RAHYAFT
Year:2021 | Volume:30 | Issue:80|Papers Count:10

This study aimed to introduce digital universities as a suitable platform for digital learning in the Coronavirus and post-Coronavirus eras. Today, the outbreak of the Coronavirus has brought about dramatic changes in the nature and function of higher education, especially universities. The digital university is the evolutionary approach of universities and higher education institutions in the face of the Coronavirus crisis and beyond. The present study was a review method for systematic collection of studies, especially in the Coronavirus period. The findings of the present study emphasize the digital integration of the university so that all its functions, processes, and procedures are digitally integrated. Digitally defined learning includes components such as digital learning methods, digital learning contexts, tools and simulators, and digital learning support systems. With an emphasis on digital learning, features such as flexibility, parallelism, effectiveness, efficiency, social equality, internationalization, quality, and a new professor-student role emerge at the digital university and create like it. Finally, attention to policy in the areas of education (including evaluation, monitoring and quality of digital education, digital content, digital curriculum, and digital teaching-learning process), technology (software and hardware policies and support policies, ) Structure ( includes digital policies and rules, digital management and leadership), cultural (digital communication management, internationalization of higher education courses, knowledge, and attitudes towards digital courses and access to higher education and social equality), and financial policy (financial management, methods funding, and funding allocation methods) are important. Accordingly, the digital university, as a suitable platform for digital learning, introduces an effective strategy in higher education during and after Coronavirus.

The Coronavirus pandemic has challenged all of society's institutions, including higher education and higher vocational education. Consequently, various policy actions at the governmental and academic levels have been taken in different countries to respond to this crisis. The purpose of this study is to review the global experiences in this field, summarize these actions and policies, share them, and present innovative policy suggestions. That is to help to reduce the effects of Corona pandemics in vocational higher education. This research is a qualitative content analysis and uses the descriptiveanalytical research method. The study collects and presents examples of challenges facing universities and TVET universities during the Corona period and reviews the policy solutions and measures that have been taken to deal with the crisis. Policy proposals collected and analyzed in five areas: 1-Health actions and measures including the production of Health supplies and medical equipment, development of health instructions for workshop environments, etc. 2-Administrative measures to protect the performance of the educational system, including revision of accreditation processes, providing the ground for universities to collaborate with research centers and improve networking with stakeholders, etc., 3-Financial support Includes financial support for students and professors. 4-Socio-emotional support of the university community, including psychological support, social dialogue networks of the university community, the use of tools such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and simulation to provide practical lessons and workshops, etc.

The purpose of this study is to explain the need to identify and develop thematic and specific indicators of science, technology, and innovation in the field of "vaccines and biological products". It uses the library research method, content analysis, and survey research method. This research was conducted in four consecutive stages as follows: 1. All general and thematic upstream documents related to the country were reviewed in order to realize the importance of vaccines and biological products; 2. All general and thematic upstream documents related to the country were reviewed in order to extract goals, indicators, and programs related to this field; 3. In order to identify the main activities of science, technology, and innovation in the field of manufacturing and development of vaccines and biological products, the relevant information sources were reviewed. 4. Finally, the activities of science, technology, and innovation in this field, both by authors and by experts and faculty members in this field, were compared with the existing indicators to meet the level of responsiveness of existing indicators to monitor and monitor research and production activities and programs in this field to be determined. All upstream documents have emphasized the importance of science, technology and innovation and the need to monitor, evaluate, and measure it in the field of vaccines and biological products. Previous research has found only two very general indicators in the field of vaccine science and technology and biological products. The main activities extracted from the reference and reliable specialized information sources in the field of vaccines and biological products were more than 100 cases. The structure and content of all upstream documents include general and macro orientations, policies, requirements and indicators. Therefore, there was not enough opportunity or necessity to pay attention and to describe in more detail the indicators of science, technology and innovation required by each of the thematic and important scientific sections, including very important, pivotal and strategic sections such as "vaccines and biological products" in these documents. Using only 2 very general indicators, it is not possible to evaluate and monitor more than 100 main activities in this field. The vaccine and biological products sector of the country also seeks to develop specific indicators of science, technology and innovation in order to achieve alignment with other sectors and in order to achieve the goals of upstream documents. Overall, experts and faculty members believed that existing and macro indicators of science, technology, and innovation did not at all meet our need to evaluate, monitor, and continuously evaluate activities in the field of "vaccines and biological products". Also, it is suggested that a study must be conducted to identify and develop indicators of science, technology and innovation in the field of vaccines and biological products.

In the last four decades, the commercialization of scientific research has become a common global discourse of science and technology management. In Iran, too, the proponents and opponents of this discourse have been debating in terms of theory and operation for nearly a decade. It seems that a trans-temporal and trans-spatial view of science and its commercialization has dominated this discourse. This paper shows that the commercialization of scientific research is a context-based phenomenon. This phenomenon has taken place over a hundred years of evolution in the organization of science in the United States and the world. From this, we conclude that the appropriate theoretical framework for entering the discourse of commercialization, and also analysis of the situation in Iran, should pay attention to the Time-Location dependent of that. In this regard, we propose a suitable conceptual framework for analyzing the situation in Iran. The method used in this paper is the theoretical-philosophical analysis. Finally, to the extent that the available documents and information allow, we assessed the context conditions for the commercialization of scientific research in Iran.

