JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2021 | Volume:13 | Issue:2 (50)|Papers Count:19

Introduction: Pandemics are the most well-known to cause mental distress. This study examines the psychological characteristics of Iranian patients undergoing bariatric surgery during the COVID‑ 19 pandemic and lockdown. Method: Patients were consecutively recruited during the quarantine among those waiting for bariatric surgery or attending a post-bariatric follow-up phase and were asked to complete the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales-21 and a self-assessment questionnaire of 22 items assessing the resilience, change in eating behavior, and emotional responses referring to the current epidemic. Results: About 59% of the 434 participants reported of being worried about the epidemic, and 63% particularly reported of being worried about their own and/or their relatives’ health. For about 37% and 56% respectively reported loneliness and boredom. About 66% was hungrier with an increased frequency of snacking (55%) and 39% reported more impulse to eat. Remarkably, 49% felt unable to follow a recommended diet. Logistic regression analysis on post-bariatric patients revealed an association between snacking, hunger, eating impulsivity, and anxiety, stress, and/or depression symptoms. Conclusion: Epidemics led to incremented psychological distress in patients with a history of current or past obesity, decreased quality of life, and impacting dietary compliance. Targeted psychological support is warranted in times of increased stress for susceptible participants such as pre-and post-bariatric patients.

Introduction: The COVID-19 disease is a threat to both physical and mental health in human. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictability of sleep quality regarding corona anxiety by moderating role of gender. Method: The research methodology was descriptive correlational. The statistical population included people in age range of 18 to 50 years. People who completed the questionnaire online were selected for sampling. The research instruments included the Petersburg Quality of Sleep Questionnaire and Corona Anxiety Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed decreased sleep quality in both gender with the onset of the corona epidemic. The quality of sleep and its components could predict corona anxiety. Analysis of gender mediating effects showed that the components of sleep quality and sleep quality index could predict corona anxiety in both gender, and the predictor coefficients were higher in men than women. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of anxiety due to COVID-19 can affect the quality of sleep, it seems necessary to provide education to people in the community, especially those who are more prone to experience severe coronary anxiety. To be able to control their anxiety.

Introduction: The whole world has been affected by Corona virus Since the Covid-19 epidemic. In addition to the economic and social consequences of this disease, recognizing and influencing the psychopathology of this disease in society is important and necessary. One of the applications of scientometrics is to draw scientific maps and show the relationship between different researches, which is done with different techniques, including the co-words. The purpose of this study was to draw a scientific map or intellectual structure of the subject area of Covid-19 and psychopathology in Web of Science databases (formerly known as ISI) during the years 2019 to 2021. Other objectives have been to examine the growth trend, the most important countries, authors, universities, journals, terms used, and psychopathology. Method: This research has been done using scientometric methods and with the help of co-word analysis technique using VOSviewer software. Results: A review of the extracted data showed that during the period 2019 to 2021, 3690 scientific documents in the field of Covid-19 and psychopathology were indexed on the Web of Science database. The results of this study showed that the scientific map of the corona area and its psychopathology consists of 4 main thematic clusters of the effect of Covid-19 on stress, anxiety, depression and mental health. Wang, Zhang, and Griffith were among the most important and prolific authors in this area. Most of the documents were published in FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH, and the most productive country and university in this field was United States and HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL from China. Conclusion: The scientometrics study and scientific map showed that one of the aspects of the Corona epidemic studied is its psychopathology. Another point is that these scientific products have been published quickly, while only a few articles in this field can be seen in domestic Persian language journals.

Introduction: Cognitive-behavioral interventions are known as first-line treatments for anxiety disorders. However, complexities such as quarantine have made it difficult to provide face-to-face intervention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of video-based cognitive-behavioral intervention on health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity of individuals with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety. Method: A semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with the control group applied. According to the principles of diagnosis of health anxiety in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 and COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, 138 participants with high levels of COVID-19 anxiety were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental (n = 69) and control (n = 69) groups. The experimental group received 10-session of video-based cognitive-behavioral intervention, whereas the control group remained in the waiting list. The research instruments included the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, and the Anxiety Sensitivity Index. At the end, the data were analyzed by using statistical method of MANCOVA. Results: The results of this study showed that cognitive-behavioral intervention led to a reduction in health anxiety and anxiety sensitivity of experimental group participants (p<0. 001). In the meantime, the present intervention has been more effective for the components of health anxiety. Conclusion: Due to the widespread public anxiety about COVID-19 as well as the complexities of face-to-face cognitive-behavioral therapy, the use of video-based cognitive-behavioral intervention can be an immediate, concise, and inexpensive way to improve mental health of the community.

