Journal of Urban Research and Planning
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:31 |Papers Count:16

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to analyze the influence of sprawl on the livability of urban neighborhoods in Maragheh, It is composed of three sub-goal: Study of the sprawl and the neighborhood livability and evaluation of the influence of sprawl on the livability of neighborhoods in the city. A Number of the sprawl was 6 indicators and livability was 15 6 indicators.Method: research method has been Descriptive analytic that That was used survey method. Data collection of sprawl the city was done through the study of master and detail plan That is extracted from the GIS software. Data collection of city livability was done through questionnaires 383 number. For the data analysis Was used the Geographically weighted regression and multivariate regression.Findings/ Results: Spatial data should be analyzed through the spatial models and methods. Regression analysis showed that the number of indicators are positive and some negative coefficient on the Neighborhoods level. But the positive and negative coefficient on which neighborhoods has not been determined, Geographically weighted regression was used for this purpose. In the end, the results are shown as space in the neighborhood.Conclusion: The results show that the availability indicator in the geographical weighted regression and multivariate most positive coefficient in neighborhood livability had predicted. The results of multiple regression and the geographical weighted regression was different.

Institutions and organizations active in disaster reduction activities have been more focused on achieving a disaster resilient community. In the meantime, because of the extensive abnormalities of social, earthquakes are a high priority in efforts to strengthen the resilience of communities against natural disasters. So in order to prevent further loss and damage needs to be studied in different sizes. A study the development -applications and a descriptive - analytical method the issue is using quantitative models COPRAS and estimate of vulnerability the discussed in Ilam city. The results show resilience in Ilam city central tendency between (0-1) equal to 0.9 per cent and next stage is shown 0.8 percent, near the average urban resilience (686.0) and confirm lack of resilience areas that have been shown below the average. Finally, the resilience in Ilam city the tendency of concentrate low to high, then your cause is close to the average and then need to front. The results also social damage - physical in the earthquake of 5 Mercalli COPRAS determined using the weighted variables in the model and Resiliency in Ilam city, was just zoning. It should be noted COPRAS based on the mean of resilience in Equal to 65 percent.

Predicting intensity and various uses of urban open spaces is an important urban open space management issue. Also, it is an important challenge for urban planners and designers to pursue their goals in urban environment. In a research that examines the use of urban spaces in zone 4 of Tabriz city, a predictive model has been developed using Space Syntax method and Regression. An encounter model has been used to survey the pedestrian movement in the city. Some shortcoming, that is not able to specify the effect of all dependent and independent several research experiments indicated that space syntax technique can develop models that can interpret and predict pedestrian movement in regard to urban morphology, regardless of this capability it has variables and their combination as a factor on pedestrian movements. This study examines the effect of parameters of the integration and the number of commercial uses in the forecast number of pedestrians were studied, it was shown that the influence of both parameters in predicting the number of pedestrians better results than the influence of each parameter alone in predicting that the number of pedestrian, As the correlation between the two parameters, integration and commercial uses at the same time the number of pedestrians; 0.736, and the correlation between them, separately, the number of pedestrian sequential are 0.453 and 0.587. Finally the finding summaries of this study offers a model that can predict the number of pedestrian in urban space accurately.

Social sustainibility is one of the pillars of sustainable development and the key role of social discussions in urban plans and plannings has changed it into one of the most important urban tools and policies. Social sustainability means promoting the quality of life , developing human resources and self-helping to overcome challenges, internal problems, response to external changes and value preservation management. The phenomenon of inequality and uneven growth is one of urbanization problems in developing countries. This inequality in urban services has caused a difference between urban neighborhoods, so disintegrating them. The fading of belonging and dependence, lack of mutual trust and social security. etc jeopardise the neighborhood social sustainability. Today, Tabriz is at the center of attention of planners and administraters as a City Park. This city can play a role in economical development by absorbing national and international ivestesments and tourism in neighbouring areas. This paper studies the sociological explanations of social sustainability using the theories of Parsens, Durkheim, Rig Gates, Wingtoner and others in Tabriz neighborhood. This research is an applied study considering purpose and a cross-sectional survey in terms of time. It's a data-collecting survey study. The data collection tools is a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity has been achieved through formal validity. The statistical population of this study is Tabriz's citizens selected 40 persons randomly according to sampling method based on Cocuran formula. This research results indicate the confirmation of research hypotheses (the impact of urban health, housing satisfaction and urban management on social sustainability).

