ERFANIYAT DAR ADABE FARSI
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:7|Papers Count:9

If the heart of the man whose nature and truth are sources of his being and full length mirror of God is contaminated with reprehensive habit such as haughtiness and egoism conceit, hypocrisy etc, it will lose its purity and be strayed from the main purpose of creation which is the observation of God. It is necessary for it to be cured in light of science and belief, favor and kindness of God and wine of love and kindness which can be realized in pharmacy of divine physicians and sages. Therefore, this article is a descriptive one and tries to mention the reasons for the creation of reprehensible ethical characteristic, mystic healig prescriptions, their treatment. And achieving scholarly human characters, on the basis of Kymiyay-saadat and Mathnavi and the obtained results show its positive effects well.

 «Journey to the End of the Night», Louis- Ferdinand Celine's work, is the first contemporary French novel in which spoken language can be seen both in characters' dialogue and narrative Parts. By writing this novel, Celine innovates a form of novel writing and brings about a great change in both content and writing Style. The present article that is a descriptive - analytic one, deals with spoken language words in this novel. The author has used five Kinds of word in this book. Argot, slang words, interjections, onomatopoeias, and the special words that are used just in the spoken French language. In this research I describe and analyze the above types of words and the ways they are formed. As some of the spoken language words have their special phonological structure, I have allocated a part of this article to the description of phonetic features of the words. The results obtained from this research show that a great number of the words used by Celine in «Journey to the end of the Night» belongs to the words of informal and spoken language and they aren't used in wrriten French language.

Persian and Turkish literatures reflect old affinal ties. Enjoying rich foundations of religious teachings, the two have been interacting throughout the centuries. As a result of such blessed interactions, many eloquent poets have tried their hands at writing both Persian and Turkish poems, among whom, the thirteenth-century poet, Mirza Abolhassan Raji Tabrizi, is, undoubtedly, one of the greatest bilingual poets in Azarbayjan whose eloquent, intriguing chants in Persian and Turkish show his outstanding poetic abilities. Raji’s poems have greatly been influenced by the Persian language and mystic literature as far as poetic diction, imagery, form and style, subject and theme are concerned. This influence can specifically be traced back to Hafiz’s poems. Therefore, analyzing Raji’s mystical understandings/conceptions of Hafiz’s poetry, the present work aims at finding and highlighting the different aspects of such influences in Raji’s Divan (collection of poems).

A Spiritual leader has a high position in Islamic Gnosticism which has formed the important part of Persian literature. The disciple needs his guidance to save himself from any misleads and leads him to reach his wish. Sanaee’s Hadigheh and Molavi’s Mathnavi are such kinds of Gnosticism books that deal with principles and concepts that are rarely found in other books.Hadigheh is the first book that has determined both Gnostic and Ethical concepts in Persian literature. Mathnavi is assumed to complete a way which Sanaee was commencer of.Although Sanaee reffered to the spiritual guide and his high position, Molana did not deal with trenchant analysis. Clarifying both clarifying Molana’s speech in this field and his precious description of saint is basedon social changes which directly influenced Gnosticism, Sufism, as well as courteous development of meditation made some obscure and unsaid Gnosticism clear. This profitable development led to the emergence of such an ingenious person like Molana.

The book being introduced introducing now, certainly is unknown to many knowledgable and pen group. “ship“ is work in verse that associated with tunic prose of unknown poet that is called “Ghahraman Ghahri“ from Malayer city that is sung in praise of “Mohamad“ and Imams in particular thechief of martyrs, “Immam Hosein“.Between poems of this valuable work, in addition to moral, religious, epic and Quranic points, we can observe manifestations of practical Gnosticism. It is represented as knowledge and route of poet. Therefore, this paper wants, in addition to imaginating stages of war of martyr Imam and his friends with ignorant enemy’s, to represents Gnostic points and terms in this effect.One of the poet’s purpose is introduction “Hosein Imam“ as complete human and thoroughbres wise that wayfarers of fact way conducts “khoda“ way.

Regionalism in the contemporary Iranian story telling begins seriously in the thirtieth decade and reaches its peak in the fortieth or fiftieth decade. The regional stories reflect, mostly, the common specifications and elements such as cultures, beliefs, rules and ceremonies in the geographical area. Among the five realms of regional story telling in modern Persian story. The regional story telling of Kermanshah has an independent identity and is almost as old as the modern Persian story.After presenting definition of regional story, this article counts and introduces critically western (Kermanshah)regional stories and their specifications.

Death is the most important event in the life of every person and it is regarded as an intellectual and spiritual riddle of human beings. To mystics, death, this unavoidable revolution, has two types and each has its significance. One is obligatory death and another optional. In the first type, they not only regard death as the beginning of a new life but also consider it as the finality of pains and sorrows of this world and as achieving idealistic world.In the second type, the mystic persons consider optional death as opposition with ego and make it obedient and it is the basic duty of follower. Breaking the chain of dependencies and killing passions and release from pleasures of lusts and being free from selfishness and prides are regarded as optional death.Among mystics, Molana, in the field of death (obligatory and optional), has a deeper view and has paid more attention to it.Therefore, this paper investigates the meaning and dimensions of this subject by relying on his works.

Obviously, Gnosticism and Sufism are the most important areas in the field of classic literature of Iran in which there is an inner movement towards its original source that is close to God. In the course of movement, the follower encounters a lot of problems that sometimes take him away from the main goal. Sufism sheikhs recommended steady "remembrance" to their followers so that they could rescue themselves from forgetfulness and ignorance and arrive at the destination being helped by his leader. Remembering has had special ceremonies. Doing them under the supervision of sheikh, the follower has recited remembrance. In this paper, while introducing Gnosticism and Sufism in Islam briefly, we have dealt with the place of remembrance, its ceremonies, its ranks, the most important remembrance etc. in Sufism literature. Moreover, we have analyzed the points of view of some Sufism pioneers and sheikhs concerning remembrance.