Introduction: Following the outbreak of COVID-19, people started to experience the quarantine situation. With all the psychological, economic, and social implications of the quarantine at home, an interesting topic was differences in the way different individuals have encountered these implications which is investigated by a psychodynamic approach in this study. Method: In this study, using a qualitative methodology based on the content analysis. The data was collected through a total of 10 semi-structured interviews with individuals who have exercised a 3-month quarantine. Samples were taken via purposive sampling in Tehran, with the sampling process started in 2020 and continued until data saturation was achieved. Simultaneously with data collection, data analysis was performed via qualitative content analysis. Results: Based on the analysis results, five principal classes were extracted, which represented the experiences and feelings about and the type of encountering the then-new conditions. These included the fear and anxiety, different approaches to the outbreak of the disease, improvement of the health level, taking attitude toward the patients, and growth under pressure. Conclusion: Considering the emergence of negative psychological feelings, the research tends to provide psychologists and other practitioners in the field of the psychology with valuable information that can be used for prevention and treatment purposes.

Introduction: COVID-19 has led to high prevalence of anxiety in population. This disease can cause anxiety in caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on anxiety symptoms of caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in outbreak of COVID-19. Method: A semi-experimental design with experimental and control groups was administered. Statistical population consisted all caregiver mothers of children with severe and/or profound intellectual disabilities in Razan city (n=88). Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to collect data in pre and post intervention states. A sample of 26 mothers with severe symptoms of anxiety were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group undergon 8 sessions emotion regulation training, whereas the control group received no training and remaind in the waiting list. Analysis of covariance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that 72. 72% of caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities had moderate to severe anxiety and 60. 22% had severe anxiety. Results of analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed that the emotion regulation training was effective in reducing anxiety in caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound intellectual disabilities in outbreak of COVID-19 (p< 0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, the emotion regulation training to reduce anxiety of caregiver mothers of children with severe and profound mental disabilities is recommended.

Introduction: According to the role of Psychological factors in adaptive behaviors, the purpose of this research is prediction of adults’ adaptive behaviors according to the role of positive and negative affects, self-compassion and psychological vulnerability. Method: This research performed descriptively and by a correlation design. Participants were included 284 adults from Rasht city that were chosen by an available sampling procedur. The Clark and colleagues Adaptive Behaviors Against COVID-19 Questionnaire, Watson and colleagues Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Neff and colleagues Self-Compassion Scale (short-form) and Dura and colleagues Brief Symptoms Inventory 18 were completed online. Results: The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that self-compassion, positive affect, negative affect and psychological vulnerability specify 31/1 percent of adaptive behaviors against COVID-19 variance among adults. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated the important role of affects, self-compassion and psychological vulnerability in predicting the use of adaptive behaviors against COVID-19 in adults. It is recommended that training programs be designed and implemented with the aim of increasing self-compassion and positive affects and reducing the psychological vulnerability and negative affects of adults to make people resilient in the current situation.

