Political Quarterly
Year:2020 | Volume:49 | Issue:4|Papers Count:17

This article is an attempt by the analytical method to study two meta-narrative "religious" and "political" and then challenge them in the framework of Derridas Deconstruction, so Derrida against a version of Christianity that it provided in the text mind founder, sole custodians of traditional institutions and the formal introduction of the screw, recounting concepts such as "gift", "sacrifice", "forgiveness, " "messianism" and that Christianity has always belong to the classic discourse. Deconstruction also the narrative that the survival of "liberal democracy" and its political system based on the Soviet Union and the collapse of communism after the collapse, as the end of history, the last stage of human ideological evolution and the final form of government as a screw attempts to in presenting its weaknesses and limitations, giving new meaning to the concept of "friendship" based on the unbreakable brotherhood, unconditional and universal, promising practices new policy as a "community without community" and democracy as original " democracy to come "is.

One of the major controversies among political scientists was the debate over the nature of political science. Some have made it a theoretical construct, in order to be able to provide an abstract framework for an objective phenomenon. But others have argued that political science is essentially abstract-practical knowledge because it was in the wind seeking better city and community management. This knowledge was twofold, on the one hand, seeking to understand the ends and objectives of the government, and on the other hand, seeking the appropriate means to fulfill those goals; therefore, it had both a functional and a theoretical aspect. However, its theoretical aspect has become more prominent today. In Iran, it has provided three full legal, religious, and bureaucratic foundations, in which the establishment of the Political Science School was set up with the goal of educating people to manage political negotiations on the verge of Iran-Russia wars, and better governance of the community and improving relations. External done. The situation that lasted until the Islamic Revolution. Gradually, with the rule of abstract approaches, this knowledge departed from its practical nature, and today it is an inappropriate knowledge that has failed to impose itself on the political, social, economic, and legal structures of the society for its better administration. The article suggests that in order to bring this science back into practice, it must provide the necessary conditions for the return to its foundations.

One of the geographic areas that has attracted interest of international Academic researchers over the last two decades is the Southeast Asia. The main reason for this is the role of China and South-East Asia countries in the global economy and the strategic and geopolitical importance of the region. Given to this conditions, the question is: How much interest of Iranian scholars and academics in the field of international relations and its subcategories have been addressed to South-East Asia Countries? What are the weaknesses and strengths of these researches? The research hypothesis is that Iranian academics have not shown little interest to the research in South-East Asia in the past two decades. Two quantitative and qualitative methods have been used to evaluate the above question and hypothesis. The findings of the research show that the South-East Asia region Compared to the Middle East, Europe and the Americas has attracted little interest in scientific community and published articles are weak in terms of the theoretical approach, research methodology, scenarios, and prediction of the future.

Politics in Ranciere's theory is an attempt to portray it as an aesthetic mechanism. In this way, the politics is not using or trying to gain power, but it’ s configuring a particular world. In this regard, Ranciere redefines the aesthetic nature of politics not as a singular single world, but as an incompatible world. A world that configures a new form of common sense and a new horizons of visibility which, by denying the hierarchy of representations between high and low issues, leads to the visibility of actions and practices that fall under the name of politics. In this regard, the present article attempts to answer the question: "How is the aesthetic dimension of politics in the thinking of Ranciere, based on what components and categories has the theoretical form? " According to our hypothesis, Ranciere, with the assumption of aesthetics, as the Kantian idea of "a priori sense of sensibility"-a matter of time and place-addresses politics within the framework of liberation from the distribution of the affairs. It is a matter of planning and revising the concepts of politics and aesthetics and passing their conventional meanings. In the following paper, after examining the aesthetic dimension of politics through the "proletarian nights" and the genealogy of the idea of "a priori sense of sensibility" in Kant's aesthetic, we will discuss the wide-ranging discussion of politics and its aesthetic aspects in Jacques Ranser's views.

Nation branding in conception meaning way is rebuild, construction and Change of image of the country in outside of the land which perception by foreign people, stakeholder and international public opinion. Originally Nation branding is align of the nation with reality. This is so important matter for countries which passed many fundamental changes in their political, social and economic systems. More often image of these countries always is different from their reality. This paper tries to examine what is the nation branding and national image making and its goals and its focus. Then paper emphasis that nation branding as interdisciplinary theory can provide new perspective and new studies for political science and international relation studies in Iran and later on scholars and students in Iran can extensive use from this theory.

