JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ENVIRONMENT
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:1 (5)|Papers Count:12

This study was conducted in Iran for the first time. Water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) was used in 180 day-old broilers fed Ross "308" in the three treatments and four replications which 15 pieces were used in each replication. Treatments consisted of 0, 5 and 10 percent of dry and powdered of water milfoil. The data analyzed with Excel and MSTATC software and also, Duncan test. By using the amount of food intake and weight gaining in each period, the amount of feed consumed, weight gain and feed conversion ratio was determined. There was no significant difference in amount of food consumed by poultry in whole growth period. In weight gaining, the control treatment showed the best result and treatment 5 was gain weight higher than treatment 10. No difference was observed for food conversion ratio in different treatment of water milfoil plant in whole period.

Identification, species diversity and abundance of fishes in the family dog water resources in Markazi province was conducted during the years 2004-2006. For this purpose, 19 stations were chosen and then fish caught by Sajook and electric fishing device. The fishes sent to laboratory and then were identified. The aim of species and genus identification of fish dog was to find time, frequency distribution in this region. The results showed that the three genera and three species of fish belonging to the dog fish family from bony fishes order (Osteichthyes) live in the water resources of this province. Paracobitis malapterus with 51.85% frequency was the most frequency andNemachelius barbatulus with 14.81% had the lowest frequency in the studied stations.

Swamp crocodile, (Crocodylus palustris) is the biggest reptile native species of Iran. The study of cytological parameters of C. palustris’s blood was performed in different seasons of Sistan & Baluchestan province in a yearlong survey beginning in summer 2008 till the spring 2009 in environment guard station of Dargas located in Dargas Village of Chabahar County.All studied crocodiles have been imprisoned, benefiting from their natural environment's natural light and sufficient water and their health have been assured by usual examines. The crocodiles' ration included chicken and duck meat slices which were freely put at their disposal. Sampling were done from C. palustris seasonally (n=12). Blood cytological parameters were included hematocrite (22.83%), RBC (0.83 ×106/ml), WBC (16.17 ×10³/ml), and Reticulocytes (175.83×10³/ml). Also, the separate count of cellules included as Hetrophils (39.38%), Lymphocytes (46.25%), Azurophils (9.16%), Neutrophil bands (2.00%), Eosinophils (4.0%) and Monocytes (2.25%). Since the blood taking was done seasonally, it was specified that the rate of blood's cytological indicators measured in different seasons have no significant difference in 5% level.

In this study, 10839 records of first parity Iranian Holstein dairy cattle (that were collected by Animal Breeding Center of Iran) were used to estimate genetic and phenotype parameters of 5 different type traits, 2 longevity traits, and their correlations. The genetic parameters were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood method with an animal model using ASREML software. Heritability estimates for type traits ranged from 0.11 (fore udder attachment) to 0.20 (body depth). The genetic correlation between longevity traits and type traits of body depth, loin, chest width, udder width and body size were negative and type traits of fore udder attachment, udder depth, median suspensor and udder height were positive and ranged from 0.03 (true productive herd life with fore udder attachment) to -0.47 (functional productive herd life with fore udder attachment). According to these results, it could be recommended to use type traits index for effective selection of animals with better longevity and fertility traits.

During four month, amounts of ionic (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) and non ionic parameters (cholesterol, total protein and glucose) in female kutum blood in Tajan river estuary were determined. Also correlation between them was investigated. Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were maximum to minimum respectively and concentration of cholesterol was more than glucose and glucose was more than total protein. The correlation between sodium and magnesium (P<0.01) was significant, but this correlation with glucose (P<0.01) and pH (P<0.05) was invert. There was a significant correlation between calcium and total protein (P<0.05). The correlation between magnesium with sodium to potassium ratio and calcium to potassium ratio was significant (P<0.05) but correlation between ion with pH (P<0.01) and glucose (P<0.05) was invert. The correlation between calcium with total protein (P<0.05) and also between sodium to potassium ratio and calcium to potassium ratio (P<0.01), was significant. According to influence of ionic and nonionic blood’s plasma on regulation of pH reproduction and growth in kutum, we can use this result in management of reproduction and culture of this valuable species.

