Ebnesina
Year:2021 | Volume:23 | Issue:1 (74)|Papers Count:10

Background: Burnout is one of the most important unavoidable consequences of work stress, which causes physical fatigue, changes in people's behavior, and their job performance. The aim of this study was the mediating role of hardiness and job self-efficacy based on the social support in predicting burnout. Materials and methods: This descriptive correlational study was an applied one that was performed on 275 employees of a military hospital in 2019. Data was collected from questionnaires including social support, job independence, and job self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (LISREL software) and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The results showed that the two variables of self-efficacy and hardiness have a direct negative effect on burnout. Also, these two variables have a significant indirect effect on burnout through social support. Conclusion: Based on the present study, it can be inferred that there is a significant relationship between social support and job self-efficacy. Therefore, it can be implicitly concluded that high job self-efficacy is effective in predicting burnout.

Background: As a traumatic event, war can lead to psychological damage of veterans' wives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and to validate the effective indicators in the mental health model related to Iranian culture among veterans' wives. Materials and methods: In the process of conducting this research, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. In the framework of qualitative method and content analysis, a number of experts and professors in the field of mental health were identified and after conducting semi-structured interviews with them and analyzing theories about mental health, some of the most important mental health topics were identified. After extracting different indicators, the quantitative process began in the form of a survey method. The statistical population of the study was all veterans' wives and 300 of them were randomly selected. Results: According to the results of the qualitative section, 90 basic themes, 23 organizing themes, and three comprehensive themes were identified and extracted. The results of the confirmatory factor model showed that in the appropriate model of mental health of veterans' wives, the dimension of balance in personality is the first priority, trying to satisfy needs is the second priority, and creating a positive environment is the third priority. Conclusion: In summary, the developed model contains indicators of physical, mental, social, and spiritual health. The implementation of prevention and treatment programs for veterans' wives can provide balance in personality, efforts to meet needs and create a positive environment.

Background: Dialysis patients are prone to various complications of the disease such as physical, economic, social, and psychological problems. The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Materials and methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included 30 hemodialysis patients referred to Loghman Hospital in Tehran in 2019. They were selected using purposive sampling and divided into experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group underwent acceptance and commitment therapy (eight sessions of 90 minutes), but the control group received no intervention and remained on the waiting list. Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF™ 1. 3) and blood pressure index were used to collect information. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment has a significant impact on the quality of life and blood pressure index of hemodialysis patients and the results were stable in the follow-up period (p<0. 05). Conclusion: In summary, the results showed that acceptance commitment therapy has an effect on increasing the quality of life and reducing blood pressure in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, in addition to prescribing medicines, psychological interventions such as acceptance and commitment therapy are recommended for these patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the response of ERK1/2 protein and muscular morphological adaptations to a period of resistance training with local blood flow restriction. Materials and methods: Twenty healthy male Wistar rats without clinically evident disease (5 weeks old, 120± 7 g weight) were divided into four equal groups: control, control with limited blood flow, resistance training and, resistance training with limited blood flow. The resistance group practiced squats for eight weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week. Blood flow restriction was performed using a cuff with a width of 16 mm and a length of 90 mm. For Immunohistochemical test of ERK1/2 and histological studies, the left quadriceps muscle of the left leg was removed. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance at a level of α ≤ 0. 05. Results: In the resistance training group, the ERK1/2 expression in the quadriceps muscle increased, while decreased in the groups with limited blood flow (p<0. 05). In both groups of the resistance training (with and without blood flow restriction), quadriceps muscle diameter increased (p<0. 05). Also, the number of muscle fibers increased significantly (p<0. 05). Conclusion: resistance training seems to induce ERK1/2, which is consistent with increased skeletal muscle growth. Resistance exercises with limited blood flow may result in more muscle hypertrophy. However, such effects of the interaction between resistance training and blood flow restriction on the expression of ERK1/2 was not observed.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been associated with high oxidative stress in HIV patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks combined training on the antioxidant/oxidative indexes in HIV-infected patients. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental study, 30 AIDS patients were selected in a targeted and accessible way and were randomly divided into two groups; combined training and control. The combined training program was run for 12 weeks and three sessions per week. Aerobic training involves walking or jogging on a treadmill with a rising intensity from 40% to 65% of maximum heart rate for 30 to 60 minutes. Also, Strength training includes two to four sets and 12 to 20 repetitions per isotonic device, which increased in the range from 40% to 60% 1RM. Serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were calculated using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed by independent and dependent t-test at the p <0. 05. Results: The results showed that 12 weeks of combined training caused a significant increase in SOD level (p=0. 009). Also, combined training and control conditions caused a significant decrease in MDA (p=0. 001), and no significant difference was observed between the MDA levels of the two groups (p = 0. 195). Conclusion: it seems that regular combined training can help to reduce oxidative damage in HIV patients.

