JOURNAL OF POLICE MEDICINE
Year:2021 | Volume:10 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Aims: The current study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the short-term self and buddy aid training program of the Iranian law enforcement force using Holton’ s learning transfer system inventory (LTSI). Materials & Methods: This study was designed as mixed-method research. The population of the quantitative part of the study was NAJA employees, 384 of whom were randomly asked to fill the standardized LTSI questionnaire. The qualitative aspect was conducted using a phenomenological approach to evaluate the semi-structured interviews with 11 experts and authorities of NAJA in medicine using purposive sampling until reaching a point of data saturation. The quantitative analysis was performed using the SPSS software, and the qualitative analysis was performed using Heidegger’ s phenomenological philosophy. Findings: The quantitative analysis revealed that the transfer of education was most impacted by the organization-related factors (2. 80± 0. 42), followed by education factors (2. 76± 0. 76), and individual factors (2. 42± 0. 50), respectively. In qualitative data analysis, three major axial codings were identified, including issues related to management, decision-making and planning, issues related to the learners and the organization‘ s personnel, and issues related to the current educational system and teachers. Conclusion: According to the present results, it seems that the three factors related to relief education, including management and planning, and learners and teachers, can complementarily ensure the effectiveness of education, so it is necessary to consider these factors in the design and implementation of educational programs.

Aims: Traffic accidents and their resultant deaths are an important health problem in Iran. Among the three factors of human, road, and vehicle in the occurrence of traffic accidents, human factors have the largest share. The drivers’ physical health is one aspect of the human factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the health of drivers and determine the predictors of high-risk behaviors in the occurrence of traffic accidents in delinquent drivers. Materials & Methods: This is a cross-sectional-analytical study done between the years of 1394 to 1396. This study was conducted on a convenience sample of 360 traffic offenders whose cars had been seized by police. Demographic questionnaires and drivers' health screening questionnaire were used to collect information for this study. After collecting the questionnaires and extracting the raw data, the data obtained from the research were analyzed by SPSS software version 23 using descriptive statistics methods, Pearson correlation method, and regression analysis. Findings: In this study, 360 offending drivers were examined. Of those, 328 were male (91. 1%), and 32 were female (8. 9%). The principal component analysis method was used to obtain the main factors of drivers' health. Drivers' health was significantly associated with demographic variables (p <0. 01). Among the demographic variables, level of education, having driving experience, type of job, income level, type of car, history of accidents in the last three years, and maximum speed within the city had a significant relationship with drivers' health (p <0. 01). According to the regression analysis, drivers’ health status was considered a factor affecting the incidence of traffic accidents (p <0/001). Conclusion: Due to the significant relationship between drivers' health and the occurrence of road traffic crashes, these accidents can partly be prevented by improving the health of drivers. Given the importance and sensitivity of driving in the occurrence of road crashes, a more comprehensive physical evaluation before certification of the drivers and periodically after that seems necessary.

Aims: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that helps maintain healthy bones by absorbing calcium and phosphorus. This study aimed to determine the serum level of vitamin D among police staff and use the evaluated results to decide on the staff health and the effectiveness of organizational control and prevention programs. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed for 12 months from the start of the year 1399 in Tehran in the population of police staff referred to Medical Centers of police. With ethical and scientific issues being considered, blood samples were taken, and serum levels of vitamin D were measured using immunological kits by the ELISA method. Vitamin values less than 10 ng/ml were considered a severe deficiency, 11-30 were insufficient, and more than 30 were sufficient. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software. Findings: From a total of 442 participants, 80% had severe deficiency or insufficient vitamin D levels (18. 9% and 61. 1%, respectively), and only 20% had adequate vitamin D levels. The largest deficit was observed among the 21-to 30-year-old age group. A significant difference was seen between age groups (P=0. 001). In comparing different job types, administrative job positions had the highest frequency of severe deficiency and insufficient amounts of vitamin D, and the operational job positions had the lowest frequency. This difference was statistically significant (P =0. 02). Conclusion: The results show that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high among police officers in Tehran (80%), which requires better planning, and appropriate and effective decision-making by the organization's health managers to improve employees’ health.

Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EV) are nanoscale vesicles that were previously thought to be secreted into the bloodstream by apoptotic cells. Today, EVs have been demonstrated to be secreted by almost all cells in the body, which contain valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis of a wide variety of diseases, particularly cancers. Efficient separation of EVs encounter challenges due to the presence of proteins and lipoproteins. Hence, the need for a time-saving and non-invasive diagnostic method with the ability to quantify isolated EVs, which is also applicable to resource-limited situations, can be the major necessities to advance EV-based diagnostic studies. The aim of the present study was to provide a relatively rapid and efficient method for isolating EV from blood as an important biological fluid in humans. Materials & Methods: In this case study, with the combination of size exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifuge, EVs were successfully isolated from human blood plasma samples within an hour. To confirm the isolation process according to MISEV guidelines, three tetraspanin membrane proteins CD63, CD81, CD9, and one luminal protein TG101, were evaluated as positive protein markers and connexin protein as a negative marker by Western blot. Findings: The maximum presence of positive markers and the absence of negative markers in F7 to F9 fractions were confirmed. Additionally, their size distribution evaluation was done using the DLS technique with an average diameter in the range of 100 nm. Quantification of the protein content of EVs was also performed by BCA assay. Conclusion: The present study shows that the combination of high-speed centrifugation and size-based chromatography methods is very effective in isolating EV from the blood plasma of individuals.

Aims: Suicide is a fundamental cause of premature deaths in the world. Therefore, it is very important to identify predictors of suicide. The aim of the present study was to predict suicidal ideation based on the components of difficulty in emotion regulation in suicide ideators. Materials & Methods: The statistical population of this study was the patients referring to the psychiatric clinics in Imam Reza and Imam Ali hospitals in Bojnourd with suicidal thoughts in the spring of 2019, which, according to the latest report, consisted of 233 people. Using the available sampling method, 141 patients were selected and completed the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire and Beck's suicidal ideation questionnaire. Findings: In the present study, data were analyzed based on the information from 141 subjects, 55 of whom were male, and 86 were female. The mean age of participants was 23. 5 years. The results of regression analysis showed that, among the components of difficulty in emotion regulation, three subscales of limited access to emotion regulation strategies (P<0. 001), nonacceptance of emotional responses (P<0. 05), and lack of emotional clarity (P<0. 01) have been able to predict the suicidal ideation score significantly. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that emotion regulation strategies, acceptance of emotional responses, and emotional clarity can predict suicidal thoughts.

Aims: Resilience has received much attention in the field of psychology over the past two decades. The purpose of this study was to predict the resiliency of methadone-treated addicts based on spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence variables. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, 50 methadone-treated men from two outpatient addiction treatment centers in districts 18 and 19 of Tehran in March and April 2018-2019 were selected by available sampling. To measure variables, participants completed measures of resilience, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence. Findings: The average age of men (50 people) treated with methadone was 32. 56 years and the history of drug use was 10. 22. The findings, using step-by-step regression, showed that spiritual intelligence and individual characteristics, including age and history of substance use, were able to predict the resilience of addicted men treated with methadone. > P. Emotional intelligence cannot predict the resilience of addicted men treated with methadone. Conclusion: According to the findings, spiritual intelligence and individual characteristics of age and consumption history are able to predict the resilience of addicted men treated with methadone and can be strengthened by strengthening the spiritual intelligence, resilience of addicted people under treatment with methadone Increased.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits in predicting resilience among a military unit’ s personnel. Materials & Methods: This is a correlational research study. The research sample consisted of 217 employees of a military unit in Tehran in the year 1398 who were selected by simple random sampling. Two long-form neo-form personality questionnaires of 240 questions and a Connor-Davidson resilience scale of 25 questions were used to measure the research variables. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings: Among the univariate components of personality traits, according to the obtained standardized beta coefficients, the components of self-control, trust, shyness, conscientiousness, anxiety, sociability, frankness, humility, discipline and hard work are the most important predictors of resilience. The hypothesis test stated that self-control and trust components could predict more than 43% of changes in the resilience variable. Conclusion: Based on the model obtained, the components of personality traits can highly predict changes in the resilience variable.

Aims: Migraines are among the most important major headaches that affect people's health. The experience of pain caused by this type of headache is important and should be treated and evaluated. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) therapies on the pain experience of migraine in women. Materials & Methods: The present study was applied and quasi-experimental utilizing a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women referring to the specialized neurology clinics west of Tehran. From this population, 45 people with migraines were selected as the study groups by the treating physicians using purposeful sampling. All of them had completed the pain experience questionnaire before the interventions. The experimental groups then received mindfulness and TDCS interventions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Eventually, all three groups received the post-test. After collecting the data, they were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS V19 software. Findings: The results showed a significant difference between the three groups of mindfulness therapy, TDCS, and control group for the variable of pain experience and its components. This difference was significant at the level of p<0. 001. There was a significant difference between the mindfulness and control groups (16. 723) and between the TDCS and control groups (15. 784). However, there was no significant difference between the TDCS group and the mindfulness group for the pain experience variable. (1. 039). Conclusion: Therefore, the results showed that mindfulness and TDCS treatment methods are effective for treating migraine headaches, and specialists in the fields of psychology and health can use these treatment methods to improve migraine treatment.