The first step towards achieving a desirable living environment is identifying residents' satisfaction factors that are affecting the quality of their residential environment. So planner should pay attention to both physical and quantitative index of quality of life and also to satisfaction, aspirations, and mentality of the citizens. This paper measures the quality of residential environment with the focus on new urbanism principals and evaluation of satisfaction in residential units by type of housing in regards to people's subjective and objective imagination in the new neighborhood of Shahid Hematifar in the city of Kerman. The research method is descriptive, comparative and survey. By utilizing one sample T test, Friedman, independent sample T, confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS and Amos software the Subjective and objective data in three dimensions of social, physical environment and communication networks and access modes are gathered by desk and field studies. According to research results, the satisfaction ratio is acceptable. Satisfaction ratio of residential environment quality in single family houses is higher than apartment buildings. In regards to mixed and variety type of housing in this neighborhood, only in terms of relaxation and comfort criteria, significant differences were observed, and single family houses were given priority. Also, the most important factor affecting the satisfaction of the residential units is building's physical features and accommodation facilities. From the perspective of the neighborhood residents, the criteria of the physical and social environment are more important factors in satisfaction of environmental quality than access and transportation networks.

This is a case study on the villages around Sanandaj. Due to the spatial and space continuity to Sanandaj, these villages face challenges and issues that are not so severe in other villages around. The present study is a descriptive-analytic survey with an emphasis on its applicability aspect. It tries to investigate the levels of development of the space economy and its spatial effects in surrounding areas of Sanandaj by using multi-criteria decision-making (Fuzzy-Topsis) FTOPSIS, semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire as well as the information taken from Iran and Sanandaj statistics centers. The statistical population of this study is the council members and village authorities of 24 villages in the surrounding areas of Sanandaj which were selected by the whole number method and the total number chosen was 96 people. The results of the study showed that the levels of development of the space economy in the studied area follow an unbalanced pattern, such that some villages, Babariz, Arndan, Asawlle and Dushan have the highest scores. Also, the analysis of the spatial effects of changes in the economy of space at the level of the studied area indicates the growth and increase of construction, the destruction of natural landscapes and the increase in land prices, the reduction of agricultural crops and the growth and increase of illegal infrastructures and construction.

The municipality has not been able to take the first steps towards building a smart city. The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting urban good governance in the creation of smart cities. The sample is Tabriz Municipality. This research was conducted in 3 stages. The first stage to identify the main components of urban good governance, the AHP model is used. The survey of 10 experts working in the municipality was done. The main components have been identified in 8 factors. In the second stage to assess the importance of the components in the development of good governance: item to be defined by Using ANP model. The survey of 20 experts working in the municipality was done. The results show that among the factors of urban good governance are as follow: accountability value 0.269, the legitimacy value 0.206, responsibility value 0.118, the effectiveness value 0.114, transparency value 0.093, participation value 0.073, conensusization value 0.064, and fairness value 0.059. The third for evaluating factors of good governance and their impact in smart cities created structural modeling.Cause of those 376 Questionnaires has been completed. The effect of each component in the creation of smart cities has been identified in LISREL software. T-Value test shows the internal latent variables (urban good governance) components meet the high direct effect exogenous latent variable (smart city). The other means significant numbers (t-value) are larger than 1.96. The results show very high impact urban good governance in the creation of smart cities.

Housing is sheltered from humans against cold, heat, and environmental incidents, and has a direct link with the climate. The city and climate are two human-made and natural systems that have a strong impact on one another. This study investigates the effects of climatic elements on the architecture of Mahshahr city. For identifying the climatic type and studying the climatic parameters of the study area, the synoptic station statistics of Mahshahr city have been used for 30 years. After determining the type of climate of the city of Mahshahr, using the effective temperature indices, temperature and thermal requirements, the clim ate and climatic comfort of the climate are studied and then the climate of each month of the year and how to comfort the human with these indicators and Suggested suggestions and solutions. The results of the geochemical structural diagram of Mahshahr city are shown by Gewin method; it is only in the two months of the year (March and November) and in the warmest hours of the day in the area of Asayesh. In the warm months of the month (May to October), the temperature is so high that the use of air conditioning is absolutely necessary. According to this form, in the three months of the year (June, July and August), changes in the temperature of the air completely outside the comfort zone, in the month of September, only in a short period of the night (midnight before sunrise), air The comfort zone is located.

