SCIENCE PRODUCTION
Year:2008 | Volume:- | Issue:8|Papers Count:8

On what should the framework of university text books be based so that it is considered as guideline and starting point for research and exploration? Text books should not make students with active minds to surrender unquestionably to the abstract subjects but should they be considered as the end of research and exploration for him/her. In the present situation with the evolution of knowledge of man and adaptation and adjustment to lots of subjects, especially in human sciences, university text book development needs revision and subtlety in a different way. Sources out of which the contents are selected, principles and criteria for this selection, the principles of organizing the content, the method of organizing and developing the contents and scientific subjects and also the development of an active text regarding the effect it exerts upon the audience are all among the key issues in university text book development. This paper has tried to take into consideration each and every aforesaid instances have we been successful in area of university text book development, proportional to the present and evolved situation? University text book designing as a guideline requires a professional group while individual designing leads to consequences similar to our current problems and in some cases it will end up in discordance between the current content and the criteria. Text books are essential to universities however its role must be changed which is, to some extent, possible through following the scientific criteria and principles of content selection and organization.

The undeniable role of scientific and technological system in the sustainable economic and social development of all countries is, today, one of the main reasons for the necessity of paying serious attention to this system. The scientific and technical system has various dimensions. In one of the categorizations performed by the Supervisory Board of the High Cultural Council the system was determined to have five dimensions: human resources, financial, structural, performance and productivity. Scientific magazines fall in the structural dimension, which, in the scientific and technological system is a factor that affects production of science. It is not only considered as the infrastructure but is worth consideration from the point of view of the performance dimension as well.Development policy-making of scientific magazines and articles is one of the most important policy-makings in the scientific and the technological system. It can, as the infrastructure, play an effective role in narrowing the gap between the existing science and desirable sciences. The present paper aims at offering practical and necessary solutions for the qualitative and quantative development of articles through studying and reviewing the supply of and demand for scientific magazines in the country with a pathological approach. The findings of the studies show that the trend of growth of demand, that is the increase in the number of students at the Master’s Degree level, larger attraction of lecturers and tutors and the increase in demand for enhancement of the scientific level of the articles and the policy-making for quantative and qualitative development of articles as an important index in the classification of universities considering the policies of the Five-Year Plan and the Twenty-Year Panorama of the country on the one hand and lack of growth in line with demand in supply, that is to say lack of qualitative and quantative growth of magazines on the other, have revealed clear evidence on supply and demand of magazines.

Developments of science in the last decades have caused lots of doubts about the mechanical paradigm and the Newtonian thinking. Also, the chaos theory shook the pillars of the quantum mechanics, and showed that the quantum mechanics is not able to recognize the nature, and also, we are not able to make a certain program for the nature. In this paper, we intend to find a suitable response for this question: "What are the roads of the nature?" In order to answer this question, we review the classical thinking with its axioms, and present some critiques about it. Then, we will investigate another viewpoint about the nature. Finally, we will introduce the third point of view in order to find out: "what are the roads of the nature?" This point of view is based on the motion and evolution in the nature, and helps us to find out the meaning of the systematic viewpoint in various phenomena.

Scientific communication is a process in which ideas and scientific findings are exchanged between scholars. Scholarly communication could be in verbal, written or electronic formats. Recording scientific products, keeping abreast with scientific developments, validating scientific findings, and archiving the scientific output are four functions of scientific communication. According to the Garvey and Griffith's model, scientific findings are fists communicated through informal channels such as conferences and colleagues and then through more formal channels such as scholarly journals.Scholarly communication plays an important role in the creation of new expertise and generation of scientific theories. On the other hand, interdisciplinary scientific communication can prepare a context for interaction between different approaches and can create new scientific fields. Finally, international communication is an effective factor in increasing scientific products and can stimulate the growth of knowledge.

Relationship between government, industry and higher education is cased increase productivity and economic growth. Governments have an important role in organizing and guiding university research activities direct to the industry. That is more important especially in developing countries, because these countries suffering from deficiency resources and must setting research priority and development activities. Relationship between University and industry, improve productivity and create more diversity in the products. In addition, university and industry cooperation to change the relative production costs and increase the comparative advantages in firm and ultimately countries.This relationship causes to create innovation and new technologies and to allow firms can improve their products, which enhance the increase capacity, reduce costs, increase quality and increase the delivery speed. The University Research is not competitive and when access to new method, the others can be used easily.In this article the importance of higher education and innovation on economic growth through endogenous growth models is explained and while review Romer's endogenous growth model we made a mathematical model of economic growth in Iran and higher education, labor, physical capital and research from technology spillovers and development has been studied.

