The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:40 |Papers Count:10

The increasing global concern for the environment, increased the demand for more research into the value creation of environmental disclosure for stakeholders and its integration within corporate governance structures. So, the aim of this study is investigating the relationship between corporate governance and environmental voluntary disclosure. Thus, the paper has examined 42 companies from chemical industries and pharmaceutical product, listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. According to the findings of recent research, can say that there is not diversity in the board size of Iranian companies and presence of independent managers in the board do not lead to increase of environmental voluntary disclosure level. The separation roles of CEO with chairman of the board director lead to increase of controlling in Iranian companies and environmental voluntary disclosure.

The main goal of this study is to examine the effect of financial reporting quality in reducing the negative impact of dividend policies on the investment decisions. To this end, 130 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were selected. This correlational research is applied in terms of objective. To test the hypotheses, the combined linear multiple regression model was used. Assumptions of this study are as follows: 1) The negative impact of dividend on investment is stronger for firms that a significant portion of their value is the result of growth opportunities. 2) The quality of financial reporting will reduce the negative impact of dividends on investments. To measure the quality of financial reporting, the Dechow and Dichev (2002) model adjusted by McNichols (2002) was used which is similar to the study by Ramalingegowda and San Wang (2013). The Research results indicate that, dividend has a negative effect on investment is stronger for firms that a significant portion of their value is the result of growth opportunities. But, financial reporting quality will not reduce the negative effect of dividend on investment.

The purpose of this study is investigate the effect of managerial ability on stock price crash risk. To attain the mentioned purpose, one hypothesis were developed and a sample 119 firms was selected by systematic elimination method from the companies listed in Tehran stock exchange. In order to measure managerial ability Demerjian and et all(2012) model and to measure stock price crash risk, two measure of research Habib(2014) were used. Also, to estimate research, Generalized Method of Moments and panel data were used. Resualts of estimating research models using two measure negative skewness of firm return and down to up volatility showed that competent managers through manipulate financial reporting quality on have a positive and significant impact on stock price crash risk.

Stock returns volatility said to changes in the market price of the stock. Stock returns Volatility is be influenced by several factors. One of the factors that affect onstock return volatility. is information asymmetry. Information asymmetry is also influenced by the quality of information disclosed. The effect of each of these variables simultaneously over another is investigation. Therefore, in this study, we examine the impact of the direct and simultaneous impact the quality of information disclosure (of information asymmetry) on the volatility of stock returns. For this purpose 520 years (104 companies during 2013-2017) were selected and simultaneous impact the quality of information disclosure on stock return volatility with combined simultaneous equation method and the direct impact of its cross-sectional regression tested. In this research to quantify the quality of corporate information disclosure of listed companies to disclose score, Information asymmetry using the difference between bid and offer prices were quantify and calculated the volatility of stock returns with the natural logarithm one plus of a standard deviation of daily stock returns. The results show that high-quality disclosure of information reduce information asymmetry and thus also leads to lower information asymmetry down Volatility of return on the stock. The findings could is useful for investors, analysts and financial advisors, managers of business units and Stock Exchange to explain the relationship between these variables.

Given the resources constraints, it seems logical to attach high importance to promote investment efficiency. According to the representation framework, it is quite possible that companies may divert from their optimal level of investment. The manager's career concerns are among the most influential features of management in this regard. The manager's career concerns focus on how current performance affects manager's future rewards. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the career concerns of Chief Executive Officers (CEO), including their age and date of appointment, and their overconfidence, as one of the characteristics of behavioral bias among CEOs, with investment efficiency. To this end, it was attempted to study a sample of 166 firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Next, multivariate regression was used to process and test the research hypotheses. The findings of the research showed that as the CEOs grew older, the investment efficiency decreased. Besides, it was found that newly-appointed CEOs led to lower levels of investment efficiency. Finally, CEOs’ overconfidence was reversely correlated with investment efficiency.

The present study fundamental risk exposure from the great Iranian companies in terms of sales / income Tehran Stock Exchange have been accepted, and contextual factors exposure in connection with the corporate governance. Within the framework of the current companies, information about the risk of an important role in the decision-making process and evaluation of various organisations. The present study the relationship between the mechanisms of corporate governance in financial reporting. The study included 50demographic company adopted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Testing hypotheses benefiting from Eviews software. The results of the test the hypotheses shows that the ratio between foreign managers in the board of directors, board member, the number of board meetings and the size of the company's relationship with the level of risk exposing significantly while between the size of the board of directors, company size, efficiency, institutional shareholders, industry and financial leverage with the level of risk-free and compulsory disclosure is different from the results.