Injection of thoughts, culture making, shaping public opinions, and cultural engineering are concepts which are nowadays of high importance especially among scholars and researchers of cultural studies and in the world of the media. But, today, due to the tremendous progress that mankind has achieved in the field of communication technologies and the widespread impact of the relationship between the transfer and implantation of ideas and ideals, familiarity and acquaintance with cultural media, their owners and directors, and thoughts and ideas that they inject, has become more important. One of the most effective cultural tools, which is used by Jews to inject their ideas and "self-victimization" in the eyes of world public opinion and especially in US, is the use of Cinema industry. In this research, by using a brief content analysis and through semiotics, the three top animation including Panda Kangfokar 2, Chicken Run and How to Train Your Dragon 2, will be investigated and we will show how Jews use these three works in order to self-victimized and to inject their ideals and ideas.

Public policy in a variety of areas likes social and cultural, educational, criminal etc. involves exerting efforts in order to change behaviors. Social marketing is an approach which takes advantage of commercial marketing in social fields. This article tries to introduce social marketing as a helpful approach for public policy. Although social marketing is a process, most of the social marketing models offer what is needed at the policy formulation level– based on policy cycle model-. So, the present article introduces NSMC, a model of social marketing, as a subcategory of formulation level and indicates 4Ps and MINDSPACE models can be used for choosing solutions. These models help policy makers to analysis personal and social situations in order to making optimal decisions for changing behaviors.

This article follows three goals by examining the course of the relationship between ethics and business from the distant past to the age of globalization with a theoretical and historical approach: 1. A description of the historical process of trade and ethics; 2. Explaining the theoretical and practical separation of business from ethics in modern times; 3. The Need for theoretical and Practical Return to Ethics in the Age of Globalization. The findings of this study show that: 1. There is a significant relationship between trade and ethics; 2. This relationship has been repeated in different periods of history; With the passage of time and the transformation of human societies and institutions, although created in the context of business and morality, 3. this relationship has been reproduced in more complex and updated forms. In the new era, the return to a universal moral order has become necessary in light of the ineffectiveness of liberal, socialist-Marxist and human rights mechanisms in controlling the evils of the market system. There is no universal world ideology or universal religion beyond existing religions; rather, consensus is at least based on imperative values, definitive standards, and ethical attitudes.

Richard Rorty was of the most important thinkers and philosophers of the last century that some of his ideas have classified at schools such as neo-pragmatism and postmodernism and some have interpreted his ideas in the following theories of new democracy in America. It seems that the cause of the approach is that thought of Rorty to have originated from many sources and inspire up new pragmatic ideas. According to this, the authors of this essay, are seeking analyzing the concept of Irony in Rorty's thought and discussion of how it relates to the theory of pragmatic democracy in the thought of Rorty. The findings of this study indicate that the concept of political irony in the thought Rorty that originated from important theoretical fields such as critique of modern reason staircase, Darwinism and pragmatism interaction, and also language philosophy theories is inspired, foundations built on a kind of negligence or opposition again certain knowledge. With negative outlook, the logical consequence of this approach, have been salvation from metaphysics, fundamentalism, and claim of compliance and apply the truth in the formulation of the theory of democracy in Rorty's thought. And with Positive outlook, according to an irony concept, emphasis on issues such as the necessity of political solidarity in the theory of democracy, is shown due to the on the nature of the pluralist democracy in the West.

Although Iran has begun the formulation of the development plan 8 years earlier than Japan, 14 years earlier than South Korea and 5 years earlier than China, some of the most important objectives of development has not been fulfilled. The paper tries to examine shortly content research of development programs in three countries Japan, South Korea and China in order to show what the main approach of the development plan in these countries is. This level of analysis with showing the main axis of successful programming for development helps to understand the second step of the analysis the case research content of the Iran’ s Fifth Development Plan. In the second step the article 150 of the fifth development plan of Iran will be analyzed and pathology because it is one of the most important of the Fifth Development Plan. For systematic pathology, first we’ ll search the footprint of the provisions of article 150 of the Fifth Plan in the Sixth Plan, the second we will compare this article with the same articles in Development Plan of some successful countries such as Japan, South Korea and China and the third we’ ll refer to some practical suggestions.

