JOURNAL OF LITERARY THOUGHTS
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Rumi’s mysticism is one of the subjects preoccupying literary scholars ‘mind. He developed a school of thought for exploring truth and “the” truth. The same concepts can be found in the works of Immanuel Eric Schmidt. Could it be that he was inspired by Rumi. The article tries to study comparatively Rumi’s mysticism with Schmidt’s works and examine their common features.

Research on different aspects of Quranic influence on Persian literature is a theme regarded in literary criticism as studying the sources of literary inspiration. The three major terms used in the subject is adaption, citation and allusion. The article tries to discuss the concept of influence Quran in literature. The definitions of the three terms are then reexamined. The final section is devoted to a comprehensive.

The vast diversity of the proposed definitions of parody, both before and after the twentieth century, can be an emblem of the lack of a thorough agreement amongst the literary critics about the definition of this literary technique (genre?!). While there is not a comprehensive all-accepted definition of parody, modern and postmodern literatures both exhibit a wide application of it. After a historical survey of the definitions of parody from its first appearance (in European literature especially English literature), this study endeavours to put forward a more comprehensive and more applicable definition of parody mainly based on Bakhtin’s dialogic criticism, Genette’s structural viewpoints, and Barthes’s post structural theories. Parody then can be defined as a deliberate imitation or transformation of a socio-cultural product (including literary and non-literary texts, and utterance in its very broad Bakhtinian understanding of it) that recreates its original subject with at least a playful stance.

The article attempts to study the school of though of Sohravardi_Illumination Sheikh and his concept of Lightness and Darkness. His influence on Persian poetry is then explored with particular reference on Hafiz in terms of individual and social ethics. Meanwhile, philosophical concepts as vice, virtue, darkness and lightness as well as their relationships are analyzed.

Since many traditional literary themes in prose –whether ethical mystical, epic or lyrical are portrayed on verse narratives, it is worth studying them in terms of elements of fiction. The article attempts to answer the question “what are the fictional elements in classical Persian verse narratives?” As an example, the article studies Jamshid and Khorshid by Salman of Saveh_an 8th/ 14th century poet. The verse narrative is studied in terms of plot, character, point of view, dialogues, tone, scenary and conflict, examining the art of the poet on these element and its advantages and disadvantages. The study shows that it has an original, but simple and plausible plot. Natural events dominate supernatural ones. Characterization is usually introduced by direct exposition and the characters are static. The poet uses omniscient third person point of view. Dialogue is of vital importance in the narrative. There is a wide variety of tones appropriate with characters and atmosphere.

It is not an exaggeration to regard Mas' oud Sa’d Salman as one of the top 10 Iranian poets. He is certainly renowned for his imprisonment Poems, replete with trials and tribulations of his life. Contemplating on his poetry, on can realize how outstanding are his discernment, image-creating and especially his aesthetical manifestations in rhetoric. There are two important figures of speech in his poetry: Paromoiosis from figures of word and etiologia from figures of thought. The poets artistic talent is bodied forth in these two figures. They are frequently used in his poems. The present article tries to study these figures in the poetry of Mas' oud Sa’d Salman, giving examples of their artistic application.

According to the linguistics findings, there is a direct relation between the sequence of words in a sentence and its effects on the addressee. Obviously, if the sequence of words is disordered in a sentence, not only the sentence logical stress but also its linguistic role will be changed. The sequence of words in a sentence is not similar in all languages; rather it differs based on the nature and structure of each language. If in a certain language the sequence of words in a sentence is considered and it is in conformity with its structure, the sentence is called an "unmarked" sentence. However, if the usual structure of the sentence is mixed up for any reason, the result is called a "marked" sentence. Writers and poets usually are interested in mixing up the sequence of words in their expressions to create certain sentences to influence their addressees more. Among the Iranian contemporary poets, Forough Farrokhzad has expressed her words through "marked" sentences. By employing this devise, she has been able to influence more addressees as well as establishing a new style in Persian poetry. This article is sought to identify the "marked" sentences in her works and examine their structures as well.

Potential literature workshop is a literary movement based on modern mathematics that rejected the only artistic and literary school of 20th century _surrealism_ and any forms of automatism and unconscious writing. It advocate the use of solid principle in literary and artistic creation. Oulipo is a potential and creative literature that must have the capacity of different readings and provide the way for intuition. Raymon Queneau is considered as the forerunner of the modern movement.

Franz Kafka is one of the greatest writers of the 20th century; The Metamorphosis is one of his great works. It is about a young traveling salesman, Gregor Samsa who has been transformed into a gigantic insect. His metamorphosis into an insect symbolizes the empty, insignificant, and outcast life that Gregor leads. Greg or Samsa’s empty life as a traveling salesman, cut off from family, friends represents the alienation, and anxieties of modern life. In this regard, the research tries to analyze The Metamorphosis based on the Kierkegaardian philosophy of existentialism. In this study, Kierkegaard’s major existential concepts of alienation, dread are employed. This research concludes that Gregor Samsa is caught between two possibilities: to choose or not to choose. The responsibility for constructing the meaning of his existence entails freedom that brings anxiety and finally alienation and guilt.

Louis-Ferdinand Céline is one of the prominent contemporary authors in France. He is one of the famous innovators of novel. Céline could revolutionize novel’s genre by using an informal style and create the works with unique language and features. This paper first studies the informal French in Céline’s works, then reviews the difficulties of Persian translators in this regard. It finally offers an appropriate strategy for the translation of author’s works. Thus, the present research consists of three parts: language and style of Céline’s works, informal words and syntax. It is evident that without having any knowledge about the language features of an author, we can never translate his works exactly. Thus, it appears necessary to analyze the features of informal French before dealing with the difficulties faced by the translators.