SPORT PSYCHOLOGY STUDIES
Year:2021 | Volume:10 | Issue:36|Papers Count:15

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mindfulness intervention on competitive anxiety responses, self-regulating and salivary alpha-amylase levels in elite Wushu athletes. For this purpose, 26 male Wushu athletes participated in this study and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. In the pretest, competitive anxiety, selfregulation and salivary alpha-amylase levels were measured in both groups. The experimental group performed the protocol for six sessions and then a post-test and follow-up test. The results showed that after the intervention, the competitive anxiety and salivary alpha-amylase levels were decreased, and this reduction continued to follow-up test. Besides, the selfregulating scores of elite Wushu athletes were increased after intervention. In general, it may be concluded that mindfulness intervention could be a strategy to reduce competitive anxiety responses and self-regulation improvement.

Present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness protocol on anxiety, self-efficacy and performance of male shooters. The present study was a semi-experimental with design two groups of pretest-posttest with control group. Of all male shooters in Gorgan, in 2012, 30 shooters ranged in age from 19 to 30 years, randomly assigned to two groups of 15. The training program included six sessions of 75-90 minutes of Mindfulness / Control, and the statecompetitive anxiety inventory, general self-efficacy and performance scale in shooting were used for evaluation, and data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that the intervention of mindfulness reduced anxiety and increased self-efficacy and its components (desire to initiate behavior, desire to expand the effort, encounter obstacles) and improve exercise performance. According to the findings of this study, mindfulness interventions are one of the effective methods for improving athletes' performance.

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of love of sport on volunteers' satisfaction with sporting events. The research method was descriptive-analytical, which was done by the field method. Statistical population of the study was consisted of all the volunteers participating in the Azerbaijan Cycling Tournament, which included 50 people. All the statistical population was identified as the research sample due to low volume of the statistical population, based on the integer sampling method. Finally, 43 collected questionnaires were analyzed. Results of this study showed that, love of sport has a significant effect on satisfaction of volunteers with sporting events indicating that love of sport improves satisfaction with volunteerism in sporting events. Therefore, to improve satisfaction of the volunteers, sporting events should be enhanced by fostering love of sport among the volunteers.

