JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2013 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 (23)|Papers Count:11

Introduction & Objective: Barbell sturgeon is belonged to sturgeon species which is suitable for cultivation. Probiotics are useful effects on the health and the growth of host. This study was conducted to determine different levels of one commercial probiotic (pediococcus accidilactici) in the thesis, also the effect of folic acid on immune system (Acipenser nudiventiris) Materials and Methods: 210 fish of this breeding kind with the dentisty of 10 pertub fiber glass in 7 dietary treatments for 8 weeks fedup for third times, respectively, treatment 1 (4mg acid folic in mercury), treatment 2 (probiotics of 300 g of per tone of food), treatment 3 (4mg acid folic, 200g probiotics), treatment 4 (2mg acid folic,300g probiotics), treatment 5 (2 mg acid folic,200g probiotics), treatment 6(4mg acid folic,300g probiotcs). treatment7 (control).Results: The numbers of control leukocyte, in control to other treatment had significant change or difference, and its maximum was for treatment 6. Eosinophils had no significant change or difference in all treatments, but the minimum amount of neutrophils and the maximum of lymphocyte amount were observed in host. The maximum numbers of RBC and hemoglobin, hematocrit were seen in treatments regards to treatment 6, which had significant difference from others, and the least index was observed in host, which had significant difference from other treatments. MCH, MCHC of treatments showed no significant difference, but the maximum of MCV for treatment 4 was seen which had significant difference. The average amount of lysozyme for treatment6 and 5, was the maximum amount, which had statistical difference from others treatments. the maximum amount of immunoglobulins was, respectively, treatment4&6 and the maximum amount of IgM for treatments 5 & 6 were observed, which had significant difference from others.Conclusion: According to these result, we can acknowledge that adding treatment 6 in per ton food, cause breeding growth and the effectiveness of food which plays a positive role.

Introduction & Objective: Physalis-alkekengi of Solanaceace has been recommended as a traditional antipyretic, antineoplastic, anti inflammation, analgestic, anti bacterial, anti virus and anti tumor drug by herbalist in Iran. For this purpose we decided to study cytotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of it on the U937 Cell.Materials & Methods: At first, the aqueous extracts of the plant were obtained. Then three different doses of this extract (low, medium and high) were effected on U937, Hela and L929 cell cultures, and by MTT Assay viability of this cells were evaluated.Results: The results show that significant difference was observed in surviving of U937, Hela and L929 cells, when control group and treated group was compared. The LC50 for the U937 cells was 28.125 mg/ml.Conclusion: The results discovered that aqueous extracts of the physalis-alkekengi have good cytotoxic effects on U937 cells.

Introduction & Objective: Formalin and copper sulfate are compounds than those who are constantly in aquaculture to treat parasitic infections and bacterial infections are used. Fish gills are as organs that are constantly exposed to the external environment and because of its role in respiration and osmotic balance of these chemicals and heavy metal are the first target. The purpose of this study is of histopathological effects of copper sulfate and formaldehyde concentrations on gill tissue of white fish in the Caspian SeaMaterials & Methods: In this research, indication of probable was teforgill tissues of Caspian white fish with average weight of 428 mg and length weight of 3.5Cm is addressed after exposing to different compactness of copper sulfate (in20minutes short time care and 24 hours long time care, 100ppm and 1ppm) and formalin (in short time care and long time care, 25ppm and 250ppm). After stabilizing tissues in10 percent formalin and making 5 micrometer section, it is painted with hematoxylin method and is studied by optical microscope. Results: The results showed that lying gill in the proximity of 1ppm per copper sulfate litter cancause to start as lighthy per plagy at gill secondary blade. In compactness of 100ppm, these was tesare enhanced and brings about phenol mena such as hyperplagyin the gill primary and secondary lamell as and very much hyperemia was evident. Conclusion: The results of lyinggill in proximity of 25ppm formalin, a little hyperemi a was evident and in long time cause the presence of red globule.