Urban justice in cities as a means of urban planners has been dramatically declining and if this is the necessary fields to the creation of social capital to be It's smaller surface areas of justice emerges. Participation and trust of citizens in urban management can be an important factor in the formation of social capital in neighborhoods stating. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social justice and social capital in the city is Ferdosiyeh. Type of this research and its applications descriptive and analytic And comparative relationship and for this purpose, the data obtained from questionnaires and interviews and field data Two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, correlation, regression and ANOVA) was used on spss software. The population, including residents Ferdowsieh city with a population of 30577, of which 384 of them using Morgan table were considered in five quarters as an example.Based on the findings of social justice and social capital Relation to the 0.523 there or in other words we can say that in all neighborhoods other than Mahmoud Abad neighborhood with high Achtmay justice, social capital is low.Also, the dimensions of social capital, participation with the 0.778 greatest impact on social justice in neighborhoods.

In today's urbanization, the city's urban form faces some important issues. In this regard, the lack of attention to the qualitative aspects of the city, the characteristics of traditional urban planning, the role of signs and the lack of appropriate approach to rapid urban expansion and change in the structure of the city's entrance is significant. The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of urban signs on how to develop social identity of youth in Shiraz. The main question of this research is how urban signs affect the formation of social identity in young people. The method of this research is survey and in terms of purpose is practical and method of collecting information is Field picking and library research. The present article tries to identify the factors affecting the formation of urban symbols, to map the correlation between this important and the social identity factor of youth in an analytical model. While confirming the hypotheses of this research, the results also indicate that the physical and social elements of urban signs include perceptual and spatial factors (as independent variables) has a direct impact on the following factors of social identity of youth religious include identity, family identity, Job identity (as dependent variables). Therefore, it can be said that perceptual characteristics and functional characteristics Influencing Urban Symbols can enhance the social identity of youth.

The developments of this century caused changes in some aspects of Iranian life and culture; since the speed of the occurrence of these changes was enormous; it prevented them from adapting to the culture of society and ultimately led to a lack of attention to traditional architecture. The changes in human life in contemporary times have affected all social institutions, including the educational system; Studies indicate that today's school model has nothing new to say compared to traditional Iranian schools. Now, the main question is this: “could school gardens really be agents to transfer Iranian culture to students by the means of behavioral sciences?” The present paper focuses on the transfer of culture in educational settings. Considering the widespread discussion in the field of Iranian schools and the transfer of culture, in particular, the study of the "school garden" - depending on the Safavid period - has been focused on in this paper and Khan school and Chaharbagh school, as the most prominent examples of such schools, are introduced and then compared with each other. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to use the architectural models of school gardens in order to provide solutions for contemporary school yard redevelopment, based on the transfer and education of community culture to users. To accomplish this goal, the quantitative research method has been used using the "E-Graph" and "Space Syntax" tools, and data gathering was done in Libraries. the results of the studied samples were expressed as a pattern.

Hangout is a place for people’s gathering by attending freely to talk, play, get information and rest. The importance of study is to bold its role to increase social and cultural interactions. The adopted method for this study is survey and gathering data is implemented through library studying, questionnaires, global information network and technical journals.After gathering data and collecting questionnaires from statistical society including 100 participants, 44 of them were selected by calculating Cochran formula. The participants are from different social statuses. In order to classify data comparative analysis was used through 21st version of SPSS. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the professors and was obtained 0.87 by Cronbach’s alpha. Regarding of the data, the adopted method was surveyed. The hypothesis is based on this question “which factors do interactions in hangout depend on?” The main hypothesis is “Social interaction in architectural space is based on effects of environmental, social, structural, and climate factors. Through gathering data by the questionnaires scored by participants from different social statuses, the results of hangout increase and growth as a helpful space in architecture and urban society were surveyed and in order to develop social and cultural interactions. Analyzes determined that factors can incense the quality in designing of hangout.