Development is one of the concepts in the social science and political science. It has been changed deeply in theoretical dimensions and has been discussed much based on different experiences of many developing countries around the world. Finally in the context of political economy and economic development this concept and related theories new patterns have been emerged. Now beyond these fields, political development and human development have opened new debates about these theories: developmental state theory. This model is an effort to explain the causes and mechanism of development in Singapore, based on this theory. Developmental state theory focus on the role of state based on the process of development of East and South East Asian countries. In this regards the authors survey policies and programs of Singapore’ s state. In this paper after review on different main theorist of development, they focus on some ideas of these people. With stress on Leftwich’ s outlooks, the authors see the state as the main source and mean of development. They examine the experiences of Singapore’ s state to fulfill economic development programs to show the aspects of this model.

like some thinkers and philosophers(like Foucault and Wittgenestein) john Rawls have had periods of thought. Gnerally, his life of thought is divided in to two periods; first begins with publication of A Theory of Jvstice(1971) and ends by political Liberalism(1996). The first period is characterized by two features): Anunique centrality of Liberal doctrne and liberalism, and absence of reasonable pluralism. In the other words, only doctrine of liberalism is reasonable, and so reesonableness of non liberal doctrines is denied. The second Period of though began with book of political Liberalism and continued until his death(2001). In genertal, two developments of thought emerged in this phase: First, proposition of reasonable pluralism; it is claimed that there is not only also liberal docrin in the society but different reasonable doctrins are found. Here matters of reasonable pluralism, overlapping Comsen sus, the politically reasonable, reasonableness of religon (conditionally)werer discussed. Second, he extended the range of reasonobleness and proposed a concept in the name of decancey. He applied this concept to a certain Islamic society under the heading Kazanistan Which to some sxtend is reasonable ad deseving to be tolerated. Therfore religon potentially can result in reas obleness. Generally, in the heart of religious reasonableness lie elements such as tolartion, deliberation, recognition, intersubje ctivty, dialoug, consensus. Some matters discussed in this article are: 1. What is reasonableness? 2. What means religious reasonableness? 3. Why I slam is reason able and how?

Following the 9/11 attacks, the US, as a part of its "war on terrorism", attacked Afghanistan and Iraq to lead what was called a campaign to liberate all the people from terrorism and direct them towards freedom and democracy. In the years that followed, thousands of people were killed, injured, and lost their homes; thousands of people tried to find refuge in other countries; and incalculable losses were incurred. Terrorism, however, was not stopped and terrorist activities spread all over the world. This costly and damaging policy with all its negative consequences was made possible by legitimizing strategies of US administration. This article seeks to analyze the legitimizing discourse of the Bush administration through metaphor and predicate analysis. The findings show how American officials and in particular President Bush, by relying on hegemonic discourses such as liberalism and American exceptionalism, constructed a new representation of the self and the other through which US practices and policies could be justified.

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in this paper, the role of the Declaration in development of regional instruments and mechanisms is being examined. So far, five regions in the world (Africa, Americas, Europe, the Islamic-Arabic region and Asia-Pacific) have been inspired by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and established their regional arrangements, such as instruments and mechanisms for monitoring and enforcing human rights, including declarations, commissions and special courts of human rights. In these regional arrangements, while maintaining the principles and values set forth in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regional features such as philosophical foundations, values, norms, concerns and local and regional needs are taken into account. For this reason, the establishment of regional arrangements, in addition to the development of universal human rights principles, promotes the acceptance and implementation of these principles at local and regional levels. The present study demonstrates that regional human rights systems continue to strengthen the UN system in protecting and promoting human rights at the regional level and enhancing its effectiveness.

Western modern philosophy in Husserl's point of view confronts a crisis. This crisis can be summarized in "the mathematization of nature". In this project, the essence on nature's truth is to be pure geometry and mathematics. Therefor our real everyday world is replaced by a constructed mathematical world of modernity. This crisis in itself has some other crises which Husserl never paid attention to, including technology. Technology is not a neutral instrument to achieve a goal. However, it is an interpretation of the beings' truth which expresses a conflict to the nature and has the inappropriate expectation from it to be a supplier of energy. In technology, Human being itself is also challenged. He is obedient to technology. Finally the modern crisis changes the relation between thought and reality and results in a rupture of philosophy from human action; so one of the most fundamental solutions of some contemporary philosophies of ethics and politics is dividing of western ontology and human action.