Journal of Regional Planning
Year:2014 | Volume:4 | Issue:14|Papers Count:10

Political organizing of space in each country is implemented in form of administrative divisions. Administrative divisions should be considered as an important issue in political system for preparing and implementation various programs such as economic, social, space, environmental and ecological that leads to better management and exploitation of country land. Among these programs, land use planning program is prepared and implemented in order to eliminate inequality and creating a spatial balance in many countries. This fundamental study by using analytical methods emphasized on the role of administrative divisions in preparation and implementation of Iran land. The study has been showed that the administrative division has three important effects on land use planning: 1-Creating a database 2-Establishing a base and a context for spatial planning strategies 3- implementation of the land preparation through decentralization. On the other hand, the concentration of population and activities at the center due to the heterogeneity of field divisions in Iran and the centralized system of government causing the concentration of population and activities at the center. Consequently, the lack of efficiency current divisions in preparation and execution of land leads to non-compliance with the requirements of regional and impedes to manipulate development of land preparation and programs.

The overall conclusion of this study, which is based on comparing the frequency of the wind period (windy) and slow period (Calm condition), indicates that the most frequency of the wind speed is dedicated to the third class (3.61-5.66m/s) with 0.15 percent, the first class (0.5-2.05m/s) with 0.14. percent, and the second class (2.06-3.60m/s) with 0.11percent, respectively. It should be mentioned that the least appropriate wind speed for energy production is generally 4 or 4.5 meter per second in wind projects. Thus, the third class has particular importance in terms of both classes I and II. The mean annual wind velocity variation for levels of 10, 30 and 40 meters for the whole country contains 6.20, 7.61 and 8.37 mis, respectively. In the same line, Zabol station, Ardabil and Kish show the most wind speed but Gorgan, Chabahar and Yazd show the minimum wind speed for different height levels. In addition, this study declared the wind energy capacity of country by index of WPD in different seasons so that Spring and Summer have the highest wind energy capacity but the least potential wind energy production was reported in Autumn. Based on studies, Zabol has the maximum annual production capacity of wind in proportion to other cities. Due to global warming, it is expected that more energy is needed for ventilation and cooling buildings and homes especially in warm seasons. On the other hand, the maximum wind production capacity was reported in warm seasons. Consequently, it is necessary to harness wind energy into electrical energy in order to reduce the energy crisis in future decades. Finally, this study is suggested that the climatic parameters, daily wind variation regimes and wind energy generating capacity for each country’s climatic classification due to climatic variability and diversity in daily energy need and demand in different regions of the country should be studied and analyzed.

Health care as a moral value should be distributed among different group people of a community equally. Equitable access to health services for all people in a community leads to promote health and equal opportunities in the society. The aim of this study refers to analyze spatial broadcasting of health service among provinces in terms of health indicators. This descriptive-practical research is considered 24 indicators of health equality which were defined in the 80 decade. The methods of principal component analysis and cluster analysis have been used for ranking provinces according to defined health indicators. The results of this research indicated that the spatial distribution of health services- among provinces ofIran in terms of health indicators- has been unevenly. Provinces such as Semnan, Yazd, Khorasan and Sistan-Baluchistan are developed, but Kerman, East Azerbaijan, Luristan are excluded. The multivariate regression is used to define priority provinces in terms of health development. Consequently, it is essential that the operating units of health services, support services, counseling services, health centers and human resources be well placed according to priority provinces that are ranked to very disadvantaged, low advantaged, advantaged and high advantaged, respectively.

Study urban network, as a group of dependent cities and related to each other, has particular importance in national and regional planning in the twentieth century. In the real world, the cities and regional areas are interacting with each other. In light of this interaction, a balanced urban system is shaped. Cities, as only skeletal systems urban context and content, are determined and used to establish the credibility the performance of the urban system structure and relationships within urban networks. The aim of this study, by considering the features of urban networks, refers to study process of urban development system of I1am province from 1345 to 1385. Research findings indicate that the evolution of urban systems at the first level break the hierarchical structure in the spatial distribution of urban population of I1am province. Thus, uneven and unbalanced spatial distribution of population leads to non-optimal exploitation of land resources.

The major part of all planning and regional developments theories has been devoted to plan a spatial structure corresponding to the position of each region. In addition to the general conditions of the country, border provinces, as the bridges to the other countries, have great importance in planning. The necessary characteristics can be explained in four aspects of geo- economics, geo-strategic, geo-culture and geo-politics. Sometimes in geopolitics analysis a region can be distinct from the others because of various reasons such as locating along major and international waterway, having rich resources, strategic location and being across the international transit passages. Hence, the aim of this article is to access appropriate planning for long term spatial structure. This plan is based on using of opportunities and weaknesses location strategic and also reducing the geo-politic, geo-economic, geo-culture threats. Therefore, the gathering information of this descriptive-analytical research is documentary and library. The results indicate that Tabriz, as central of a province or in other words as a central core of north-west region of Iran, has devoted a strong concentration of activities and population to itself and while other regions of this province are underdeveloped. In fact, the distribution of population in Maraghe as the second city of province is ten times lesser than the center of province. As a result of this study, Tabriz-Ahar, Soofiayn-Shabestar- Tasooj axis and Tabriz-Miyandoab axis are recommended as an axis for strengthen the spatial structure to East Azarbaijan Province.