This study aims to identify key factors in the interaction and collaboration development between the defense industry and universities. The present study is a descriptive study that uses the descriptiveinferential method. The required data were collected by referring to valid databases and using library and cyberspace resources. The study identifies four key factors (The architecture of interaction, knowledge, social, and cooperation success) as the main factors and nineteen sub-factors affecting the relations between the defense industry and universities. The results showed that the only sure way to increase the capabilities of the defense industry is to take a proactive approach in the face of environmental changes. Accordingly, to deal more effectively with new paradigms and crises that make it difficult to provide proper service, industries must increase their learning and scientific and practical abilities by pre-emptive action, continuous monitoring of environmental developments and new technologies, and in interaction with universities.

Experience and studies conducted around the world show that in order to succeed in the process of management and development of today's cities with various problems and defects in physical, social, cultural, and economic dimensions, it is necessary for citizens to have real and sustainable participation in urban affairs. This paper is presented to provide a perceptual framework on the process of public participation in urban planning. Our approach is to adapt this paper to different countries in order to introduce the concept of real participation in achieving sustainable urban development. For this purpose, after presenting the concepts and models of participation and reviewing the case examples of participation in the world, the problems and obstacles of participation programs in Iran is examined. The adopted research methodology is the review of the collection of information from selected books and other sources, being explored through descriptive and comparative-analytical methods. T he results show that some developed countries in the world have been able to succeed in implementing real partnership projects and sustainable urban development by adopting policies and strategies such as education, transparency, trust in citizens, etc. But in contrast, in Iran, this is with various problems such as; Mutual distrust between citizens and city managers, incompatibility of citizens' priorities with the proposed programs, inconsistency of executive institutions with each other, economic problems, lack of effective education, etc., which leads to the failure of executive plans and programs and also keeps them depended and relying on the center.

The present study aims to improve the ability of librarians to improve citizenship behavior in libraries by using moral intelligence and social capital. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection, which was done by survey method. The research population consists of all librarians working in public libraries of Markazi province in 2019 and the statistical sample of the research is randomly selected. Data collection tools included the moral intelligence of Lenick and Kiel (2005), the citizenship behavior of Podsakoff, Mackenzie and Boomer (1996), and the social capital of Nahapit and Gushal (1998). To determine the validity of the questionnaire, sampling adequacy index and Bartlett test were used and to determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and divergent validity were used. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for natural data distribution, Levin test for data variance homogeneity, as well as multiple regression analysis and SEM tests to investigate the effect of observed variables on latent variables. There is a significant relationship between librarians' moral intelligence with organizational citizenship behavior and social capital of libraries. The results of the research model indicate the necessary fit and effectiveness and predict the effectiveness of moral intelligence. Librarians focused on organizational citizenship behavior and its role on the social capital of libraries.

Purpose: The study aims to investigate the situation and evaluate the structural and content features of the website of reputable publications of the Ministry of Education. That is to identify strengths and weaknesses and to improve the quality and quantity of publications and their compliance with the necessary standards. Methodology: The research method is survey-descriptive, with an evaluative and webometric approach. The statistical population of the present study is website 1060, the title of a valid journal of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, which has been registered in the integrated journal evaluation system until September 2020. Finding and Conclusion: The findings indicate that more than 85% of the publications are in Persian and affiliated with government organizations. Physical characteristics are considered more than content characteristics and less attention is paid to the index of indexing in reputable professional and scientific databases that help to promote the international position of the country. Also, the announcement of the judging process, which is very important from the authors' point of view, has not been properly observed. Only 10% of the publications were ranked "A" in terms of scores, but on the other hand, more than 75% of the publications were ranked "B", which with principled policy and compliance by the relevant authorities, it is hoped that in the future they get higher rank.

Blockchain is a fundamental technology; that has changed the digital world. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the evolution of e-commerce in the blockchain era. This article uses reports on the development of smart contract applications in the e-commerce environment and provides an overview of five applications including smart contracts in digital asset sales and capital markets, smart contracts for supply chain management, and record-keeping, Smart for Government and E-Cities, Smart Contracts for Real Estate Registration, and Smart Contracts for Empowering Independent Identity. Moreover, it explains how blockchain has transformed the e-commerce environment by playing a role in smart contracts. This article examines the issue with a descriptive-analytical approach. Studies have shown that blockchain is a distributed, decentralized and anti-invasive digital recording of transactions (distributed general ledger) that gives contracts high credibility, trust and security features. This has changed the world of e-commerce contracts, transactions and their storage. Thus, blockchain credibility and trust protocols have restored some of the social contract features that were lost with the advent of the Internet to online commerce. Smart blockchain-enabled contracts provide more security and trust for online transactions than they have for the e-commerce environment over the past 20 years. Emerging applications of smart contracts in the e-commerce environment are subject to completely different legal regimes.