In this study, the genome consists of 3 chromosomes, each 100cM with different marker density (100 markers with 1cM space, 200 markers with 0.5cM space, 1000 markers with 0.1cM space and 2000 markers with 0.05cM space) and 30 random distributed QTL were simulated. After 50 generations of random mating in a finite population (Ne=100) to create sufficient linkage disequilibrium, population size were expanded by 1000 (500 males and 500 females). This structure was conserved until generation 58. Two heritability (h2=0.1 and h2=0.5) were considered. Individuals of generation 51 and 52 have phenotype records and then used to estimate marker effects. Accuracy of genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) was calculated for individuals of generations 51-58. Results of first trial showed that accuracy of GEBV will increase by increasing in marker density for high heritability traits, but it increase to some extent (markers with 0.1cM space) for low heritability traits and it decrease by more dense markers. Results in second trial which used half of individuals of generation 51 and 52 for marker effect estimation, showed that accuracy of GEBV will decrease by decreasing in number of individual. In both trials, accuracy of GEBV for high heritability traits was higher than low heritability traits in same marker density. Finally, results of this study showed that accuracy of GEBV will decease by passing generations after generations used for marker effect estimation.

Egg contents which are completely natural and clean are packed inside a shell made of calcium carbonate. It seems that this natural packaging is a full protecting system for this product, but there is situations and conditions that protecting and defending power decreases or goes away entirely.Therefore, according to natural and specific characteristics of this product, using packages which ensures appearance and internal quality of the product, until the final moment of selling, is crucial. In addition along with packaging, the way of exposing the product to the market can also affect on quality; as cold cycle since producing time until using eggs affects. Thus, in this study, the different methods of marketing and their impacts on product quality were conducted. For determination of egg quality traits such as: shell thickness, (0.01 mm), albumin height (mm), ie: unit, yolk color, shell strength (0.001kg/cm), percentage of breakage, weight (g), dirtiness and the quality index was measured. Results evaluated in a completely randomized design and confidence level was 95%. The results of comparing weight differences between batches showed that there was just a considerable difference in minimal error within 30 refrigerated samples. In fracture trait significant differences were only observed in samples outside the refrigerator. In this case differences amongst unpackaged samples outside the refrigerator were more that differences amongst samples inside the refrigerator. In thickness and shell strength as there is a positive correlation between them; there were no significant differences in the 95% confidence level. Studies about albumin height in outside the refrigerator groups did show no significant difference nor between 30 unpackaged inside the fridge and 30 unpackaged outside the fridge. However, there were considerable differences between the 6 inside the refrigerator and other three batches. On the other hand, Hugh unit can be compared with indicator of the quality. Thus, although there were differences between all groups, there was a significant difference between samples which were inside the fridge and those which were outside the fridge. The other measured trait was yolk color index. In this index the only significant difference observed in 30 outside refrigerator with three other groups.The quality of the packaged samples outside the refrigerator was lower than unpackaged samples in regard of their lower sell volume and higher time they rest in the market. Quality assessment had done according to 4 bases: Sensorial, physical (shell thickness, shell strength, percentage of breakage, weight), chemical and bacterial (virus, bacteria, fungus).Samples which completed cold cycle until the sell time and those were in natural temperature at sell time were compared according to their package size and the effect of these situations. Results showed that cold cycle has considerable positive effect on the speed of reducing quality and also packages, especially small packages, have positive effect on quality of products released in market.

In this study, Spirulina has been cultured in semi mass scale in greenhouse in order to control light and temperature. Since, maximum growth of Spirulina had been observed; they harvested and dried to produce Spirulina powder. Its chemical composition had been analyzed by common methods, then fatty acid and aminoacid profile had been taken by gass chromatography and HPLC device. Also the amount of chlorophil and astaxantine as an important pigments had been measured by spectrophotometry and HPLC. The results showed, protein and fat of Spirulina was 46.6 and 0.1 percent, respectively. Chlorophil was 2.097 mg/ml and astaxantin by using astaxantin standard was 0.21mg/kg.