Knowledge management, evaluate to create effective change in the quantity and quality of manufacturer agents and organs of society and deals. The factors are human resources and financial, material, technology. This evolution to more efficient is the goal of science is done. Founder of experimental science because the origins of matter claimed in the beginning, like other management science, the laws are universal. But gradually there human phenomena known that the claim is not based and were inevitably raised induction theories. This change in paradigm change in management science that defined science simultaneously before World War was caused in management science research methods, initially with the aim of further defining the principles is also undergoing transformation. Taylor's father founded following the principles of management science to: 1. Development of science for replace science with old empirical methods that used by workers, 2. Cause goals to achieve the highest paid wages and lack of access to the most goals will cause a decrease income, 3. Selecting science workers and their continued growth, educating all workers for obtaining higher rank or level workers in their jobs, 4. Concurrent use of scientific knowledge and selection of workers to work to achieve the best results, 5. Share the work and responsibilities between workers and management and necessary interaction and close cooperation between them, Gradually engineering methods provide principles that were followed instead of the research methods that were more sociological and psychological approaches were. This approach, generally have been based on survey. The rule these methods continued until 1990, but in recent years, theorists went to modernist (post modern) methods of philosophical hermeneutics. Case study was as on of the educational method in first and then as a research method (case research) helps to manage the development of science.Gradually engineering methods provide principles that were followed instead of the research methods that were more sociological and psychological approaches were. This approach, generally have been based on survey. The rule these methods continued until 1990, but in recent years, theorists went to modernist (post modern) methods of philosophical hermeneutics. Case study was as on of the educational method in first and then as a research method (case research) helps to manage the development of science.Knowledge management as the scientific facts can make explored the organizational and human phenomena that are interacting was been neglect. So it had to use of induction approaches. The other hand, due to the portrayal of the future role of organizational factors such as technology, structure and financial resources and the other hand, being unpredictable human behavior as core organizational issues can not be self-sufficient of deduction theorists.in this paper is Case study (case research) as the research method, its position in process of management theorists and the role of knowledge management is to be determined.

Today, the role of evolution-creating and future-making for education, especially higher education, towards achieving supreme life through educating and making efficient the human resources has been revealed on a speed different from the past and through a different perspective and enjoyed a considerable effective quantity and quality.The university and academic centers are responsible against the mission mentioned above and take measures with a various fundamental structures and a different approach as well as sectional structures towards fulfilling duties, missions and purposes, among these fundamental structures, research centers may be mentioned.The role and effect of the activity of research centers on producing science and scientific promotion in the age of knowledge management caused that universities and higher education centers in leading these evolutions understood the necessity of establishment of structural foundations such as research centers and have a special purpose in programming and making policy in this regards. Islamic Azad University, as the largest non-governmental and attending university also attended this important fact and considered development of research centers as guide in stability of life and surviving in a sensitive competition.The present research is a study on research centers development in Islamic Azad University with a pathological approach. The results of study show that despite research centers have various privileges in the development of producing science they have various barriers that makes undeniable the necessity of attention and investment in this area.The present study is the result of the research plan named "Pathology of Research Centers and Presentation of Instruction for Development of this Center in Islamic Azad University as well as presentation appropriate model".

This paper using ISI Web of Science Databases, reviews the scientific production of Islamic Azad University (IAU) scientific production in 2007 and 2008 and compare them with each other, 1118 of 1128 scientific production indexed in SCIE and only 38 title indexed in SSCI, in this year, there was no scientific production indexed in A& HCI. The rate of scientific production in 2008 in comparison with 2007 shows 74% growth. In 2007 and 2008, the most of scientific productions of IAU produced in article format and published in English language. The language variety of IAU scientific production in 2008 is more than 2007. Most of IAU scientific production indexed in the subject category "Chemistry, Multidisciplinary" and the journal "ACTA Crystallographica Section E-Structure Reports Online" published 58 of 1128 scientific productions in 2008 and is in the first place among other journals. The Iranian journal "Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research" with publishing 18 titles is in the first place among Iranian journals, Based on ESI database, IAU is in the 2628 place among other institutions in the world.