In today's surging era, efficient and effective management system to guide the company's operations and remain competitive is essential. Obviously, the management ability to the entity's control, the more effective governance and, ultimately, the company will have the ability to stay in the competition. This study examined the effectiveness of management's ability to compete in the product market. In this regard, managing director for focusing power to enhance the efficiency of the resource is defined. To calculate competition indices Lerner, Lerner adjusted and the Herfindahl – Hirschman are used. The population included 87 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, which is a combination of methods and data were analyzed by ordinary least squares regression. The results of this study confirmed the hypothesis and showed that the ability to manage a positive and significant effect on competition in the product market.

Product market competition, formed a great mechanism for optimal allocation of resources, and has a disciplinary effect on the behavior of managers and their incompetence and also, the applicant effect on managerial incentives for earnings manipulation and somehow to be reported earnings manage. The purpose this research is an investigation the role of ownership structure on the relationship between product market competition structures and real earning management in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, product market competition measure to follows of Raith (2013) and Karuna (2007) is used to from the ranks sum five criteria (industry concentration ratio, product differentiation, market size, property, plant & equipment-entry cost and number of firms) and the composite indicators of abnormal operating cash flow, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenditure for the real earning management, and for measuring ownership structure of the three criteria of institutional ownership, board ownership and family ownership in this research. In this meanwhile, have been selected sample 128 firms. The present research method is application purpose and the correlation type and statistical methods is used to analyze multiple linear regression. The results show that has not product market competition structures on real earning management and also ownership structure has not effect on the relationship between product market competition structures and real earning management. This topic indicates that product market competition structure in relation to the real earning management does not play role considering the importance of the ownership structure in Iran's Stock Exchange and deemed to be mechanism completely ineffective.

This research examines the relationship between product market competitions with investor`s risk-taking. The sample consisted of 110 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 10 different industries. To achieve this goal, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and Adjusted Lerner used as measures of competitiveness. The capital expenditures and the investment`s return have been used for measuring the risk-taking. Research findings indicates that there is significant negative relationship between Herfindahl-Hirschman with the capital expenditure by increasing product market competition, capital expenditures increasing, but there is significant positive relationship between Adjusted Lerner with investment`s return. by increasing product market competition, investment`s return increasing. Overall, the finding evidence that market mechanisms is an effective factor to risk-taking.

Based on theoretical concepts of financial reporting by the public sector provided by the Accounting Standards Committee of the Audit Organization, The primary objective of the public sector financial reporting is to help this sector play its role of accountability to the public. Over the last few years, increasing emphasis on public sector performance has provided mechanisms for accountability, which can be seen in the role of government financial reports as one of the most important tools for this responsibility. In this research, the indicators for improving accountability are categorized in four general sections of budget compliance, financial performance assessment, compliance with laws, and, finally, cost-effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness. In this study, the impact of the implementation of accrual accounting in 1394 as the first year of implementation of this system has been studied in relation to the use of a revised cash accounting system over the past years on improving government accountability. The research methodology was fieldwork and library and applied to the 11 ministries using the annual budget statement of the entire country and the financial statements of the executive machinery, as well as the reports on the Budget Settlement of the supreme Audit court. Finally, using the non-parametric binomial test. In this paper, the comparative outcomes resulting from the implementation of accrual based accounting are adjusted and prepared using the audit reports prepared by the Court of Auditors in the form of a report on the total budget of the country, based on Article 55 of the Constitution. Publicly available extracted audit reports from the annual budget law and the fifth program of the Information Development Research Program have been used. The results obtained using the binomial test method. It should be noted that in one comparison of the first hypothesis test, in which the performance of 1392 with 1394 has been examined, the result of the test is confirmed, namely, it can be stated that the implementation of the accrual accounting basis instead of the cash-based budgeting budget The government has had a positive impact on the government in 1394 compared to 1392. In total, unlike the transparency created by applying accounting in the public sector section of the accounts, changes have been made to the table below. Results of the output of the reports of this accounting basis have a positive and significant impact on the years before the implementation of this memorandum it shows.