Background: Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, several control measures were taken, such as quarantine, curfews, restrictions on the provision of certain services, and the launch of information campaigns. Success in these actions is strongly influenced by people's obedience to the instructions of the Ministry of Health and the National Corona Headquarters and this is influenced by their knowledge, attitude and practice. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of people towards COVID-19. Materials and methods: This study is a cross-sectional that was conducted from late October to early November 2020, using an online survey, from 471 citizens aged 15 years and older in Isfahan were asked questions related to the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward this disease. Descriptive statistics as well as comparison of means were used in the study. Results: The findings showed that most people had a high level of knowledge about COVID-19, modes of transmission, care, treatment, etc. In terms of attitude, most people had a positive attitude towards preventive measures and COVID-19-related concerns. However, the attitude of the respondents towards the actions of the government, the strictness of the control methods, and finally the control of this epidemic has not been very positive. Conclusion: In summary, this study showed that being aware of COVID-19 has led to a high attitude and a better performance among citizens. The findings of this study can be useful for informing policy makers and community health professionals about future health interventions and raising people's awareness.

Background: Iran is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of infectious and contagious diseases and to manage and control them after the crisis. Materials and methods: This was a review study. To do this, researchers used keywords: the crisis, the disaster, infectious diseases, contagious disease, the earthquake, Iran, and the health system to search the data of national and international databases from 2000 to 2018. Results: The potential for contagious diseases following natural disasters is very high due to disorder and chaos. Natural disasters can cause new pathogens or increase the pathogenicity of existing factors. In the earthquake crisis, an average number of infectious diseases transmitted from person to person and from water as well as food have been reported. In the event of natural disasters, infectious diseases will spread rapidly if adequate measures are not taken for environmental health, protection of water and food resources, provision of primary health services, and monitoring the health conditions of the affected population. Conclusion: It is necessary to pay more attention to preventive measures against infection, treatment of infected patients and isolation of patients in critical situations and accuracy in prescribing antibiotics. Therefore, the health system should develop programs to prepare employees, to provide tools and equipment, as well as to plan an immediate response. So, it is essential that the health system develop programs to prepare staff and provide equipment and supplies and an immediate response plan.

Background: Job burnout can lead to a loss of quality and efficiency of a person, which will cause the lack of productivity and increased costs in organizations. Therefore, identifying the effects of occupational stress can prevent unpredictable events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the components and indicators affecting the burnout of Iranian aviation employees, to explain the effectiveness of this factor in them and to provide a suitable solution to reduce it. Materials and methods: This descriptive-correlational study was based on Maslach-Jackson (1996) Burnout Inventory. The study population was randomly selected from among Iranian aviators Results: . Findings showed that individual factors are affective in stress and burnout. The rate of occupational stress in emotional fatigue was 75% and in the personality change was76%that were moderate and high, respectively, but the dimension ofreduced personal success was 32%, moderate, and 68%, low. In addition, the results of inferential statistics indicated that there is a significant relationship between individual and organizational factors as well as job burnout. Conclusion: In summary, in organizational injuries, “ complexity and ambiguity of aviation work” has been identified as a first priority by respondents. It is recommended that efforts be made to simplify the work through a specific job description and a suitable career path to remove ambiguity and also to pay special attention to solving the economic problems of aviation employees.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is the most common endocrine disease in the world. Recently, it has been shown that the amino acid taurine can be effective in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of taurine supplementation on myostatin, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in soleus muscle tissue of male rats with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats weighing 215 to 230 g were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control, diabetic control, and diabetic taurine. High Fat Diet-Streptozotocin (HFD-STZ) method was used to induce type 2 diabetes. A dosage of 250 mg of taurine per kg of body weight was used in the diabetic taurine group. One-way analysis of variance was used in the research. Results: The results showed that the amount of myostatin, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance were significantly different between healthy control and diabetic control (p=0. 001), but in the diabetic group, taurine was not significantly different from the healthy control group. However, there was a significant difference in the amount of research variables with the diabetic control group (p=0. 001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the taurine supplementation can be effective in reducing complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.