Introduction: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses and a subset of Corona viridae that range from the common cold virus to more serious diseases such as SARS, Morse, and COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and worry in the relationship between resilience and anxiety of being infected by COVID-19. Method: The research method was descriptive correlational type and the statistical population of the present study included all residents of Karaj city in the spring of 2020, among which 360 people were selected by online available sampling method. Research tools include Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003); Penn State Worry Questionnaire Meyer et al., (1990); Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al., (2001) and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale by Alipour et al., (2020). Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data. Results: The results showed significantly direct relationships between resilience with positive (β =0. 278, P=0. 010) and negative (β =-0. 232, P=0. 010) cognitive emotion regulation strategies and worry (β =-0. 451, P=0. 015). Significantly direct relationship were also found for resilience (β =-0. 390, P=0. 040), positive (β =-0. 270, P=0. 006) and negative (β =0. 200, P=0. 003) cognitive emotion regulation strategies and worry (β =0. 226, P=0. 006) with anxiety of being infected by COVID-19. Indirect relationship effects of resilience (β =-0. 178, P=0. 007) and anxiety of being infected by COVID-19 was significant as well. Conclusion: People with less resiliency levels are more prone to worry about developing the virus and develop negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies that increase the risk of developing anxiety about covidase-19.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and social anxiety with psychological cohesion in pandemic crises, with emphasis on covid 19 patients discharged from Sabzevar Vasei Hospital. Method: A descriptive correlational design was administered and the statistical population included 4500 patients with covid 19 patients discharged from Sabzevar Vasei Hospital in 2020. The statistical sample consisted of 351 subjects selected as a statistical sample based on the Morgan table and random sampling method. The study instruments were included: Cohen et al Perceived Stress Scale(PSS), Leibovitz Social Anxiety Scale(LSAS), as well as, Flensberg et alMental Cohesion Scale(SCQ). Results: Data was analyzed by a correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results showed significant relationship between perceived stress and social anxiety and its components with the feeling of psychological cohesion in a negative direction and among the components of social anxiety, the social status anxiety contribution was higher than others (p= 0. 001). Conclusion: It could be concluded that the feeling of psychological cohesion in patients recovering from corona disease could be a negative predictor of perceived stress and social anxiety and have a preventive role. The individual and group psychological measures on mental cohesion could reduce perceived stress and social anxiety in individual that may lead and contribute to mental health in general population.

Introduction: The prevalence of Covid-19 disease around the world has endangered the psychological and physical health of individuals that may lead to psychological problems due to its mysterious, uncontrollable, unpredictable, and rapidly spreading nature. The purpose of this study then was to analyze the themes of mental health dimensions affected by the Corona virus pandemic. Method: In terms of purpose and methods in this study an applied and qualitative phenomenological design was administered. A sample of 31 individual with no history of diagnosed Covid-19 disease were selected by available sampling method. The data was collected using a semi-structural interview and obtained data was analyzed by a content analysis method. Results: The findings of the interviews were extracted and categorized into 7 main themes (psychological disaster, stress, anxiety, depressed mood, irritable mood, obsession, conflict) and 27 sub-themes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of Covid-19 disease could strongly affect mental health and its serious effects on aspects of personal, family, social, economic, occupational and cultural life is clear.

Introduction: the purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty in the relationship between Coronavirus anxiety and health anxiety. Method: A descriptive-correlation research design with path analysis was applied. The statistical population were included all Iranian adults, from which 598 persons were selected by available sampling method. Participants were asked to fill Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18), Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and the Gratz and Roemer Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and path analysis using SPSS and AMOS softwares. Results: The results showed well goodness of fit to the proposed model. In this model, coronavirus anxiety had a direct and significant effect on the emotion regulation difficulty, Coronavirus anxiety and emotion regulation difficulty had a direct and significant effect on health anxiety; and emotion regulation difficulty also mediated significantly between coronavirus anxiety and health anxiety. Conclusion: Coronavirus anxiety and emotion regulation difficulty had direct and significant effect on health anxiety. Emotion regulation difficulty could mediating between coronavirus anxiety and health anxiety as well.

