Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences
Year:2021 | Volume:29 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Risk assessment is a systematic and essential procedure to determine the effects, events, and consequences of human activities on perilous systems. This study aimed to identify the hazards and determine the total risk of various units of Ilam Gas Refinery. Materials & Methods: This descriptiveinferential study assessed the risks on 18 various units of Ilam Gas Refinery through a combination of Bow-tie and FMEA methods. Initially, the top event, threats, consequences, as well as preventive and recovery measures were identified using the Bow-tie method. Afterward, Risk Priority Number (multiplying severity, occurrence, and detection) was obtained by FMEA. Finally, the risk level was divided into three groups of low, moderate, and high crisis. Findings: Based on Bow-Tie, the release activity of H2S gas was introduced as the top event. Furthermore, tank leakage and burst, corrosion and wear of pipes and fittings, human error, poor operating conditions, and natural factors in the threat role, as well as damages to human and environmental resources and financial losses were identified as consequences. Based on FMEA, the hazard of tank leakage and burst with two effects of human and environmental damages was in the level of high (major) crisis and was recognized as the most important hazard. Discussions & Conclusions: Gas refineries are faced with many hazards due to the nature of the work process. The integrated approach of Bow-tie and FMEA is a suitable method for risk assessment in such industries.

Evaluations of the acidity or alkalinity of solutions are used in many industries such as food industries, medicine, chemical engineering, petrochemical industries, agriculture, animal husbandry, industrial laboratories, etc. Portable and stationary pH measurements are very common and are an integral part of these studies, due to the importance of pH. In most of these evaluations and studies, a solution with the preferred pH magnitude must be prepared. Therefore, it is necessary to have a device that can instantaneously control and reset the pH of the solution. In this study, a pH meter equipped with an automatic pH regulator by instant feedback method is described. This system was designed and constructed to create an automatic pH regulator without manual intervention for toxic and dangerous solutions, which could accurately adjust the desired pH in the shortest possible time. The automatic pH adjustment system is equipped with a pH measuring unit that can instantaneously present the pH of the solution. The user determines the desired pH value and the system decides to use the acid or alkaline reference tanks to reach the target point. These operations can be done in a fully automated or manual manner. The error (tolerance) of the automatic pH adjustment of the solution is 0. 02, which is very small in the pH evaluations.

Introduction: Evaluation of scientific production plays an important role in planning for the promotion of scientific research centers. This study evaluated the status of scientific products of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran, quantitatively and qualitatively from 2001 to 2018 in the Scopus Citation Database. Materials & Methods: Quantitative indicators, such as the H-index (Hirsch index), and the number of citations to the documents indexed in the mentioned database were utilized to review the indexed medical records of Ilam University of Medical Sciences from 2001 to 2018. It should be noted that the data were collected from Scopus. ISID-indexed articles were also used in this study. Findings: In total, 1328 articles were submitted during the study period. The highest and lowest rates of submission were observed in 2018 (n=237; 17%) as well as 2002 and 2001 (11. 1%), respectively. The Hirsch index number during these years (2001-2018) was 34. Scientific products were related to the fields of "medicine", "biochemistry, genetics, and biology" and "pharmacology" in descending order. Moreover, the medical field obtained the most citation (76%). The highest levels of domestic and foreign participation were with Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences, as well as academic centers of Malaysia and England, respectively. Furthermore, 88% of the products of this university were of the original type. Discussions & Conclusions: This study revealed a growing trend in the process of scientific production at Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. Furthermore, the results of this study showed that from 2013 to 2016, with an increase of 13% to 23%, the number of scientific production was significantly higher, compared to previous years.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans, and Escherichia coli is one of the most important factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the diversity of Europathogenic E. coli genotypes based on iucA, iucB, iucC, and iucD genes. Materials & Methods: In this study, plates containing a positive culture of urinary tract infection of E. coli were collected from four treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran. After determining phenotypic and genotypic identity, 100 isolates of E. coli were isolated. The bacterial genome was extracted using a kit. After genetic confirmation of the isolates using 16S rRNA, antibiotic resistance and susceptibility were performed for 10 antibiotics out of 9 classes using the disk diffusion method according to the CLSI standard. Frequency investigation of the virulence factors (iuc gene) was performed through the PCR molecular method and specific primers. Findings: The prevalence rates of iucA, iucB, iucC, and iucD genes were estimated at 95%, 60%, 72%, and 92%, respectively. The amount of resistance of 10 antibiotics of azithromycin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, cefepime, aztreonam, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin were also determined at 95%, 86%, 68%, 66%, 65%, 64%, 51%, 46%, 44%, and 14%. In addition, 98% of the isolates had multidrug resistance. Discussions & Conclusions: The present study showed that the high prevalence of the iuc gene among E. coli strains indicated the importance of this gene in the pathogenesis and genetic diversity of this bacterium.

