JOURNAL OF IRANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (JISDS)
Year:2013 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 (20)|Papers Count:8

Urban spaces are expanding and developing against the social and cultural characteristics and also against the needs and requisitions of citizens. This process causes some social and cultural problems to emerge as well as defacing the appearance and the identity of cities. This issue has brought with itself citizens dissatisfaction, a feeling of non-belonging to cities, a feeling of insecurity, peoples’ irresponsibility in keeping and improving cities and finally decreasing the feeling of effervescence in cities. The growth of city sizes without caring about the quality of their designing has caused social gap, decrease in social relations and decrease in social coherence. The importance of this issue made the researcher to cast a deeper look to urban designing role in social capital rehabilitation. In this research, with the help of Kevin Lynches’ theory which has a humanistic look in urban designing, we try to explain the relationship between social capital and development. The research method is predicative and reference reading with an emphasis on an interdisciplinary approach in order to heighten the interdisciplinary dialogues in solving the problems of today urban areas. The results are: Considering citizen principle in design and executing urban development plans. Considering the citizens’ needs and requisitions and their expectations of their living environment (the participatory development principle). The priority of urban space quality against urban area sizes and physical characteristics. Planning to improve the humanistic, cultural and social capital as bases of economic capital in urban development. Making efforts in keeping and improving cultural and social capitals and natural resources urban development plans and conveying it to the next generation.

Marriage as a family value in Iran is the main concern in this study. From the olden days, marriage has had an importance in Iranian families. But it has had a different meaning among different generations. Different generation in Iran have different and sometimes antithetical attitudes toward marriage based on experiences, historical events and common life experience. The theoretical framework of this study is established through theories such as cultural changes theory, second population transition theory, generational and structural conflict theory and globalization-localization theory, which based on them, factors like globalization is affecting marriage value change. The research method is survey and cross-sectional and a questionnaire is used. The statistical population is five generations of women in Zanjan city which are selected based on their generational characteristics and historical periods. These generations include before 1964 born, between 1964 and 1979 born, between 1980 and 1989 born, between 1989 and 1992 born and between 1993 and 1996 born. According to this a set of 500 people (100 from each category) is selected as a sample. The sampling technique is a multi-level cluster sampling with a proportionate probability sampling. The results show that between 1989 and 1992 born people have the lowest number of marriage value (24.85) and before 1964 born people have the highest (28.10). The Fisher test (ANOVA) result (8.386) show that there is a significant difference between generations in accordance to marriage value. Religiousness has a direct and positive effect and globalization has a reverse and negative effect on marriage value.

Women tend to do manly occupations lies within social phenomena that can be seen in recent years. One of these jobs, is police jobs, the study seeks to answer the question of what factors influence the tendency for police jobs. Feminist theories, and religious authorities on women's employment, gender division of labor theory, the theory of biological differences, labor market segregation theory and the theory of job separation, are the theories used in this study. The method used in this research is survey and a questionnaire is distributed among 100 individuals consists of 50 female students from Police College and 50 students from the Faculty of Social Sciences of Allameh Tabatabai University. SPSS software is used to analyze the relationship of variables by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results show that the six hypotheses to explain the relationship between mass media advertising, Employment security, psychological characteristics of women consider women equal to men in need of clothes female police presence (independent variables) and the tendency for police jobs (dependent variable) tackles, three hypotheses confirmed three hypotheses were rejected. Hypothesis was confirmed by the relationship between mass media propaganda, psychological characteristics of women in Islamic society requires women police (independent variables) and the tendency for police jobs (dependent variable) shows that there is a direct and positive relationship. With the rise of mass media propaganda, psychological characteristics of women, Islamic society requires more police women and also women tendencies toward being a cop rise.