The effect of pressure condition on sport performance has always been one of the major issues of research and Anxiety’ s influence on performance and its underlining mechanisms continues to be one of the main research interests for sport psychologists. The purpose of current study was to examine the effect of state-competitive anxiety on anticipation accuracy and gaze indicators of football goalkeeper with two levels of skill. Two groups of 10 Expert and novice goalkeepers were required to anticipate penalty kicks presented on temporally occluded video in two counterbalanced experimental conditions. During anticipation, gaze behaviors (duration and number of fixations) were recorded using Pupil binocular mobile eye tracker. Gaze information were extracted using add-ons of pupil player software and then anticipation accuracy and gaze data analyzed using Mixed ANOVA and paired t test. Increased anxiety led to decreased processing efficiency (increased number of fixations and decreased duration of fixations) for both skill level groups whereas Anxiety influenced performance efficiency (decreased the accuracy of anticipation) just in novice group, and had no effects on performance in expert goalkeepers. Generally, effects of anxiety in expert group is a support for ACT prediction and showed that anxiety decreased processing efficiency and no effects on performance efficiency. In novice group, Further future research needs to have clear insight.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of type of behavioral brain system on athletic and non-athletic psychological health. Participants included 312 boys and girls aged between 18 and 37 years old. After examining the type of personality and gender system and considering the level of activity in 8 groups. Multivariate analysis of variance analysis showed that participants with behavioral activation system had depression, anxiety and stress less than participants with behavioral inhibition system (p <0. 05). Boys had higher psychological health than girls (p <0. 05). Non-athlete girls with behavioral inhibition system had the highest rates of depression, anxiety and stress and boys and girls with behavioral activation system had the lowest level of depression, anxiety and stress (p <0. 05). As a result, it can be stated that exercise and behavioral activating personality system make boys and girls more psychologically healthy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates, TRX, and combination exercises on motor memory consolidation and a one-month follow-up period. In a semiexperimental project, 40 middle-aged women aged 30 to 50 years old, without having a history of Pilates and TRX exercises, were available selected and randomly divided into four groups, such as TRX, Pilates, Combination (TRX + Pilates), and Control. In the pre-test phase, all groups performed an epoch of 5 practice blocks (each block containing 10 times the implementation of the 8-item 2R4R3R1R pattern). The experimental groups then practiced for eight weeks, three sessions each week, and 60 minutes of each session. The subjects in the control group also had their daily exercises during this period. Immediately after the end of the training sessions, a post-test and a month later, a follow-up test similar to the pre-test was performed. To analyze the different stages of the research, the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Post-Hoc tests were used at a significance level of P< 0. 05. The results showed that Pilates and combination exercises in post-test and Pilates exercise in a one-month follow-up period had a significant effect on the motor memory consolidation among middle-aged women. Based on the results of previous studies and the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Pilates exercise improves motor memory consolidation in middle-aged people. There has been much discussion about the effect of aerobic activity (such as Pilates exercise) on motor memory consolidation. Although researchers have stated that its underlying mechanisms have not been conclusively determined, it is assumed that significant changes in the human brain occur following aerobic exercise. Therefore, these factors are effective in maintaining cognitive function and promoting memory consolidation, which is probably more affected by Pilate’ s exercises.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motor-cognitive dual task on executive functions in overweight elderly. Participants were 30 elderly (65-80 years M=72) of Tehran city. After the pretest (response inhibiation, working memory, problem solving) they were taken in two groups, single task group (n=15) and dual task group (n=15( for 12 sessions. After the last session, the posttest were taken. Repeated measure of ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results showed the participants` executive functions improved from pre-test to post-test and follow up. But the interactive effect of the two factors of group and time is not significant. Therefore, the two training methods have the same effect on the executive function of overweight elderly people.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the Instagram social network on athletes' mental conflict. The research method is descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population of research includes all athletes who were the consumers of sport goods. In the present study, 384 questionnaires were collected and analyzed online on Press Online Site. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 23 questions, the formal and content validity of which were examined using the opinion of several professors and its convergent and divergent validity using confirmatory factor analysis, as well as the internal similarity of questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha was confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the suitability of research model. The results showed that the Instagram social network predicted 0. 461of the mental conflict changes in a positive and significant way. Therefore, this direction's high capability of social media space will be very effective in designing with appropriate scientific framework.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the psychological factors affecting the success and failure of athletes. The research method was survey. The statistical population included male professional athletes in group disciplines in the western provinces of Iran that complete and accurate information of them was not available. For this purpose, according to the available selection, 200 of these people were identified as the research sample. Finally, after distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 172 questionnaires were analyzed. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that a total of 24 identified components were classified into 4 categories of factors including motivational issues, environmental aspects, individual issues and executive issues. In other words, paying attention to motivational issues, environmental aspects, personal issues and executive issues can be effective in shaping the successes and failures of athletes.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the effect of participation in public sports on students' biological health. The present study was one of the survey researches. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The present study was one of the applied researches. The statistical population included students of Fars province universities including public, free and Payame Noor universities in Fars province. These students include students who are regularly involved in public sports activities. In order to analyze the data of the present study, the structural equation method was used. The results of the present study showed that participation in public sports has a significant effect on students' biological health. To this end, improving participation in public sports leads to a healthy improvement in students' lives.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the development of social development of professional football players in Iran. The method of the present study was mixed. In the qualitative section, 14 experts aware of the subject of research were identified as a sample. These individuals were selected according to criteria including higher education and related to the field of research, practical experience in the field of research as well as research and scientific background. In the quantitative section, 196 players of the Premier Football League were identified as a research sample. After distributing and collecting research questionnaires, 165 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results showed that 25 factors were identified as effective factors on the development of social development of professional football players in Iran. These factors were classified into 5 categories including individual, family, sports, technical and cultural factors.

