcass composition of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum). Material and Methods: Wheat gluten was replaced at four levels including 0, 10%, 20% and 30% with fishmeal in three replicates. A total number of 240 kutum frys weighing 0. 33± 0. 06g were distributed into twelve 100-L fiberglass tanks with a density of 20 fish per tank. Fish were fed four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, growth indices and carcass composition were measured. Results: Final weight, total length, body weight increase, specific growth rate, average daily growth and protein efficiency ratio in control group were significantly higher than other treatments (P<0. 05). Wheat gluten at the level of 30% and control had the highest and the lowest feed conversion ratio, respectively. The highest survival rate was recorded in 30% wheat gluten that showed significant difference with control (p<0. 05). A significant difference in content of carcass protein was observed between control and fish fed 10% wheat gluten with fish fed 20% wheat gluten (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to obtained findings, wheat gluten at used levels is not optimal for kutum and cannot substitute the fish meal.

Inroduction & Objective: The use of appropriate diets is one of the most important biological components for growth and health fish, and also it effects on fertility, egg production and egg quality. In this research, the effect of different levels of protein and lipid on growth indices and reproduction performance in zebra fish (Danio rerio) was investigated. Material and Methods: 9 diets with 3 protein levels(25, 30 and 35%) and 3 lipid levels (4, 8 and 12%) was conducted to evaluate the protein and lipid ratio for optimum growth and reproduction of zebra fish. 135 fishes were categorized into five groups with an average biomass (± SD) of 1. 23 ± 0. 02 (gr) and with a sex ratio of 2 to 3 (male / female) were randomly distributed into 27 aquaria (20-liter) and fed 3 times daily during 4 months. Results: The results revealed that the interaction between protein and lipid increased the weight, body weight gain, dietary efficiency, fish growth rate and survival (P <0. 05), but feed conversion ratio reduced significantly (P <0. 05). Increasing dietary protein levels increased (P <0. 05) nutritional efficiency, specific growth rate, percentage of body weight gain, weight and survival of the larvae and decreased conversion ratio of food and daily food intake significantly (P <0. 05). Body weight gain, nutritional efficiency, growth rate, weight gain and survival of the larvae was significantly higher (P <0. 05) and feed conversion ratio was lower (P <0. 05) in the fish fed 12% lipid. Conclusion: The diet containing 35% protein with 12% lipid would be suitable for optimum growth and reproduction of zebra fish.

Inroduction & Objective: Staphylococcus aurous causes a wide range of diseases. Staphylococcal infection is the most common bacterial infection in humans. Antimicrobial and healing effect burdock and nasturtium of nettle, extracts with silver sulfadiazine on burn infections of Staphylococcus aurous. Material and Method: In this study, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of nettle, watercress and burdock root were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MBC of the extract were determined by dilution method in the broth. In the study of the animal model, the bacteria were first inoculated with a concentration of (5×106CFU/ML) to the wound site on Syrian mice. After 24 hours, an ointment prepared with MBC concentration was prepared from extracts of the nettle, watercress and burdock root for 1 g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treat burns and infections with Staphylococcus aurous. In the animal model, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of nettle, watercress and burdock root have antimicrobial activity against growth of Staphylococcus aurous. Results: In this study, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of nettle, watercress and burdock root were prepared in the laboratory. Then, the MIC and MBC of the extract were determined by dilution method in the broth. In the study of the animal model, the bacteria were first inoculated with a concentration of (5×106CFU/ML) to the wound site on Syrian mice. After 24 hours, an ointment prepared with MBC concentration was prepared from extracts of the nettle, watercress and burdock root for 1 g of silver sulfadiazine and was used to treat burns and infections with Staphylococcus aurous. In the animal model, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of nettle, watercress and burdock root have antimicrobial activity against growth of Staphylococcus aurous. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the extract of these three plants (nettle, watercress and burdock root) on an animal model has antimicrobial and healing effects on Staphylococcus aurous. It can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent or ointment Bacteria to be raised. In this case, the extract of nettle and burdock root have growth inhibitory and bactericidal activity stronger than watercress extract. And it is hoped that in the future, these plants will be used to treat bacterial infections

Inroduction & Objective: Many fish tolerate natural fasting periods throughout the year, the winter, during reproductive migration, or when they endure a reduction in food in the living environment. In this study effect of long-term starvation periods on liver and intestine structure of Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri, with an initial body weight of 56± 0. 54 g was carried out for 5 weeks. Materials and Methods: After adaptation for 2 weeks to experimental conditions, 225 experimental fish were randomly distributed in nine 500L fiberglass tanks. The fish were exposed to 3 different feeding regimes; Control (fed four times daily); T1 (2 weeks starvation) and T2 (3 weeks starvation). At the end of the experiment, to investigate the changes of liver and intestine structure, 6 fish specimens from each treatment was randomly selected and fixed into Bouin solution for histological examination. Then, the samples were placed in Paraffin and 7 μ m microscopic slides were prepared using standard histological methods and after coloration were investigated under light microscope. Results: Digestivo and hepato somatic indices (DSI and HSI) and length of villi in the control group were significantly higher (P< 0. 05) than the fish starved for 2 and 3 weeks. Length of enterocytes did not show any significant variation among experimental treatments (P> 0. 05). The results of microscopy investigations indicated that most pathological signs such as hyperemia, necrosis, fatty degeneration and bile stagnation in the liver of Siberian sturgeon in the deprived fish were observed when compared to the control fish. However, hyperemia, fatty degeneration and bile stagnation in the deprived fish for 2 weeks were lower than that of the deprived fish for 3 weeks, but not significantly. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that long-term starvation period on liver and intestine structure of Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baeri, can be effective by utilizing reserves of these tissues.

Inroduction & Objective: Breast and colorectal cancers are of the major causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The anticancer properties of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), and the increasing use of graphene oxide (GO) as a drug delivery system with anti-cancerous properties, led us to investigate toxicity and apoptosis-induction capability of 8HQ-coated GO on breast and colorectal cancer cells compared to normal breast cells. Material and Method: The breast cancer (MCF-7), colorectal cancer (SW-742) and normal breast (MCF-10) cell lines were treated with several doses of 8-HQ-coated GO for 12, 24, and 48 hours. The toxicity of nanocomposite was measured using MTT assay and the effect of nanocomposite on cell apoptosis were determined by examining the expression of P53, P21, Bax and Bcl-2 genes, as well as Annexin-V /PI apoptosis assay. Results: There were significantly increased cell death in nanocomposite-treated colorectal and breast cancer cells, especially MCF-7, compared to treated normal breast cells. A significant increased expression of P53, P21 and Bax genes and reduced expression of Bcl-2 gene were found in both treated cancer cell lines compared to the normal breast cell line. Annexin-V/PI assay also illustrated a significant induction of apoptosis in the cancerous cell lines, especially MCF-7, following nanocomposite treatment. Conclussion: Overall, 8HQ-coated GO has toxicity for breast and colorecctal cancer cell lines, and one of the mechanisms through which this nanocomposite can induce cell death is induction of apoptosis. With complementary and in vivo studies, this nanocomposite can be suggested as a nano-drug with anti-cancer properties.