Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development
Year:2010 | Volume:18 | Issue:3 (71)|Papers Count:13

Regarding to water shortage sources and drought in Fars province, this paper determines the optimal crop pattern using nonlinear utility efficient programming and deficit irrigation strategies. The findings show that full irrigation strategies not the best way of maximizing utility, hence harvesting Corn1 and Corn7 is more efficient than planting rice. On the other hand this research shows releasing Drodzan dam water not to be efficient at the planting years of 2005-2006.

In this study, three indices of efficiency advantage, scale advantage and integrated advantage (as a comprehensive index of comparative advantage) for irrigated crops of Mazandaran province has been examined. Results suggest that production of these crops in towns would have scale advantage, efficiency advantage and integrated advantage in 63.44, 48.38 and 55.91 percent of cases respectively, relative to the average of the province. Mazandaran has scale advantage in paddy, watermelon, soybean and canola and efficiency advantage in wheat, barley, paddy, beans, lentil, cotton, tomato, melon, watermelon, cucumber, alfalfa, maize, clover, soybean and canola production in comparison with the average of the country. There is a high correlation between integrated advantage index and scale advantage in comparison with the average of the country.

In this study, through documents and statistics of 2001 to 2005, orange domestic market in north is inspected via marketing criteria. The results indicate high proportion of brokers in purchasing the product, low proportion of the final price for the producer, high coefficient of marketing expenditure, high proportion of wholesale and raise of wholesale margin, high profit of marketing process of wholesalers, high proportion of marketing expenditure for producer and the obvious role of wholesalers in market deficiency. So change in marketing system of orange with support and cooperation of gardener, founding equipped marketing service centers, developing processing industries, market adjustment through storing and applying seasonal tariffs are emphasized.

Iran accounts for more than 50 percent of pistachio world market, having a leading role in price formation process of pistachio in international market. The objective of this study is to investigate the price transmission pattern between domestic and world markets of pistachio. Regarding the applied dataset analyses were performed in two parts of time series (1972-2005) and panel data (1989-2005). Examination of causality between domestic and world prices showed a long run reciprocal relation between them. Analyses based on the times series data showed a long run symmetric price transmission in both of domestic and world markets. However, price transmission pattern was found asymmetric in short run, showing a more rapid and perfect transmission of price decrease as compared to price increase. Based on the results, increase in Iran’s share in world market may lead to increase in magnitude of price transmission to domestic market. The panel estimation results showed that changes in combination of Iranian pistachio importing countries in form of reduction in their multiplicity and increase in their market share as well as reduction in Iran’s market share has resulted in symmetric price transmission between domestic and world markets. Estimation of price transmissions showed that domestic market response to world prices is more considerable than world market prices to domestic ones.

Agricultural input marketing is among the subject that has not been studied deeply in Iran. This paper aims to study marketing of agriculture inputs (fertilizer, seed and pesticide) in Marvdasht district of Fars province. The data obtained by using documentary and survey methods in 2007-2008. A sample of 50 farmers, 23 retailers and 10 wholesalers was selected for study. Different marketing channels of agricultural inputs were studied. The findings revealed that in the case of seed, marketing margins involving public and private sector account for 15% and 30% of price paid by consumers, respectively. In the case of fertilizer the corresponding figures for public and private sectors were 15% and 80%, respectively. Also pesticide marketing margin for public and private sectors was accounted about 25% and 50% of price paid by consumer, respectively.

According to the diversity of climate condition, each of country regions has comparative advantage in production of some crops. So main goal of current study is identification of comparative advantage for cultivated crops in Razavi Khorasan province and each its counties by emphasizing water. For this purpose, three indicators (DRC, SCB, and NSP), shadow price of inputs and crops are used. Required information and data are extracted of a project, agricultural Jahad comprehensive questionnaire, water department, and FAO and Comtrade sites. Therefore, county and crop priorities are made.According to results of DRC and SCB, the most comparative advantage was for non water crops whereas according to NSP, the most comparative advantage was for water crops in Razavi Khorasan province.

Productivity has a crucial role in the growth of production and increases competitions among countries. In this paper, the trend of the growth of total factors productivity in Iran’s three major sectors (industry and mining, agriculture and transport) during 1989-2004 (the first, the second and the third development plans) was studied. For this purpose, Malmquist Productivity Index was used. The results showed that the growth of total factors productivity in the agricultural sector during that period was positive and due to changes in technology and the growth of total factors productivity in the transportation sector was negative and due to changes in technology. While in the industry and mining sector both factors i.e. changes in technical efficiency and changes in technology, improved the total factors productivity and the growth of productivity in this sector was more than those in other two.

Failure of marketing structure for agricultural commodities and the significant gap between producer price and consumer price are considered as most important issues of agriculture sector in developing countries. So, investigating effective factors on reduction of this gap is vital. This study investigates the factors affecting the chicken meat marketing margin in Iran using monthly data for the period of 2001-2008. Different models including Mark up, relative margin and marketing cost model were estimated and the best one (relative margin model) is selected based on goodness of its criteria. The main results reveal a direct and significant effect of retail price and transportation cost on marketing margin, while similar impact for producers income found to be negative. Furthermore, marketing margin follows a seasonal pattern with highest and lowest levels in winter and summer, respectively.

One of the basic stages of strategic programming is the recognition of environmental conditions. This investigation has performed on basic of External and Internal effective factors on agriculture in 2007 and 2008 by the brain storming method that 90 exterior and 85 interior factors was detected in different groups. In continuous of the research, the environmental detected factors was analyzed and considered by the Delphi of Fuzzy In this case.The results of Fuzzy analysis have shown that exteriors threaten and destructive factors and interior weak points are more than strong points in Internal and External system. Incidentally, numeric weight and area under Fuzzy number relative to the exterior factors are lesser and more negative than exterior factors. Respectively, in writing of strategies must be attended to weak points of inter department than exterior threats. This important can be observant in the Fswot "Fazzy Approach in Strenght, weakness, Opportunity and Threat" diagram.

In this paper by using the last input-output table in Iran (2001) that has aggregated to 4 sectors, importance of agriculture sector surveys among other sectors. For this reason it is used MVA method, backward and forward linkages and input – output elasticity. The results indicate to eliminate industry sector, agriculture's output decrease 8.69% and by elimination agriculture sector, industry’s output decrease 8.93%. Hence there is a reciprocal relation between these two sectors, and agriculture and industry sectors don’t growth alone. By using forward linkage agriculture is key sector and by using backward linkage this sector is in the second rank. Furthermore in (1988-2001) period linkage between industry and oil sectors to agriculture has increased and depending to 3 other sectors has decreased.