NEW CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
Year:2011 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Aim and background: The ageing or senescence is a complex process involving biological changes in tissue, organ, cell and molecule levels, the eventual decline of which ultimately leads to death of organism. The mechanisms by which a cell ultimately defines the end of its life span and ceases to involve factors including genetic context, free radicals, telomerase activity, caloric restriction, waste productions, DNA methylation, glycation, stress, mt DNA mutations, damage and DNA repair, DNA-protein interactions, etc which are regarded as a new science namely Gerantology. The most important cell ageing strategies in yeast and animals are insulin signaling, metabolic flow, genome stability, telomerase activity, damage and DNA repair, histone acetylases, histone deacetylases and free radicals, but in plants phytohormones, photosynthetic machine and protein damage affect cell ageing. Age-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, neural disorders, skin lose, etc are the cost of longevity. Nowadays, biotechnology in two aspects would help us namely for the conflicting with age-related diseases and cell ageing: 1) Detection, decrease of ageing process and increase of health longevity.2) Creation of ageing process and death in malignant, cancerous, infectious cells and assessment of treatments.In order for Biotechnology to accomplish the above cases successfully needs RNAi, Drug delivery techniques, nano materials, DNA vaccines, Recombinant antibodies, hormone, cell and gene therapy, tissue engineering and other procedures and techniques.

Aim and background: Hepatitis B and its incidence are considered as an endemic disease worldwide. In addition to creation of critical and chronic hepatitis B disease, in patients who suffer from chronic kind of this infection there are hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic cirrhosis presumptions or other kinds of defections. HBV (hepatitis B virus) is also up to 98 percent sensitive to some medicines like lamivudine. Lamivudine blocks viral DNA polymerase enzyme reverse transcriptase action through binding to its specific regions. But problem maybe formed in patients whom are exposed to lamivudine for long time, a new mutation occurs in C domain of YMDD motif and of viral DNA polymerase gene that leads to lamivudine resistance. Molecular diagnosis of this mutation is essential with regard to considerable relationship between mutation occurrence rate and infection incidence range due to host immune system. We chose LCR method due to its ease achievability compared with others to detect the mutation.Materials and methods: 62 Nested PCR viral polymerase gene samples of HBV using LCR were surveyed. Five pairs of 21_26bps oligonucleotides were designed for both wild type and mutant YMDD region which amplify a 47bps region.Results: 51 of 62 patients have been non mutant in YMDD motif (82.25%) while 11 patients have been mutant in YMDD motif (17.74%). LCR.Conclusion: Investigation of LCR conclusions has shown that there is both wild and mutant type of HBV in patients. For this reason, we utilized mutant oligonucleotides and its bonds on gel were seen. Results are completely in conformation to sequencing conclusions.

Aim and Background: Gladiolus italicus species are exposed to genetic erosion and even destruction. On the other hand, these species can be potentially useful for breeding and agriculture. Moreover, the diversity of germplasm is not sufficient. Therefore, the collection, preservation and study of genetic diversity on Gladiolus species are important and essential. Materials and Methods: According to Flora of Iran books, different regions of the country were visited. Three populations of Gladiolus species from different area namely Alamout, Mahalat and Mashhad were collected and their karyotype characteristics were recorded. Three plants of eachpopulation was randomly selected for further studying. The root tips pretreated with 8-hydro, xyquinolin for 3.5 hours, then fixed in Former solution 1: 3 ethanol and acetic acid for 24 hours followed by being stained with hematoxylin. Images of ten appropriate metaphase plates with clearly. chromosomes morphology were then captured Results: The species populations possessed 2n=2x=30, 60 chromosome number, but varied in details of karyotype including type of chromosomes.Conclusion: Karyotype symmetry, number of SAT and chromosomes differed significantly. chromomatin length as well as length of chromosome arms were also differed. Therefore, medium-chromosome was designated as diploid.

Aim and background: In order to identify the dominant homozygous plants resistant to rhizomania within 28 sugar beet genotypes including 5 S1 populations, 16 O-type lines, two pollinators, and 5 hybrids amounting to 1551 field-grown single plants, and a repulsion-phase RAPD marker, (named PN3) were linked to rhizomania resistance.Materials and methods: DNA was extracted from the leaves of single plants. RAPD-PCR test was carried out on the samples using the primers. According to the data, analysis of variance for the percentage dominant homozygous plants was conducted using unbalanced completely randomized design.Results: The Results indicated that the genotypes were significantly different in percentage for the dominant homozygous plants. Means comparison by Duncan's multiple range test showed that the genotypes OT5, OT11 and OT12 had the highest percentage of marker presence. Also, by applying cluster analysis the studied genotypes were classified into four clusters with the cluster B having the genotypes of the highest dominant homozygous plants.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the PN3 marker could be used for rapid screening of sugar beet germplasm at the stages of resistant plants selection in a resistant cultivar development program.

