ARABIC LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
Year:2010 | Volume:6 | Issue:10|Papers Count:9

The study of the meaning is the oldest intellectual concerns of human over time and in various cultures and civilizations. The meaning has occupied the Chinese and Indian thinkers and philosophers of the Greeks and Romans during centuries. The Arab and Muslim linguists and others mostly shared in study of many issues related to meaning of the words.Arab's linguistic research has focus on determining of meaning and purposes of Quran. The discussion and survey of issues that took place among the Arab and Islamic scholars related to meaning. But the study of meaning in Islamic and Arabic heritage had merged in the other linguistic studies and the issue mixed with various knowledge and had not the distinctive title and was not independent in his themes and specific criteria.But unfortunately many researchers thought that the semantics is the knowledge that its bases and principals have grown and grew up in the modern linguistic studies and the Arab and Muslim scholars didn't know it.This research aims to state the contributions of Islamic and Arabs scholars in establishing the principles of bases related to semantics and illustrates the extent of their interest in meaning. And I chose Ibn Jenni as representative of earlier scholars. Because he was one of the greatest scholars who have made a bright example for the issues of language in the Arab and Islamic heritage. In fact, this study states the Ibn Jenni s studies and shows the extent of his interest to it in various forms. In addition, the study states that a loit of results of the modern semantic studies, received by the scholars of Arabia. While studying the language which made us say that semantics is ancient science that linguists dealt with it in earlier time and is modern as its bases and foundations, and methodology have been identified in the beginning twentieth century until it become independent science after that was studied inside other linguistic studies.

This article attempts to slug the importance of commitment in the schools of thought. We know that they are categorized into three classes; a) The Committed schools.b) The Uncommitted schools.c) The Neutral schools.They are different because each of them advocates thoughts and opinions, and therefore all of them include a kind of commitment.Especially it has been claimed that the social commitment and duty of humans depends on their knowledge and competency and neither can artists nor authors nor poets who are in the knowledge and cultural bandwagon be indifferent about the society in which they live.

Before being an Islamic thinker, Saied Qutb was a literary scholar and critic whose impressionistic character as an Islamic thinker was partially because of his magic and eloquent expression. Nonetheless many people still know him as an Islamic thinker without being informed of his critical and literary approaches, so his works on criticism and literature are becoming forgotten.This paper is about to express and uncover a part of his literary life and study his poetical work and critical view toward the Holy Quran and literature.

Critics often do not provide similar definitions to literature and those they give put emphasis on elements which separates literature from other arts. Every literary work is consisted of five elements, namely, sentiments, imaginations, thoughts, music and style Sentiments provide artistic immortality and ever freshness to a literary work, imagination is a vehicle which carries sentiment and makes the reading process inexhaustible. Thought is a second hidden in the inner folds of the great literary works and can always bloom against all decadence. Music or the magic of speech, gives adornment to the literary language, and vigor to the other elements and the style interwoven the other element in a work of art and distinguishes it from the other literary works. However, it is traditionally depicted that, style is the author because every author has his/her own stylistic features. The present paper is an elaborated attempt in analyzing these elements.

Repetition is one technique in language of poetry through which a word or phrase has various technical implications that impress the reader. The skillful poet, who can direct the word to be worthwhile and sensuous, is able to do that work. The value of this kind of repetition rises due to its implications where the poet owns verbal and emotional originality. If there is any defect in his talent, it will lead to mediocre word and this is more important than the poet's disability to control the repetition technique completely. The great poets have been successful in using blank verse which has powerful repetition and implications.This is true about AL-Sayyab, a pioneer - in blank verse, has been able to use this technique skillfully to gain the verbal goals of the verse.His power is blended with rhetorical, emotive, figurative and musical considerations in the six stations. This has been used skillfully in AL-Sayyab's blank verse and has been able to blend the beauty of implication with the provenance and stream it to the reader's mind successfully when mixed implications. This is the status of good poetry which makes us study about the light of language and beyond it and beyond what is in the implication. The powerful implications are the inveterate part of literary interpretation.

Mahmoud sami baroudi, a celebrated Egyptian poet was a pioneer of innovation. He could bring back the beauty and freshness to the Arabic poetry. Since he was brought up in a religious family and since he considered moral refinement as an output of literature, he tried to teach principles of Islam in his poetry and to propagate social, religious, and moral values among people such as: romise fulfillment, virtue, orayer, trustworthiness, liberality, bravery, and so on.This paper will try to discuss some of these values in the poet's works.

The human learns language in his milieu and society. In each society, this language relates between all people. Every language, specially Arabic language with its valuable synonyms that have the distinguished significance and with its collocation power, pave the way for formation the language signs in wide and extreme surface. In linguistic, language is an organization of signs. Because  language is for human, linguistic has a strong relation with the domain of researches and humanistic. So the searching in translation is the closest domain to linguistic.If we believe, as Peter Newmark, that each translation depend on one of the lingual idea, in fact the translation is counted the practice of comparative linguistic which include semantics such as a method. In addition to this, semantics is a tool for analysis the words, expresses and sentences and this analysis is counted a tool for translation.This compendious research analyses the words and surveys the significances between two words that the transference happens between them and the significance deferens in grammatical structures which are from one lingual matters. It also surveys De Saussure collocation and paradigmatic that has a special role in description the meaning of vocabulary. This research also surveys the meaning often vocabularies which "Jefry Litsh" explained seven of them and amalgamating relations that add to words a new spirit which hides under the words and sentences and text and the translator should notice them while the Farsi translator sometimes can`t create them in target or second or Farsi language. This essay also speaks of significance value of synonym words and of different cultural expressions between Arabic and Farsi. It also doesn`t forget the sensible and significance and literally equilibrium which isn`t usually between Arabic and Farsi.

This article deals with aghads idea who is one of the critica in the school of deivan about Michael Noayma hand his book as al-gharbal for which aghad has written an introduction. Although both critics followed the some goal of a severe attack on classic literature and destroying the style and method in which the previous scholars had written their poems in the issue of language Michael Noaymah. In his articles and especially in naghigh al-zafade attacks those critics who had commitment to language and its rules because he does not attend to eloquent Arabic language. On the other hand we see that aghad pays special attention to eloquent Arabic and criticizes the introduction of Michael's al-gharbal. This dispute is because of the fact that Michael Noaymah as one of the poets of mahjar migrated from his hometown to North America and founded the journal of al-rabetato al-ghalamia with his friends in 1910. He worked as a counselor for that journal and was influenced by the western culture and literature. Where aghad lived in the eastern and Arabic environment and he does not accept exit and deviation from the rules of language.