Introduction: Dendritic cells are very important in basic studies and vaccine research, but isolation and culture of these cells face challenges due to their small number in tissues. Since there is no standard method, we addressed some of the factors affecting the efficiency of dendritic cell isolation and culture from BALB/c mouse bone marrow. Materials & Methods: Bone marrow cells isolated from femur and tibia, were seeded in plates and treated with GM-CSF. On day 3, half of the media was transferred to a new plate with fresh media plus GM-CSF. On day 5, cells were induced with CpG oligonucleotide. Cell survival as well as maturation markers of CD11C, MHC-II and CD86 were investigated by flow cytometry on day 5 (immature cells) and day 7 (mature cells). Findings: It was found that the presence of endotoxin in the culture of immature cells, significantly reduces the recovery of dendritic cells (p value <0. 05). Less than one million cells seeded in non-treated 6-well plates and transfer of cells to a new plate on day 3 increased the efficiency of immature cell retrieval by preventing early maturation and premature death. Further treatment of immature cells with CpG on day 7 was used to induce the Th1 pathway. Significant difference (p value <0. 05) with control group showed that CpG induces maturation after treatment with GM-CSF (without IL-4). Discussion & Conclusions: Optimization of dendritic cell culture in terms of different culture conditions highly impacts the efficiency of immature cell formation and maturation.

Introduction: In addition to stroke predisposing factors, stressors due to stroke complications such as speech disorders, paresis and limb plague, and stress due to hospitalization, inability to perform daily activities cause physiological changes in stroke patients. Lifestyle and use of complementary medicine can control physiological parameters in these patients. In this study, the effect of Swedish massage on physiological parameters in stroke patients has been investigated. Materials & Methods: This quasiexperimental study was performed on 45 ischemic stroke patients in ICU, internal medicine and neurology wards of Imam Reza and Shahid Fayyaz Bakhsh hospitals affiliated to the organization during 2019 and 2020. m Tehran Social Security was hospitalized. The subjects were massaged in the back for 15 minutes during three consecutive days for 15 to 17 hours, and the physiological parameters were ten minutes before the massage and ten minutes after the Swedish massage. Data collection in this research was demographic questionnnaire and physiological list, in order to analyze data from statistical tables, graphs, statistical indicators, tests such as tests tPairs of software SPSSUsed with version 2. Findings: The results of statistical analysis showed that the mean systolic blood pressure on the first, second and third day ten minutes after the Swedish massage were equal (122. 98± 15. 61Mm of mercury(, 118. 24 ± 15. 29 )MmHg( 119. 18± 1 3. 46 )Mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure ten minutes of Swedish massage on three consecutive days, respectively( 66. 60 ± 10. 35(Mm Hg)65. 09 ± 10. 63 )Mm Hg( 69. 44 ± 10. 22 )Mm of mercury). Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the data before and after massage. between the data before and after massage The following results were obtained for the mean percentage of arterial blood oxygen concentration in three consecutive days after massage (95. 93± 1. 91), (97. 20± 1. 49) And (97. 42 ± 1. 39) That there was a statistically significant difference in mean body temperature after three consecutive days of Swedish massage, respectively)37. 19 ± 0. 34) (37. 80 ± 5. 41 And (37. 16 ± 0. 38(Was not significantly different despite the decrease in the mean. Discussion & Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate the positive effect of Swedish massage on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decrease in pulse rate and increase in arterial blood oxygen percentage in ischemic stroke patients, but according to the findings, the effect of intervention on body temperature was not noticeable.

