Payesh
Year:2002 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Objective(s): This was a cross-section study for determination of the criteria of effective education as viewed by Kerman University of Medical Sciences' students. Material & Methods: This study was undertaken by a questionnaire using reliable internal and external sources. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire examined by test-retest and face validity. In this study 350 students selected randomly were included and the questionnaires were completed by self-administered method. The questionnaire was designed to consider students' characteristics and determination the effective teaching criteria (in 4 aspects: seeking of knowledge, teaching, communication ability and personality). Results: Teaching, ability to establish communication, seeking of knowledge and personality were the most important aspects of effective teaching, respectively. The criteria in seeking of knowledge were "knowing" and "offering new subjects", in teaching "obvious transfer of matters" and "Preparing of class for thought and discussion", in communication ability to provide "students' participation in discussions" and "friendly relations with student" and in personality "fluent statement" and "self-confidence". There was no significant relation between student's personality and priority of criteria. Conclusion: The selection of university teachers should be on the basis of their effective teaching. Planning workshops on effective teaching methods is recommended.  

Objective(s): The rising trends of obesity in children are reflected in increased adult obesity and related morbidity. So we studied the prevalence of obesity in children and the related factors in Tehran. Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 1800 female pupils. Weight and height were measured and BMI (Body Mass Index) was calculated. SPSS-IO was used for statistical analysis. Results: Prevalence of obesity and overweight were 7.7 percent (95%CI= 6.25% - 9.3%) and 13.3 percent (95%CI= 11.76% - 14.95%), respectively. There was a significant correlation between obesity and age (P=0.01), type of school (P=0.002), appearance (P<0.001) and self-image (P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings necessitate interventional programs for identification and treatment of obese children.    

Objective(s): To determine type and rate of accidents in individuals under 20 years old in Yazd city. Material & Methods: In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, data gathered by a questionnaire and interview with mothers. Results: According to interview with 3555 individuals under 20 years old, accidents prevalence was 6.9% and falling was the most prevalent accident (45%). Chi-square test showed that accident status and family size had a significant relationship (P<0.00l).Also literacy of mother and accident status had a significant relationship (P<0.001). Accident rate in the city were 1.6 times more in rural areas. Also there was a meaningful relationship between sex, age groups and accident status (P<0.00l). Conclusion: The study findings suggest that regular home visit and health status monitoring of schools are necessary.    

Objective(s): To evaluate the performance of the medical records departments of hospitals in Kerman. Material & Methods: Data have been collected by a check-list on admission, filing, coding and statistics units. To analyze the data, each question was assigned a score and then the performance percentage of each unit was calculated and compared. Results: The results indicated that performance quality of the medical records departments were lower than national and international standards. The total performance of the medical records departments was relatively good (by achieving 61% of total scores). Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that the total performance of medical records departments was moderate.    

Objective(s): To determine the relationship between blood groups & Rh factor with rate of infection to cholera in Barn. Material & Methods: Relationship between cholera and blood groups in 74 patients, who were clinically and para-clinically proved to be infected with Ogawa during the cholera epidemic in 1997, was determined. A total of 74 healthy individuals with similar socio-economical, sex and age were selected as controls. Results: The mean age of male and female was 11.3±4.7 and 14.5±5.2 year, respectively. Prevalence of blood groups for A, B, O and AB in patient group was 14.9,21.6,62.6 and 1.3 percent, respectively, while it was 32.4, 33.7, 29.7 and 4.2 percent in control group. The result showed that the blood group O was the highest risk groups among the others (Odds ratio = 3.8, 95% CI=1.85 - 8.19). Also this investigation showed that individuals with Rh-were 2.3 times more susceptible to disease than those with Rh+ (Odds ratio = 2.3, 95% CI= 0.78 - 6.61). Conclusion: It is recommended that any prophylactic measures should be directed against those more than 10 years of age with blood group O in endemic and epidemic areas.    

Objective(s): This study was conducted to determine risk factors of midlevel mental retardation in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Material & Methods: In a case control study 93 cases were compared with similar number of hospital controls. Cases and controls were matched for age group. The Odds Ratio of independent variables (i.e. familial relation between parents, birth interval to later and former children, mother age in delivery, place of delivery, antenatal cares, family history of mental retardation, socio-economic status of family) for developing midlevel mental retardation were estimated. Chi square and logistic regression was performed to analyze data. Results: Determinant of midlevel mental retardation in this study was "time interval to birth of next child". Estimated Odds Ratio for "less than three year's interval" was 3.5 (95%CI= 1.7-7.0). Conclusion: Improving family planning programs and child spacing can be suggested to reduce midlevel mental retardation in this region. Further investigations are needed to determine the role of genetic and non-genetic chromosal abnormalities.  

Objective(s): To determine the frequency of depression among pregnant women visited at the prenatal clinic, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which by convenience sampling, pregnant women visited at the prenatal clinic during a 2-month period were studied. The instrument for data collection was Beck Depression Inventory, which is a self-administered valid and reliable questionnaire, measuring manifestations of depression. Scores higher than 9 were interpreted as depression. Results: Of 170 pregnant women, 16.5 percent had experienced depression symptoms before pregnancy, 9.4 percent reported depressive episodes in their relatives, 4.7 percent had suffered from depression during/after previous pregnancies and 8.2 percent had the history of premenstrual depression. 48.2 percent had experienced at least one stressor during the current pregnancy. The mean score on Beck Inventory scale was 11.47 (95%CI= 10.09-12.58). At the time of the study, at least 30.6 percent suffered from depression. Nevertheless, none were under supervision of a heath care professional for management of depression. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the implementation of strategies to integrate mental health screening in prenatal cares is needed.  

Objective(s): The objective of this study was to determine coping with stress abilities of clinical residents at Tehran University of Medical Sciences and to explore whether these abilities differ between Junior and Senior residents or between males and females. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, The Coping Skills Inventory was used for determination of different aspects of coping in a randomly selected sample of clinical residents in 14 different specialties at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Results: In all 277 residents were studied. Of these 62.7 percent were at the first or second years of residency, while the other 37.5 percent were at the third or fourth years. The male to female ratio was 1.1. The mean coping score was 64.83. Excellent and very good abilities were observed in 79.8%. The mean self-estimated coping scores was 63.13 that was significantly correlated with the calculated scores (Pearson correlation =0.47, P < 0.001). The mean coping score for juniors was not significantly different from that of seniors; but, juniors were less flexible, resourceful and self-reliant than their Senior counterparts (P = 0.016, P=0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). A significant difference was observed between the mean coping score of females and males (P< 0.001). The most important stressors were sensitive responsibilities, low salaries and sleep deprivation. Long hours of work, nightshifts and multiple roles were more frequently reported by the juniors than Seniors as major stressors (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Although a high percentage of residents had very good coping scores. However the difference in coping between genders emphasizes on the importance of support and education for female residents to cope more effectively with their job stress.