Aim and Background: There are many genes as well as environmental factors involved in the risk of breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the effect of different environmental factors in the incidence of breast cancer in patients admitted in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran. Estrogen hormone, age, weight, Dietary habits, vitamins, cigarette smoking and family history were concerned as risk factors.Materials and Methods: The data were analyzed using the computer software SPSS for windows (version 11). The case-control study was conducted in 100 breast cancer patients and 100 healthy people as control.Results: An increased association was found with patients becoming pregnant in high age, being pregnant for more twice in life period and who have had abortion. Using anti Pregnancy pills also is an important factor in the risk of breast cancer as a huge number of patients were using these kinds of tablets. Being over-weight also is a risk factor for breast cancer. Very few patients were using vitamins as it is an agent to reduce the risk of cancer. Positive association was also found among people using red meat and the number of using in the weak. No association was observed with age and risk of breast cancer. Factors like tea consumption and using fast food also resulted in positive association with breast cancer. We found no statistically significant association between positive family history and breast cancer risk.Conclusion: This study shows that some of the environmental factors are important in increasing the risk of breast cancer.

Aim and background: Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) belongs to the family Cornaceae. It is a tall deciduous shrub or small tree of 5 to 8 m high. This plant is popular in Southern Europe and Asia. Fruits of these species are not only consumed fresh but also used to produce jam, jelly, stewed fruit, marmalade, syrup and several types of soft drinks. It is also used for medicinal purposes due to properties of stalk and fruits. The leaves and seed of this species is used in pharmaceuticals. The tree is also valuable for ornamentation as an evergreen broadleaf plant.Despite the widespread use of cornelian cherry, a few studies on this plant have been conducted in Iran.Materials and Methods: In this research 6 populations of Cornus mas belongs to Cornus genus that collected from 3 locations of Iran, studied using root apex meristem, number and dimensions of chromosomes in the mitosis division measured, and determined karyotypic formula for any population.Results: The number of genome was 9 and kind of chromosome was metacentric, sub-metacentric and sub-telocentric. The most and lowest mean of chromosome length belongs to C2 population (47.7 micron) and C3 population (3.50 micron) respectively. The populations were compared using Stebbins method based on karyotype. C2 and C3 lied in 1A class and other populations in 2A class, so C2 and C3 populations were symmetrical than others. Karyotypic formula of C1, C2, C4, C5 and C3 and C6 was determined as 10m+8sm and 6m+12m respectively.Conclusion: Cytological samples showed minor differences in this sample compared to other samples, for example, a satellite is in samples C5 pairs of chromosome No.4

Aim and Background: Ant hurium andreanum is a perennial herbaceous plant, and an economically important genus of Araceae. Tissue culture of Anthurium andreanum offers an alternative tool for rapid multiplication in a short period.Materials and Methods: Leaf plate explants of pink cultivar were used. The leaves were cut into 1×1 cm sections. Segments of leaf were sterilized with 1% NaClO for 20 minutes. Explants were cultured on MS medium fortified with IAA (0.1- 0.4 mg/l) and BA (0.25 -1.5 mg/l), 30 g/l sucrose and 8 g/l Agar for callus induction in dark conditions. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement and 8 replications. Callus was cultured on MS and 1/2 MS without hormones base media for shoot induction in light condition. The shoots transferred to rooting media after regeneration.Results: Best result for callus induction was obtained from MS medium containing supplement of 0.2 mg/l IAA and 1 mg/l BA. Also the 1/2 MS media showed the best result for a number of shoots. The Best result for rooting in vitro was in 1/2 MS medium with 1g/l activated charcoal without hormones.Conclusion: All shoots formed roots after 30 days and Plantlets were transferred into pot with perlite bed and grown in the greenhouse.

Aim and Background: Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In this study the effect of nano iron chelated fertilizer and iron chelated fertilizer on growth parameters, leaves photosynthetic pigments, protein, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in leaf were investigated.Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in farm condition in the form of randomized design based on four replications. Plants were treated by different concentrations of iron chelated fertilizer (1.5, 4.5, 7.5 kgha-1) and nano Fe chelated fertilizer (1, 3, 5 kgha-1).Results: Results indicated that growth parameters increased in plants treated with Fe fertilizer (7.5 kgha-1) and nano Fe fertilizer with less than 5kgha-1. The antioxidant enzymes activity in the Fe treatments was more than nano Fe treatments. Moreover, nano iron fertilizer resulted in the reduction of protein amounts in comparison with iron fertilizer treatments.Conclusion: The results showed that Fe fertilizer could be replaced by nano Fe fertilizer.