In this research it has been discussed how new solutions can be used in order to provide visual comfort of students and decrease the energy consumption in educational buildings, because the educational buildings are used when daylight exists. For the importance of daylight in increasing the productivity and its impact on the health, convenience and increasing visual efficiency in learning, reading and writing, these buildings have necessarily been considered. The purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of the inclination angle of atrium on the daylight performance by parametric analysis while visual tranquility has been provided. For achieving to goal of this research, a primary school which has a diagonal atrium and is located in the northwest of Tehran was chosen as a case study. Different inclination angles of the atrium based on the orientation towards the solar diagram and its effect on the amount of daylight penetration at certain times in 3 adjacent classes to the atrium with inclination angles towards north- south were analyzed. The calculated results of the simulator software Radiance and Daysim, according to the subject of the regulations of lighting energy CIBSE (LG10 & Guide A) (1999 & 2006) and school design CIBSE (2007), were analyzed and used.Eventually the field photometric examination by the use of an illumination tool (Data Logger) was utilized to compare and validate the analytical results and the findings of the analysis by software and thus the conclusion was presented.

Religion of Islam is considered a comprehensive religion in all fields whose purpose is the happiness of mankind and guiding him towards perfection. The school of Islam is a religion that links human material issues with spiritualties and has never separated these two categories from each other. Quran is the most important source for the inference of judgments, and the judgments of the new issues are inferred by using generalities and references of the verses, and the relevant hadiths mentioned some examples of them, and not allocated and limited them. In this article, by referring to the Qur'an and narratives, the manifestation of the principle of "no determinet and detrimental act" as the most important principle of rights in urban and residential architecture has been investigated. The research method used in this study is a qualitative content analysis method, and the analysis of the buildings has been done using rational reasoning method. In the collection of information, historical documents and texts, library and Internet resources have been used. In this paper, samples of traditional homes and textures have been selected by targeted sampling method to investigate the legal principles such as no determinet and detrimental act in Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning. The results indicate that this principle as the most important principle related to the rights has affected all aspects of the Iranian-Islamic home architecture. These influences are derived from the concept of Islamic law, including neighboring rights, women's rights, the rights of parents and children, rights of guest and the right of construction in the architecture of buildings. Other principles, such as the issue of privacy and publicity, and the confidentiality of respect for other people, such as neighbors and pedestrians, considering the rights of pre-emption, respect for the rights of neighbors in the use of public resources such as water, sunlight, etc., considering cleaning and not to harm neighbors and others in terms of visual, audio and... all are principles that are necessary in Islamic jurisprudence, and all these issues are considered in the Iranian-Islamic homes and cities.

This research aims to study Water governance management model application in urban wastewater usage management by farmers. This is a quality-case study and carried out by field stud method. Sample includes all Persian county central part suburb farmers (Boochir and Mehrgan sub-urban areas) and active employees in field of water resources management in Iran water resources management Co., agriculture jihad organization, environment preservation organizations and NGOs. Research hypotheses were assigned and then a questionnaire designed to collect data and hypothesis tests. In descriptive statistics, it was used frequency distribution tables, average, standard deviation, percentage. In deductive and hypothesis analysis part, it was used one-sample T-test, one-factor variance analysis, turkey test, Friedman test and also it was used SPSS statistical software. Results showed that there is significant relationship between farmers’ individual features and tendency to water resources governance management. Also, there is significant relationship between economic-social and educational-training factors and local society participation in water resources governance management.In farmers’ views, government support has significant influence on water resources governance management improvement. Also there are significant relationships between farmers’ knowledge and awareness level about water resources governance management programs with water resources governance management improvement. Also there are significant relationships between farmers’ knowledge and awareness level about water resources governance management programs with water resources governance management improvement.

Urban landscape can work as an effective element in sustainable urban development in intra-city rivers. Soltanabad river of Shiraz, a potential place for people gathering, can improve sustainable urban development standards in designing the Soltsnabad River margin. The present study is based on field and library studies, using a descriptive approach and the existing evidences on sustainable urban development for designing the intra-city river margin in Shiraz. Our specialized questionnaire was answered by 60 municipal engineers and designers in Shiraz municipalities. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data in two analytic and descriptive groups.Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the construct validity; the Cronbach's alpha value for reliability test was 85% (more than 0.7), so the questions were suitable for the research environment. The following hypotheses were investigated: first, sustainable urban development plays a key role in designing the intra-city river margin and urban landscape. The results suggest that the intra-city river margin design standard, having a correlation coefficient of 0.854 and a significance level of 0.000, has a significant relation with sustainable urban development, since it is below 0.05; therefore, river margin design has been effective in sustainable urban development. Second: sustainable urban development standards (social, environmental, physical and cultural) affect the design of intra-city river margins and urban landscape. The results show that the significance level of the variance analysis test is p˂0.000, i.e. these standards affect the intra-city river margin design and sustainable urban landscape; however, there is a significant difference among these standards.