It is important to examine the emotional and cognitive experience of athletes to prevent psychological harm. The aim of study was to compare the strategies of cognitive regulation of sports excitement and psychological vulnerability of athletes in individual and team sports. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individual and team athletes. The research sample consisted of 120 individual athletes who were randomly selected from the population of individual athletes and 120 athletes in the team sports category were matched with individual athletes based on age, gender, and athletic background. The subjects were answered to cognitiveregulatory strategies questionnaire and sports excitement and psychological vulnerability (DASS-21). The results correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between the components of cognitive regulation strategies of positive sports emotion with Anxiety, Depression. Stress negative and significant relationship. Also Between the components of Negative regulation strategies of positive sports emotion with Anxiety, Depression. Stress, The total score of the questionnaire. Positive and significant relationship. The data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis of variance. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between individual and team athletes in the components of disaster and blame for others, self-blame, intellectual rumination, depression and anxiety. The approaches that athletes use to regulate their emotions are important in determining their psychosocial vulnerability, and strengthening the adaptive strategies of emotional cognitive regulation should be considered as a goal for the prevention of mental health interventions and training programs. It seems that the approaches that athletes use to regulate their emotions are important in determining their psychological vulnerability, and developing the adaptive strategies of emotional cognitive regulation can serve, as a goal for the prevention and interventions programs to help the athletes to create the most appropriate emotional atmosphere during competition situations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of physical activity on the causal relationship between emotional distress and leisure and social loneliness of elderly participants in leisure activities in Tehran. The statistical population of the study consisted of seniors participating in public and neighboring parks and participating in physical activities. The statistical sample of the research consisted of 221 individuals based on sample size formula of structural equations and clustered method from different regions of Tehran. The research instruments included standard questionnaires of emotional exhortation, social loneliness, leisure and physical activity questionnaire. The results of structural equation analysis indicated that physical activity as a moderator had a significant and negative effect on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and leisure activity. The results also indicated that physical activity had a moderating and moderating effect on the causal relationship between emotional distress and social loneliness. Exercise practitioners should increase the participation of seniors in providing appropriate conditions for seniors 'sports activities, such as equipping parks with seniors' sports and welfare facilities or planning for various activities such as morning exercise and hiking. Become sporting activities.

This study was done to determine the effectiveness of psychological skills training on the perception of the sporting success of football players. 24 players of football team in Ardabil Shahrdaari were voluntarily selected as research population. The research method was quasi-experimental, and a two-group design did not match the pretest and posttest with control group. The used instruments were the Perception of Success test by Roberts (POS), Treasurec (PS), and Bolaque. Multivariate analysis of variance was used in repeated measures to analyze the data. Due to the results, the effectiveness of psychological skills training for the experimental group compared to control group. Moreover, the effect of time increased the perception of success for experimental group. The calculated F value for the effect of groups was equal to 76. 526 which was significant at the level of 0. 001.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of brand hatred on sportswear users. The research method was descriptive-correlational and in terms of purpose, it was applied in a field and the users of sportswear were statistically. There were 360 samples selected by simple random sampling. Measuring Tools, Standard Questionnaires for Hateful from Hegener et al. (2017), Questionnaire for to Avoid Romania et al. (2012), Questionnaire for to Reduce or Stop Supporting Gregory and Fisher Brand (2006) The Questionand-Answer Questionnaire was a for Thomson et al. (2012), a questionnaire for Gregory and Fisher brand (2006), and questionnaire for revenge against the Romanian brand et al. (2012). For the validity of the translation, the forward-sonic translation validity method was used. The formal and content validity was confirmed by fifteen sports management professors. The reliability of the desired questionnaire was also estimated. Analysis of the results was performed by structural equation method with LISREL and SPIOSIAS software. The results showed that brand aversion significantly avoids branding, reducing / stopping support, negative word-ofmouth advertising, brand complaints, and brand revenge. general, given that hatred of the brand increases the negative consequences on the brand, it is recommended to managers, managers are advised to take approaches in brand management to consider ways to deal with such crises.