Introduction: Mental health of individuals, especially children, is among important priorities of any society. Hence identifying and examining the factors affecting children’ s mental health is very important. The present article examines the psychological effects of Coronavirus and subsequent quarantine on this important and vulnerable group. Method: Using a case report method, four sixth-grade children with house quarantine experience for last two months were studied and in order to better understand the psychological problems of children, a combination of drawing tests, including Tree Drawing Test (TDT), Draw A Person test (DAP) and Animal Drawing test were used to collect data. Results: The results of the analysis and interpretation of the drawings indicated the heightened anxiety and fear, low vitality, heightened aggression and hostility, lack of sense of security and search for a sense of it, and inhibition, inefficiency, doubt and passivity. Depressive symptoms were not significantly present in the drawings. Conclusion: The results showed that the coronavirus and quarantine could create anxiety, insecurity, as well as, decreased vitality than creating depressing effect on children. Therefore, it’ s necessary to resolve the child's feelings of insecurity, anxiety and doubt through various methods, such as providing appropriate information about this disease, and to learn ways to deal with it effectively. Further research with a larger sample is needed to validate these findings.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of Coronavirus coping styles and perceived stress in the relationship between social support and aggression in adolescents. Method: This correlational study conducted by a structural equation modeling procedure. The statistical population included all high school students in Tehran who were studying in the first semester of the academic year 1399-1400. The sample size consisted of 352 students on a voluntarily basis and questionnaires of Coronavirus coping style, social support, adolescent aggression scale and perceived stress scale were administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling using AMOS and SPSS softwares. Results: The effect of social support on aggression with beta coefficients of-/26 was significant. The effect of perceived stress on aggression was significant with a beta of /30. The effect of coping styles on aggression with a beta coefficient of /22 was also significant. The indirect effect of social support on aggression was significant due to Coronavirus coping styles and perceived stress with a beta coefficient of-0/17 as well. Conclusion: Social support, Coronavirus coping styles and perceived stress could impact directly on aggression. Coronavirus coping styles and perceived stress could also mediate the relationship between social support and aggression.

Introduction: The aim of current study was to describe and compare the lived experience of adolescents (12-18 years old) from Covid-19 and quarantine during the first and second peaks of the pandemy. Method: The descriptive phenomenological qualitative approach was used as research method. A sample of 12 participants were selected with purposive sampling and interviewed in depth at two stages during two peaks of coronavirus infection in Iran. The information was saturated after 10 interviews, but the interview was continued to 12 to ensure and data were analyzed by Colaizzi’ s method. Results: The results of the analysis of the interviews were identified to 7 main clusters and 11 sub-clusters which were common in both peaks. Also, two main clusters and one sub-cluster were added to others in second peak. The common main clusters were labeled as: exposure to Coronavirus, experienced concerns, beliefs about the coronavirus, changes in family relationships, quarantine effects, coping strategies in dealing with the coronavirus and defense mechanisms. Two additional categories in the second peak were beliefs about E-learning and experience of one of relatives’ infection. Conclusion: Results showed that adolescents in confrontation with epidemic crisis insist to follow their previous lifestyle. Also their coping strategies leads them to make little effort to create a new lifestyle in accordance with the conditions of the crisis. Therefore it is necessary to consider psychological and counseling interventions for adolescents during the Coronavirus pandemic.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of positive cognitive therapy in reducing mood swings in women with Covid-19 experience. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study (experimental group and control group with pre-test and post-test). The statistical population of this study is all women aged 25-45 years who were infected with Covid virus between October and January 2020. Patients were referred to the 5th of Azar clinic in Semnan. Among them, 30 people were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly assign into two groups of experimental and control. The two groups answered the Demoralization scale (DS) in two stages of pre-test and post-test, and the experimental group received positive cognitive therapy training between the two stages. Results: Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used for statistical analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the positive cognitive therapy intervention significantly reduced the components of meaninglessness, despair, boredom, helplessness and failure and the total score of low mood in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Positive cognitive therapy reduced the symptoms of depression in women with Covid-19 virus, so the use of this method can be effective in reducing some of the psychological problems of these patients.