Introduction: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a specialized therapy to overcome emotional trauma and disturbing experiences. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EMDR according to the AIP model based on seven factors of parenting stress among mothers of deaf children in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2018. Materials & Methods: This semiexperimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design using a control group and follow-up phases. The study population included all mothers of deaf children who were studying at the primary level. In total, 30 mothers were selected using the convenient method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was individually placed under the intervention of EMDS for 10 sessions. Afterward, a posttest was administered to both experimental and control groups. After 45 days, a follow-up test was also conducted. The data were collected using Abidin's parenting stress questionnaire. Subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed through multi-factorial covariance and one-way covariance analyses. Findings: The results revealed the effectiveness of the EMDR based on the AIP model in the seven factors of parenting stress among the mothers of deaf children. Discussions & Conclusions: It can be claimed that EMDR is an effective but relatively short non-medication therapy for the reduction of parenting stress among mothers of deaf children.

Introduction: Agriculture and horticulture have always been risky occupations, and the development of mechanization, despite reducing the difficulties of agricultural activities and increasing production, has caused numerous occupational injuries for farmers and gardeners. Therefore, this study aimed to prioritize and analyze the effective factors on gardeners' occupational health in Ilam, Iran. Materials & Methods: This applied research was conducted quantitatively based on a causal relationship method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all gardeners in Ilam province (n=6711). The sample size was determined at 405 people using the sampling table of Bartlett et al. and stratified random sampling method. Findings: According to the results of factor analysis, the components affecting the gardeners' occupational health included supportive, economic, environmental and occupational, personal, professional, and educational factors. Path analysis findings using AMOS vol. 23 software also showed that supportive factors had the greatest impact on gardeners' occupational health, followed by economic, environmental and occupational, personal, professional, and educational factors. Discussions & Conclusions: Considering the findings of the present study and the effect of supportive factors on gardeners' occupational health as the most priority factor, it can be concluded that the occupational injuries of gardeners can be significantly reduced by increasing government support through providing financial incentives, subsidies, as well as long-term and low-interest facilities to develop and increase the health and safety of gardens and greenhouses.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate a period of exercise activity with different intensities on decorin gene expression through interaction with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β ) in male adult rats. Materials & Methods: This experimental study included 24 males adult Wistar rats that were divided into three groups (8 animals per group) of High-Intensity Training (HIT), Low-Intensity Training (LIT), and Control. Training groups trained for eight weeks and five days a week. The HIT group exercise program consisted of one hour of exercise for five 8-min intervals at 85%-90% Vo2max that were separated by 2-min intervals with an intensity of 50%-60% Vo2max. On the other hand, the LIT group exercise program included five 8-min intervals with an intensity of 55%-60% Vo2max, and 2-min intervals with an intensity of 45%-50% Vo2max. It should be noted that the control group received no exercise program. Findings: The results of this study showed that the expression levels of the decorin gene in the HIT training group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0. 001), whereas the levels of decorin in the LIT training groups were not significantly different from those in the control group (P=0. 11). The expression levels of the TGF-β gene in both training intensities (high-and low-intensity training, respectively) showed a significant difference, compared to the control group (P=0. 001, P=0. 18). Discussions & Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, it seems that HIT exercise can lead to a greater increase in muscle growth due to increased TGF-β-dependent myokine, compared to LIT exercise.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (MBCT) and acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT) on the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety in couples visiting counseling centers in Ilam. Materials & Methods: This quasiexperimental study was conducted based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples referring to Navid, Aramesh, Family (affiliated to the Minisrty of Education), Soroush, and Welfare counseling centers in Ilam, Iran, during 1397. In total, 30 couples were selected using the avaliable sampling method, and they were randomly divided into three groups. The data were collected using the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale and Anxiety Questionnaire. Subsequently, the obtained data were analysed in SPSS software (version 22). Findings: The results showed a significant difference among the MBCT, ACT, and control groups in terms of a decrease in the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety level of the couples. However, no significant difference was observed between the two treatment methods in terms of the effects on reducing fear and anxiety levels. Discussions & Conclusions: The MCBT and ACT had effects on reducing the fear of negative evaluation and anxiety levels. However, there is no significant difference between the two treatment methods in this regard.