PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:12|Papers Count:14

Human in his environment deal with the name of persons, places, animals, plants, things, etc which for the most of them the reason for designating (or word derivation) such names is not disclosed to him. One of the problems, occupied the curios mind of the mankind, is finding the actual relationship between sign and signified. In fact, folk mythologies, historical, religious and epical texts, are among the main sources for word derivation which were reflected with an eloquent and sweet locution in mystical works in accordance with the thoughts of wayfarers. Another kind of word derivation is the result of creativities and artistry of mystics, which was created as a powerful tool for expressing esoteric mystical themes. Amongst the authors and poets, Attar must be regarded as the central figure of this realm. His Manteq at-Tayr which has found a worldwide publicity today is the result of his excellent use and choice word derivation that he provides for Simurgh.

Studying music in literary texts and its mutual inspirations is one of the branches of comparative studies. This paper investigates music and its system in Nizami’sKhosrow and Shirin. Khosrow and Shirin is one of the most prominent musical heritages and Barbad’s musical derivative modes called Alhan in which the names of songs and sounds, instruments and music have been cited in terms of lyrical themes. Thus, it is used as a sovereign exposition of music. One of the most significant elements of Khosrow and Shirinis revealing some parts of musical system of Sassanid era including Barbad’s thirty derivative modes named lahn. Theses modes had been appraised by Manuchehriformerly. This paper is a comparative study of Barbad’s modes or alhan cited in various accounts in different texts.

Psychology criticism tries to publicize the motives and mental excitements and the affective factors on creature of a literary work by using the work itself and on the other hand by the help of the author or poet’s biography by emphasizing on psychology and psychoanalysis principles. And it tries to know whether the enthusiasm, interest and agitation of the work is feigned or is the reflection of creator’s distracted and plaintive soul? And wants to know what factor has caused the enthusiasm and agitation like this? Honesty and artistic soul which have the elements like creativity, sensitiveness and is released from the net of molds and mottos, give the confident answer to psychoanalysis researches. Forough Farrokhzad’s personality includes the whole of these features. Therefore, in this research, Forough’s poems inspected based on Freud and Adler’s psychoanalysis viewpoints and distinguished that various defense mechanisms is seen against her depression and mental anxieties in her poems. And varieties complexes and mental motivations have influenced her life style and her instinct and poem perfection.

Hbsyh any in this article we examined the adjective maker suffixes in Faramarz Nameh, that is a very old epic texts. Therefore we see that these adjective makers have divided into two single meaning and multiple meaning groups. In multiple meaning suffixes, we have explained any concept that any suffix has been refer to it. Some of the suffixes after combine with a noun or adverb or infinitive will make any adjective by some changes in vocabulary grammar. Sometimes also, the suffixes will be combined by adjective and without any change in grammar group, changes it into compound adjective. Persian language suffixes are numerous and expanded. In this little time of this article, we have only examined the adjective maker suffixes by limited witnesses from Faramarz Nameh distiches. It also has been examined the abundances frequency of them.

Narrative is the best method for report real in series of events. In the ready research the plot of Tahmuroth story (from Shahname-Ferdosi) as a member of incorporator, was analysis by the view point of some structuralists. In this story, first the stable situation is in working. In the days of Tahmuroth king ship, the tranquility envelops all around the country. Afterwards the happen mishap and this primary situation changes to undesirable. Tahmuroth started to righteous and courtesy and since bureau saw the complete calm of people, ill temper persuaded them to in refusal of his precept and discharges him of majesty. After Tahmuroth known their plans, the war happened and the bureau failed. Afterwards after that the heroes get at to his target, stable situations create. This condition happens in this story one time. The target of election this subject is adaptation this theoris on this kind of literary (story) Tahmuroth story.

In Islamic Theology and Moslem’s Literature, Quran and Hadis are two primary rich and complete sources which poets and writers have inspired from constantly through the history. Molavi is one of the poets of Persian language who has benefited from them in an artistic manner.Artistic selection and picking some verses and prophet’s sayings has made Molavi more successful than other poets in connecting with the audience; this issue has made Molavi’s Ghazaliaate specific and different in comparison with other poet’s Ghazaliaat. Although, this way of application is also observed in Sanaaie’s and Attar’s poem, it has noticeable frequency in kolliyaat-e- Shams and has particular variety there. This means that Molavi has now and then interfered in expressions of verses and prophet’s sayings or their meaning or he has sometimes used verses and prophet’s sayings in a meaning other than their real meaning. Molavi’s particular art lies in the type of entangling these phrases with other words of poems to make compound adjectives and nouns. The writer of this article has investigated some poems of Kolliyaat-e- Shams as a sample here and has shown how the poet has used verses and prophet’s saying and their artistic reflection. This is in order to linguistically artistic landscapes of Molavi’s Ghazals to the audiences.

The wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures in Iran has been a great advantage for this country, providing a rich substantial culture and a lively society. However, this variety and multiplicity has sometimes been used by the country's enemies as means for engendering schism a diversion in the country. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, due to its richness and profundity, can play its traditional role of providing national identity and unity. In order to demonstrate the significant role of Shahnameh in providing Iranian groups with a single national identity, we considered the effect of Shahnameh on naming geographical phenomenon in Ghorveh with four towns and twelve rural areas. This research, registering geographical names and being impressed of Shahnameh, prevents this national unity from obliteration.

For poets and authors, Utopia is nowhere; all humans search it, in order to get rid of crulity. This dream abounds the romantic poet’s minds, because they take refuge in their artifitial worlds which they imagine them. Jobran khalil Jobran and Sohrab Sepehri are two romantic, contemporary, Persian and Arabic poets who depend on utopia in their poems in the mystical, suffistic ways. Sohrab describes ″The beyond seas″, ″Nowhere″, and ″The Above Oasis″ as the symbols of Utopia, instead Jobran uses ″jungle″. They use love, fair, beauty, virtue, and understanding as the characteristics of Ideal world.