Introduction: The main aim of this research was to explore the self-care behaviors regarding the COVID-19 pandemy in undergraduate students based on COVID-19 Anxiety and demographic characteristics. Method: In a cross-sectional survey among statistical population including students of the Arak universities a totall sample consisting 215 undergraduate students were selected by snowball sampling online and using virtual social networks, and were ask to complete Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, Corona Related Self-care Questionnaire, as well as, a demographic information questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using a multivariate analysis of variance, LSD post-hoc test and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: The observed mean scores for Coronavirus anxiety was low in students, while a moderate self-care behaviors were found. The results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and LSD post-hoc test showed significantly higher anxiety levels in women than men due to the prevalence of 19-COVID, while a higher self-care score found for men (p>0. 05). The COVID-19 anxiety was lower in technical and engineering students than in humanities students, and students with parent diploma level were less anxious than students with bachelor's parents degree. The self-care behaviors in students with 12-15 average scores were higher than students with 15-17 average and lower than students with 17-20 average. Self-care behaviors in public university students were more than non-public university students (P <0. 05). Regression coefficients showed that the coronavirus anxiety and its psychological and physical symptoms could explain about 0. 091 variance of students' self-care behaviors during the 19-COVID outbreak. Conclusion: It was concluded that gender, education of individuals and parents were associated with Covid-19 anxiety and self-care behaviors. The psychological interventions based on gender and education is recommended to increase the students' self-care behaviors and reduce the Covid-19 anxiety in female students and humanities students.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to predict corona disease anxiety based on difficulies in difficulties in emotion regulation and schema mode. Method: The design of the present research was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all students in Mashhad who were members of virtual social networks. Among the community, 238 volunteered to answer the questionnaires. For data collection the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Graz and Roemer difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), the Schema Mode Questionnaire (SMQ) was used, and data was analysed by Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The results of this research indicate that the combination of difficulties in emotion regulation and schema mode components predicit corona disease anxiety. The components of impulse control and emotional uncertainty from the subscales of difficulties in emotion regulation were significantly associated with corona disease anxiety. Conclusion: In sum, according to the findings of the present study, it is possible to make effective interventions in emotion regulation and schema mode for prevention of coron disease anxiety.

Introduction: The global prevalence of coronation and the implementation of restrictions have caused a great deal of fear and anxiety in people in society, which in turn has caused psychological problems. The aim of this study was to determine the role of psychological flexibility and difficulties in emotion regulation in predicting corona fear among residents of Kermanshah. Method: The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The research population was residents of Kermanshah in 1399, of which 317 people participated online through virtual networks. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19), acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used to collect data. Results: The results showed that fear of corona was negatively related to the components of psychological Flexibility and positively related to the components of difficulty in emotion regulation. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that the sub-components of psychological flexibility and 4 sub-components of difficulty in emotion regulation were able to explain 0. 133 and 0. 499 of the changes in the fear of coronavirus respectively. Conclusion: Due to the fear of coronavirus among individuals, programs and interventions can be implemented online or offline through workshops to increase psychological flexibility, acceptance of individuals, and improve emotion regulation strategies.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to develop a hope therapy program based on Islamic teachings and the achievements of classical psychology for dealing with corona epidemic. Method: The method of this research was text-based and content analysis. For this purpose, content related to the theory of hope in psychology and Islamic teachings were collected and content analyzed. Based on the results of content analysis, the structure of hope included seven components of recognizing life purpose and tendency to it, goal setting skills, motivation and self-motivation skills, trust, planning and routing, effort and perseverance, and coping skills. Then, a hope therapy package with an Islamic approach was designed to deal with corona epidemic. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the hope therapy program with an Islamic approach for dealing with coronary heart disease includes eight sessions, ninety minutes, which includes 1) establishing a therapeutic relationship and presenting the goals and logic of treatment, 2) familiarity with the purpose and meaning Living in Islam and strengthening the tendency towards it and its role in hope 3) Teaching the skill of goal setting in line with the main purpose of life and setting meaningful, clear, logical goals, 4) Explaining its motivation and importance, strengthening one's self-awareness of one's motivations, 5) Spiritual motivation skills are 6) planning and choosing the right path, strengthening creativity, planning skills, 7) coping skills, flexibility skills, 8) strengthening the remembrance of God and trusting in Him and concluding. Conclusion: hope therapy program with Islamic approach has positive spiritual and psychological dimensions. Islamic hope therapy with a focus on the meaning and purpose of life, creates a significant spiritual motivation in the person and reduces vulnerability to depression. It also reduces anxiety by strengthening trust. It is suggested that an Islamic therapy package with an Islamic approach be presented in webinars in different groups.