Through the development of information technology, e-government, one of the pillars of the state, is tracking to engage with different sectors of society. Undoubtedly, e-govemrnent relation in the rural sector is much weaker than the urban sector. However, many villages in less developed areas are deprived of access to mobile phones. Development of information technology, especially in rural areas, requires a large investment. In other words, it is not clear whether the benefits and results of the development of information technology can cover government costs? Can the use of information technology in rural areas help to improve relations between the government and villagers? And can different aspects of government relations with the villagers improve? Research shows that using the tools of IT can improve the indices of welfare in remote villages. We want to do this research by identifying areas enhance and improve the quality of government relations with the villagers. Population of this research is all villagers who are between 15 to 30 years and live in rural areas of South Khorasan (In Iran) located in the area of IT development and thus have access to the Internet and ICT offices. Sampling method is Regular cluster. The final sample size was chosen to be equal to 389. The data collection tools of this descriptive survey are questionnaire and direct observation. The result of this research shows that activities related to agriculture, civil affairs, and ultimately achieving security in the other aspects as consequences of the spread of information and communication technology.

Organizing the space and rural settlements, as a planning document, is prepared to provide a detailed review of detailed plans for the development of villages in different dimensions. In this study, three methods of population level, service level and the relationship among the emergences of service-rural population categories are used by demographic groups for redevelopment spaces of rural settlements organizing spaces and rural settlements. Details of all 341 villages, in which there have been more than 3 families, of Mamassani County were evaluated. The number of services available in each village, that are published in the settlement papers by the Statistical Center of Iran (1385), such as roads, schools, mosques, clinics, doctors, etc. are extracted and analyzed by SPSS software. In classifying demographic techniques, settlements in population based on the observed decline curve are divided into 7 categories. Based on service level technique, classification villages of Mamassani County to 4 types of settlements has been commonplace based on population. But, it is too difficult to upgrade it from level 5 to 12 and requires a certain capacity of the population and voluntary measures. The same levels of service exist as well as 13 to 18 such as 19, 20, 21 to 24 and finally 25 levels of service and more. This technique, by considering changes to the curve, was classified the rural areas to categories. Through this research, by using techniques to determine the relationship between the rises of rural services with demographic, socio- economic classes were compared to the atmosphere of each class of population of each service level. Different village’s population according to different factors were identified according to internal and external factors (local and regional influence of distance from the city center, access to socio-economic and environmental features of the villages) that each of these parts of the population has some form of classification and certain level of service.

Important events in the last decade of the world’s political, economic, social, geographical and human societies suggest that humans be constantly exposed to natural disasters and destructive tendencies. One of the greatest challenges in the history of mankind for living on the earth is dealing with natural and unnatural disasters and protecting their financial lives faced to them. In this research, according to history the relative position of national and regional information of Ghaen, 31 types of hazards threat city are identified. Then, based on two main likelihood and vulnerability hazards, the values are classified by using the Delphi method to very low, low, medium, high and very high. In the following, risk matrix is formed for crisis management and taking advantage of the AHP model by using GIS software to differentiate risk levels in the red zone crisis and high-risk matrices. The results show that the output of the model 47.44% of the study area have low to very low risk, 26.14% at moderate risk, and 26.4% of the study area in terms of high risk. Hence, from authorities seeking the town need pay more attention to the issue of urban planning and crisis management in the periods before, during and after the crisis stems.

With the advent of the third millennium world, surpassing the urban population ratio in most countries and the damaging effects of this phenomenon from the environmental perspective and the need access to urban spaces, paying more attention of city planners and city managers are need to the development of urban green spaces, the importance of equitable allocation of resources and the utilities on policy priorities and targets community. This study has been developed to evaluate green space land use and parks within the city of Urmia. This descriptive-analytical study by emphasis on urban development projects and the use of statistical methods such as Williamson and spatial analysis through the use of software Arc View concentrates on urban green land and park land use. Based on the analysis of buffering in GIS, Urmia in terms of access to parks in some areas (urban district) is in good condition. However, children’s parks and gardens within the city indicated the major parts of the population lack access to these services in urban settlements. Moreover, the results of Williamson index, the coefficient 1.26, indicate unfair green spaces in some areas of the city. Also, based on review and comparison of common software standards for urban green spaces in the country shows that the per capita green area of approximately 3.51 m to 12-7 m is the current standard that revealed deficiencies in access to urban green spaces is in Unnia.

Any scientific research is required to use methods, instruments and having specific and regular procedure. Geographical Information System has been applied in this research. As one of the main obstacles present in the way of sustainable development of villages is rupture of special organization and lack of suitable hierarchy based on interactive relation among the dwelling-places. In this research, it has been tried to locate better rural centers and design suitable hierarchy dwelling-places and create cohesiveness and reasonable relation among these centers in order to recognize the center villages to provide services for surrounding villages. Through these services, all needs of villagers can be provided. To reach this goal, this study by considering standards and criteria applied Centrality Index Method, Distance Methods and Direct Relation of Matrix Method via GIS having theoretical foundations related to this research subject and effectively collect data. Then, the present conditions of optimum rural centers were evaluated to pave the way to suggest other centers. The results have shown that the study of optimum centers of rural development and presenting hierarchical pattern in both rural mountainside villages “Kutna” and “Rikandeh”. Therefore, these two villages are recommended as the main center to provide services to subgroup villages in order to equip and develop necessary facilities and services villages are scattered throughout the district to prevent the dependence process and migration of villagers into cities.