Introduction & Objective: Almost any type of stress, whether physical or neurogenic, causes an immediate and marked increase in ACTH secretion and adrenocortical secretion of cortisol. Probiotics can be effective in reducing the harmful effects of stress are inspired. This study aimed to assess the effect of Lactobacillus casei strain TD2, native iranian probiotic on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion in male wistar rats under chronic restraint stress condition.Materials and Methods: For this study, 40 male Wistar rats were selected the same age and approximate weight (110-130 gr). After a 2-week adaptation period, the rats were divided into four groups of ten, including two control groups and two trial groups randomly. The negative control group were gavage for 21 days with 1 ml phosphate buffer at neutral pH. Positive control group in addition to a daily gavage buffer, were placed for 15 minutes each day for chronic restraint stress on restrainer. First trial group was received per day of probiotic Lactobacillus casei TD2, while the second trial group in addition to probiotics, stress was received. After the test period, rats were anesthetized with ether and blood was taken by heart. By separating the plasma ACTH levels in the blood were measured using kits.Results: The results of this test and comparing positive and negative controls showed that during stress, hormone levels significantly increased treatment 2 It also became clear that receiving probiotics in second trial group caused a significant decrease in hormone concentration compared to the positive control.Conclusions: The results of this test indicate that the probiotic can reduce the negative effects of chronic stress and reduce ACTH hormone levels of blood significantly.

Introduction & Objective: Neurogenin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEUROG3 gene. Neurogenin-3 is expressed in endocrine progenitor cells and is required for endocrine cell development in the pancreas and intestine. It belongs to a family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors involved in the determination of neural precursor cells in the neuroectoderm. The pancreas and brain the major splicing isoform does not code for a protein. Ngn3 expression peaks during the major wave of endocrine cell genesis، is greatly diminished at birth، and is largely absent from the mature pancreas.Material and Methods: Total RNA was extracted from adult human pancreatic tissue using Mini-RNease RNA extract kit. PCR was used to identify the gene expression on Neurogenin-3 in adult Pancreas.Results: RT-PCR analysis showed Neurogenin-3 gene expression.Conclusion: NGN3 is transiently expressed in endocrine progenitor cells when the pancreas developed in the human embryo. But in this study we showed that NGN3gene expresses in adult human Pancreas. Probably the endocrine progenitor cells present within human adult pancreas and maybe NGN3gene expresses after any major organ insult.

Introduction & Objective: The amount of heavy metals in the environment has increased with human industrial interference and cause damage to the environment provides. Free of heavy metals are found in combination with other elements in the environment, and mineral waters. Effect of lead chloride on fish embryos that named (Pterophyllum scalar) is the aim of this study. Therefore, 5 pairs of ornamental fish of a species to determine the toxicity of lead chloride in the process of embryonic development (early life) before the eggs were extracted.Material and Methods: In the first study to determine the acute toxicity LC50 concentration of the desired material (lead chloride) 5 concentration of 3 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L and control was performed in three successive iterations. Each test was repeated for 3 days and counting the number of dead embryos (white) Acute toxicity of lead chloride at doses less than mg/L (5 mg/L£n) was determined. In the second phase of research to examine the changes desired effect of causing toxicity on fetal developmental stages of Angel fish were. Stages of the test is less than the LC50 concentration of less than 4 were considered g/Lm5. The concentrations of 5.0, 5.1, 3 and 5.4 g/Lm and controls for comparison. Some of these samples at the same moment sampling survey was study with photo stereo microscope.Results: The results showed that lead chloride in the initial review abnormally apparent like the tilt, loss of vision or the lack of effect on growth delay. Histological studies of tissues prepared for light microscopy study also showed that lead chloride on growth of embryonic kidney (Prenefroses) did not interfere.

Introduction & Objective: The usage of nanoparticles is growing in various fields due to their low cost, high efficiency and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, their potential hazards should also be considered and used at concentrations that have not mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to assess the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of Bismuth nanoparticles with a size of 56nm, and the concentrations of 156.25, 78.1, 39.1 ppm.Material and Methods: In this study, we utilize the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Firstly, the purity of the strains was confirmed in terms of purity of mutagenic properties. Then the different concentration of Bismuth nanoparticles was separately added to minimal glucose agar medium containing TA100. Subsequently, they were compared against the positive control (samples containing mutated bacteria and sodium azide) and negative control (containing mutated bacteria and distilled water). In the next phase of this research the rat liver micrsomes was separately added to the minimal glucose agar medium containing the suspected carcinogenic Bismuth nanoparticles , and negative and positive controls and all back colonies were counted.Results: The number of revertant colonies the treated plates with S9 is decreased and it means mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of Bismuth nanoparticles with S9 is decreased.Conclusion: the results of the present study shows that the Bismuth nanoparticles at concentrations examined had no mutagenic and carcinogenic effect.