A most important supporting policies, which have been emphasized by disability acts, is accessibility of disabled people to urban environments. In Iran, the management of urban environments for these people had slow rate. According to the role of entrepreneurship in accelerating of urban management for people with disability, the important role of technology in life of them, and also lack of previous studies about factors influencing activity of technology-based small and medium size enterprises in services field for people with disability, this research aim the subject by applicable study that data has been collected by in depth and semi structure interviews and analyzed by case study method. In this research, this case is urban management of Tehran and data has analyzed by open and axial coding strategies. Finally, the results of this research show that internal capability, social networks characteristic, institutional, cultural, normative and regulatory factors Is effective for technology-based small and medium size enterprises in the services field for disabled people in urban management of Tehran.

Geographically uneven spaces allocated a large percentage of land in developing countries. One of the consequences of unequal and uneven development is undoubtedly rooted in the unequal distribution of resources, a lack of playing opportunities that it can lead to a split between the counties, cities and even rural areas of the country. It appeared to be a consequence of poverty, migration rural - urban and marginalization, increased crime, corruption, prostitution, followed. This paper deals with the geographical analysis of inequalities in rural areas of Central Iran using scientific papers, books and documents related to the investigation by a cross - sectional. Provinces of Tehran, Qazvin, Hamedan, Yazd and Demographic information and sample information collected have been selected by systematic sampling from 83 villages to examine the target population to be sampled and analyzed using the Gini coefficient model changes during different years 1365, 1375 and 1385. Indicate that the findings in the rural areas of Yazd province inequality spaces geographic sections 65 and 0.42, in section 75, in rural areas of Hamadan with 0.36 and in 1385 had the highest rates of inequality in the villages in Qazvin province is equal to with 0.79. Shows the results of the indicators, the indicators of social inequality in 1365, the highest rate in 75 years in the communications parameters have been observed in 1385, the largest imbalance access to health services.

youth, participate in societal affairs. Since they have a lot of energy and a long future life, the youth can be of especial value in this regard. But due to certain characteristics and problems of contemporary societies, the youth do not seem to be too enthusiastic to take part of the affairs of society and tend to be isolationist. Social isolation refers to the weakening of social bonds and relations with family members, with friends and neighbors, and also with social institutions and organizations. The present article aims to identify some social factors that may influence the youth’s tendency toward social isolation. The theoretical framework of the study was provided by the ideas of Durkheim, Putnam, and Wirth. This was a survey research that utilized a questionnaire to collect the needed data. The research population consisted of all 15-29 year-old youth of the city of Esfahan of which, using a cluster and random sampling technique, 385 individuals were selected as research sample. The questionnaire had face validity and its Alpha for reliability was 0.93. The results showed that the average for social relations of the youth was about the medium (2.4 of 4). Their social bonds with family members were relatively high (3.2 of 4), but with neighbors and strangers it was lower than the medium (2 of 4). Inferential statistics showed that the variables of gender (beta= 0.169), social trust (beta=-0.72), Internet usage (beta=-0.119) were directly and significantly related to social isolation whereas the socio-economic status of the family was not significantly related to social isolation. The coefficient of determination of the three independent variables was equal to 0.646.

The purpose of this research is to study and investigate the factors influencing the tendency of those women who have referred to fitness clubs in Karaj to manage their bodies. After a review of the aspects related to the topic, the theoretical framework was set up based on the views of Giddens, Guffman, Boudreaux and Maslow. The research employs descriptive - survey method and its purpose is correlational. For data collection, a questionnaire with 63-question was used. To achieve the stated goals of the research, in 1391 fall, 100 women who had referred to 8 fitness clubs were asked to be voluntarily at disposal to answer the questions. The findings suggest: marital and employment status, media effects, spiritual growth and self-actualization, nutritional habits, responsibility for health, interpersonal relationships, fashions and tendency to follow them, stress management, exercise and physical activity had a very meaningful relationship with fitness. However, no meaningful relationship was observed between fitness and age, education level and the socio economic status of the samples.

The examination of public opinion is a mean of understanding and becoming aware of peoples’ ideas and opinions regarding the prevailing and future issues of society which is a necessity in planning. The evaluation of public opinion is an element of democratic societies that allows the policy makers and planners to design and plan in micro and macro levels with consideration of public opinions. What is considered in this research is the necessity of culturalization of respecting public opinion and including them in evaluations and different research projects. In this research, the public opinion is examined with a cultural approach.