GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM SPACE
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:25 |Papers Count:8

Tourism because of its various effect on both rural and urban communities can provide the base for the progress and development of host communities if there is an optimal and efficient management. On the other hand, lack of a good management and disregarding can make the ground for the production of different social, economic, and bioenvironmental challenges in the host community. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of spatial effect of tourism on the rural area of Shaho in Ravansar from the viewpoints of its villagers. The statistical population of the research included all of the household heads living in 8 villages (908 people) of Shaho 206 people of whom were selected through Cochran formula. The instrument of the study included a questionnaire the validity of which was confirmed by university professors and experts in tourism. The reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The GIS and SPSS software were used to analyze the obtained data. The results showed that tourism in Shaho affects 38. 3 percent of the areas understudy a little, 30. 1 percent of them moderately, and 31. 50 percent of them highly. Also the ANOVA showed a significant difference between the mentioned villages regarding the effect of tourism on them. The Duncan test indicated that Ghori Ghaleh with an average of 4. 49 was the highest in the fourth rank. Three villages of Tazehabad (M=2. 66), Shabankareh (M=2. 68), Benchaleh (2. 81) were placed in rank three. Ghalehgah (M=1. 88), Chelaneh (M=1. 90), Deh Leili (M=2. 00) were put in the second rank, and Bezgorah (M=1. 27) was finally in the first rank.

In this research, the breadth of capacity, ecotourism and sports ecotourism of the protected area of Khayyz have been studied to achieve the development of sustainable ecotourism. In the same way, after providing information and analyzing them through the GIS and using the linear mixed method, the area of the zones of each ecotourism activity was determined and then using the obtained information and theoretical foundations related to the capacity of the board, the threshold of ecotourism tolerance and sports ecotourism activities were calculated at three levels: physical, real and effective. According to the obtained results, 60. 5% of the total area was considered suitable for ecotourism. This zone which includes 24. 5% of land has a very good area. Also, a very good area with 2420145 people, with the highest physical range, and 56278, has the most realistic range. The largest practical area of ecotourism activity is located in the middle zone with an area of 3358/24 acres and it is the indicator of the fact that the southern hemisphere is relatively powerful as far as the sports tourism is concerned. Out of the sports ecotourism activities, climbing activities have the highest capacity in a good area. This increase is due to the favorable environmental and ecological conditions and the greater area of these zones. Finally, studying the existing tourism situation and assessing the region indicates that the lack of attention to the threshold of environmental sustainability in the protected area of southern Khayzis can endanger the stability of the area in a short period of time.

Today, the majority of villagers experience an economic slump because of low income, unemployment and so on. Rural tourism can help rural development a lot. However, for achieving this purpose, it is necessary to have a good governance. Good governance and rural tourism are integral pillars for innovation in rural tourism and ultimately for its success. This paper investigated the governance of the development of rural tourism in the town of Nir in Ardabil province in Iran through a stakeholders’ workshop where success factors for rural tourism in rural development were categorized as: governance, human resources, investments, research, marketing, communication and co-ordination. This study is descriptive-analytical in terms of research methods, practical in terms of nature and library and field kind of research in terms of the type of data collection. The statistical population of this research included rural areas of Saghezchi and Korabaslou (with tourists) as well as rural areas of Rezagholi Gheshlaghi and Shirin Bolagh (without tourists). The sample size of the study was determined based on the Cochran’ s formula. 250 questionnaires were distributed among the people who lived in villages with tourists while 250 other questionnaires were given to the people whose villages did not have any tourists. The required data were collected through questionnaires and the content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts. Also the reliability of them was determined based on Cronbach's alpha which was estimated 0. 92. The results of the T test showed that there was a statistically significant effect of good governance indexes on rural tourism development (P= 000. 0). In addition, the results of this research showed that the majority of tourism rural areas exist in the villages with no tourists as far as the perspectives of governance indexes are regarded. However, in the rural areas where there are tourists, some variables like responsibility, justice, law, efficacy and effectiveness exist under an improper condition. Therefore, the improvement of governance indexes can cause the improvement of rural areas in all aspects, especially economy and rural tourism.

Eco-tourism, as one of the branches of the tourism industry, accounts for approximately 27% of international journeys, and if managed appropriately, it can lead to local employment, local development opportunities, and the preservation of natural environments. With its beautiful, lush and unique nature, Phenjazareh district has more than 10 diverse and valuable natural attractions which are very useful in the tourism industry as important economic resources. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of pine forest on economic development of Phenjazareh district. The research method of this case study is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and experts of public and private organizations and institutions who were active in the field of tourism in Behshahr. Using snowball method, 70 people were selected through targeted sampling. The instrument of measurement in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire the content validity and reliability of which was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 886. For analyzing the data, the SPSS software was used to confirm the assumptions of the study. The Chi-square test was used. The findings of the research showed that the development of rural tourism has a positive and significant effect on creating and increasing employment, raising the income level of the people and increasing the amount of investment in Phenjazareh district. Also, the results showed that the village has a decent status in terms of natural resources, attractions and accessibility, but in terms of tourism amenities, there are some shortages. Considering the shortages, the government or the private sector can take action to remove the existing problems through a comprehensible study of the region and considering its potentials as well as its infrastructural development.

