Financial Economics
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:24|Papers Count:8

The obligations of the state towards economic growth, price stability, increased employment, equitable distribution of income, government spending has faced with rising The government is forced to act through a variety of financing them. In this regard the tax as one of the main ways of financing has always been the case. The present study evaluated computed using the tax system and the systems engineering approach to fuzzy logic modeling and eventually indicator was derived. This study uses fuzzy logic and the share of total income tax revenues in public administration, The share of government spending and tax revenues, the coverage ratio of tax revenues to GDP In the upper part of the explanation of the tax system has been recognized and established economic base, rules based on expert opinions. Research findings show that the average efficiency of the tax system over the years (1357-87) centroid method, which is 0.55 times the average level was rather large The highest level of efficiency in the tax system (1377-79), respectively.

Meanwhile a discussion about business cycles, in this paper, by separating money market into two markets of “saving- deposits” and “investment-credit”, we study the time structure of depositors-bank-investors behavior and will conclude that the structure of prevailing banking causes oscillations in money market and interest rates. These oscillations will affect the real sector through deposits and investment and makes economic fluctuation.Mathematically, it is shown that the banking structure is of the most important factors for creation of economic cycles. Accordingly, deletion of usury as a solution for connecting investment to deposit directly through Rastin Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) banking system is proposed. In this system, the bank provides investment management services and get wage. In Rastin PLS banking, practically risks are transferred from financing sector to depositor and the bank will not face losses. On the other side, structural and powerful linkage between the interest rate of credit facilities and rate of interest of deposits does not allow losses in credit market and only profit in deposit market. This is contrary to conventional banking system whereas if even the investor or credit receiver makes either profit or loss the depositor earns profit.The other sides of pathology of economic crises are due to excessive consumption, economic over-thirst (human indefinite desire), greed, squandering, waste and similar topics that widen the domain of crises.Adjusting the human behaviors as is taught in mystical and ethic educations mentioned in Islam and other divine religions have an important role for practical reduction of crises tensions. Reducing waste will contribute to release of a big share of resources in economy and result to attenuate the domain of the wave of business cycles and relatively will make the economy more stable.

Nowadays, research and development is one of basic foundation for the transition from resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy in the world And provides the creation of knowledge-based activities and research-based. Gap between developed countries and developing is evaluated by scientific research and development activities based on the contribution of different economic, social and political. Scientific approach to the various issues economic, social and political origins of research and development and helpful many problems in this field. In this study, it is attempted to examine influence research and development expenditures in the higher education sector in Europe Union countries on economic growth. This study is performed by a dynamic panel data model (OGMM). The statistical sample used in this study is the EU Europe Union member countries. The estimation results of the model using data for the years (2010-2002) for Europe Union countries show that Spending on research and development in the higher education sector has a significant and positive effect on economic growth. The model also estimated the amount of employed growth and the amount of physical capital stock have significant positive effect on economic growth. Spending on R & D in the higher education sector has more effect than Employed labor force growth rate of physical capital on GDP growth. Therefore the Europe Union countries for higher economic growth should invest more on research and development in higher education takes place.

Market risk is the result of uncertainty about asset’s future returns in market. Nowadays there are various criteria to evaluate the risk associated with market, stock’s portfolio, industry, …. But although these various criteria, have a valuable information for market agents, but not a single comprehensive information about the market risk or stock’s portfolio. For this purpose, "value at risk", offer a unique index of market risk or stock’s portfolio for market’s agent.In this paper all of models based on autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH, EGARCH, CGARCH, TARCH, GARCH-M) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method are used to forecasting value at risk for 50 company with high liquidity The results were analyzed using Kupiec Test. Finally Artificial Neural Network model has a better performance compared with other methods based on Kupiec Test.

The existence of petrol revenues as a Sources of government revenues in Iran has caused to a malfunction in tax system and then the lag getting of tax revenues by government. Therefore, inflation is the diminishing factor of the value of real tax revenue through lags duration. In this research the efficiency of tax system concerning Tanzi theory is considered. More than lags calling to account, the price elasticity of demand have been calculated and this elasticity is lower than one that confirm Tanzi theory based on “if tax system to be inflexibility and long lag in collection are seen, real tax revenue decreases”. Studying data are used quarterly (1: 1369-3: 1389) in this research. The calculated average of tax lags in prepared essay is 15 months. So, not only inflation has increased, but also the real tax revenue is instrumental in its decreasing. Concerning the deduction of real tax revenue as the result of inflation, budget deficit increases as well.

this study Using the panel, corruption perception index, Indicator Economic Freedom and economic growth. For examine the impact of corruption on economic growth Has been used a dynamic panel model and Generalized method of moments (GMM). Sample covers 156 countries over the period 2000 to 2011. The results of the classification of countries indicates that, in groups with high Economic Freedom index ranks, control of financial Corruption has positive effects on economic growth. But the groups with moderate and lower Economic Freedom, control of corruption, reduce economic growth from Different channels. the result by variable stability in Corruption control policies are also visible, As the first group, stability in control of corruption policies had a positive impact on economic growth, while in the second and third group, this stability is detrimental to economic growth and reduce its.

Examining energy as a strategic commodity in the world and analysis of the effect of changes in its price on key economic factors has been always considered as significant. The importance of this issue is twofold in Iran: first, policies in this country as one of the great possessors of energy resources in the world, affects not only the price of domestic and foreign oil products but also other economic variables. On the other hand, for different reasons such as oil price volatilities and income from oil export, economic planners and policy makers in Iran have been mainly focused on the promotion of non-oil exports especially during the last few decades. Therefore, methanol as one of the most commonly used petrochemical products has a high potential for production and export of non-oil products in Iran. For this reason, in the present study there was an attempt to examine the relationship between price of Iran’s crude oil, natural gas, and methanol using IGARCH model and based on the weekly time series data related to the research variables from 1383/10/17 to 1392/3/2. The results of the study showed that the shocks caused by the price of crude oil and natural gas to the price of methanol were lasting and meaningful and were revealed in the long term.

This research is a case study with the aim at identifying and examining the relationships among Critical Success Factors (CSF) in the field of credit affairs in Export Development Bank of Iran (EDBI) and prioritizing them by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In this research the Critical Success Factors were found and then with the use of questionnaires, the view points’ of experts about these elements were explored. Finally twenty found sub factors were divided in to three main groups of employers, loans and services and infrastructural loans. According to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method from experts’ and customers’ viewpoints the prioritizing of these factors were done. The gained results showed that from the experts’ viewpoints infrastructural loans were of great importance among success factors and employers and loans and services factors were located after that. But from customers’ view points, employers’ success factor gained the first position among these factors and loans and services and infrastructural loans gained the next positions. By analyzing the results, the hypothesis of these research were explored and it was found that among the critical success factors only infrastructural loans factor was of great difference in the view points of experts and customers. Also, in the subgroup factors some useful results were gained that they are completely explained in the researches.