Tourism as one of the major economic drivers of the present century is considered as a very appropriate and significant source of foreign exchange earnings in the economy of a country. In this area, the satisfaction of tourists is one of the most important competitive factors and the best indicator for ensuring the growth of future profits. By choosing the metropolis of Tabriz as the capital of Islamic tourism in 2018, a large number of tourists are expected to visit the tourist destinations in the province. Regarding this subject, the present study seeks to identify factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists, comparing and prioritizing these indicators with the help of fuzzy DEMATEL model and ultimately making use of the results in the recreational-tourist area of the dam of Amand. This research is a survey regarding its methodology, descriptive-analytical in terms of its type, and practical as far as its purpose is concerned. The statistical population of this study consisted of the experts in the Cultural Heritage, Industries, Handicrafts and Tourism, tourism agencies, and university professors. Among these, the sample size was 24 which was calculated by the Cochran sampling formula. In the study, the necessary data were obtained to carry out preliminary studies on theoretical issues related to the topic of research, literature, research background and identification of indicators. The data were gathered through distributing questionnaires among the experts of tourism. Finally, the research findings showed that the most important indicator is the human resources. The most affected indicator was the security factor and the most effective indicator was facility.

Today, tourism industry has become a leading industry in the world. Many countries have been using tourism attraction factors such as pedestrian walkways to strengthen their tourist destinations and improve their status. Walkways with signs and milestones are places where tourists can read urban scenery and keep the memory of the city. Tourism attraction not only addresses the needs of the pedestrian route, but also it is regarded as a necessity for solving valuable issues such as attracting tourists in cities. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the pedestrian walkway potentials and also to determine the impact and relevance of the attraction and satisfaction of Alamolhoda walking way on tourists. In doing this study, first, we used documentary and library methodologies with a systematic review of relevant resources in order to identify the sidewalk main standards. Then a conceptual model was prepared using a mixed method based on sidewalk evaluation factors within the framework of tourist satisfaction. Subsequently, the researchers measured the physical and cultural components of Alamolhoda sidewalk through a questionnaire based on sidewalk assessing components. The importance level of each component was evaluated purposefully and according to the obtained qualitative data from graphical analysis and SPSS. Finally, these factors were categorized based on the extracted factors to different components. Finally, our results showed that readability and imagery components in Alamolhoda sidewalk had a significant effect on tourist satisfaction.

Management areas as protected ones have suitable attractions for tourist activities. In the meantime the ecotourism concept can be regarded as a modern phenomenon which its main motivation is tourism, observation and enjoying the nature and natural and cultural landscapes as well as mitigating the destructive effects of tourism activities on resources and natural areas. In order to plan the strategic sustainable ecotourism potentials in Sabalan as a national, natural, and monumental area, the FAHP-SWOT hybrid model was used. 10 sub-criteria strengths and weaknesses as internal factors and 10 sub-criteria opportunities and threats as external factors were identified to indicate sustainable ecotourism potentials. The obtained results showed that internal factors with an overall score of 0. 631 were the major factors in sustainable ecotourism potentials. Four alternative strategies which were surveyed revealed that the SO strategy was the best strategy of sustainable ecotourism potential. The survey results indicated that there was potential for sustainable ecotourism in the region. The use of sustainable management and participation of native and local people in this management as well as the development of facilities and infrastructure and establishment of winter sports and diversifying tourism activities in accordance with the natural environment of the region can be effective to achieve the goals of sustainable ecotourism in the region.

Planning the tourism areas is performed by considering the potentials of these areas, and this will lead to greater co-ordination among the tourists. As a result, the effects of overpopulation in some places that will result in environmental costs can be minimized. This research is based on the main objective of tourism capacity building according to some of the most effective attractions of urban tourists and using advanced statistical models. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in terms of gathering data is a survey study. The data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 19. The results of the research indicated that the criteria for capacity building of urban walkways in the province in order are Hamedan, Malayer, Kabudarahang, Nahavand, Toyserkan, Razan, Asadabad and Bahar respectively. After prioritization, the understudied areas were determined in terms of tourism infrastructure based on which Hamadan and Malayer had a very good, Kabudarahang and Nahavand middle, and Tuyserkan weak and the cities of Razan, Asadabad and Bahar very weak tourism infrastructures.