Year:2021 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:6

1. Introduction The digital divide is a term that refers to the gap between people with effective access to digital and information technology and people with no or very limited access to such technologies. In other words, the digital divide means unequal access of some members of society to information and communication technologies (ICT). The term is closely related to the concept of the knowledge divide. In the past, the digital divide was concerned with access or no access to the Internet and technology. However, the term's definition changed over time to include the knowledge and ability to work with technology and different types of IT-related tools. . . .

1. Introduction Religiosity and religious beliefs can influence all aspects of human life, including the managers' behavior in terms of how to fulfill their responsibilities and their decisions in this regard, which, in turn, affect the quality of corporate earnings. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the relationship between the managers' religiosity and the quality of the firm's profits, taking the modifying role of the coronavirus outbreak into account. In addition to the financial sector, the problem of ethics recession has also affected the whole world. Involving monetary earnings and personal profits, the financial sector is a highly sensitive field where its scandals become much more highlighted. Thus, if the managers and accountants are not committed to ethics, they may undertake to manipulate financial statements to avoid management risks and make the conditions look more favorable. Meanwhile, a high level of religiosity can affect managers and their organizations. Therefore, as managers' decisions and their choice of accounting practices may influence the quality of corporate earnings, the managers' religiosity is expected to affect the quality of corporate profits. 2. Theoretical Principles Considered by the managers as a key criterion in attracting the attention of investors and analysts, accounting profit is used as a basis for measuring management efficiency. On the other hand, as a major source of information, profit is a tool for predicting future profits and cash flows, whose quality has different aspects. reasons behind the gap between citizens in terms of using digital services and to reduce the existing digital inequalities. The model comprises three components, including accessibility, motivation, and digital capital. The motivation component includes variables such as lack of interest in the Internet, scarcity of appropriate and attractive content, and partial understanding of the benefits of the Internet. The accessibility component comprises seven dimensions, including the costs of the Internet, physical access, time limit, technophobia, lack of formal and informal learning, and inability. Finally, digital capital consists of five elements, including quintuple capitals (economic, personal, cultural, political, and social), digital literature, literacy, confidence in one's ability, and proficiency in a foreign language. Integrated Model: Another model proposed in the United States to study the digital divide, using digital inequality to achieve e-learning. The framework of the model which includes items such as access, resources, power, electronic acceptance, and electronic inclusion can be used to analyze the effects, behavioral elements, and impact of the digital divide. Comparison of the models proposed for the digital divide shows that in general, Van Dijk's model is more comprehensive and complete than the other ones. 3. Designing a Model for Traditional Businesses Today, traditional businesses are being threatened by the digital divide. In other words, online businesses and retailers have turned into serious competitors for traditional and physical stores and businesses. Thus, providing an online sales platform and online advertising alongside the physical space can help traditional businesses improve their sales. However, most businesses cannot do this as they suffer from the digital divide. On the other hand, considering various users in Iran and the presence of businessmen with different social statuses and education levels, it is necessary to study the digital divide in Iran's context. In this regard, some researchers have mainly referred to gender, age, ethnicity, income, and education as effective variables involved in the digital divide. Therefore, as the survival of different businesses depends on access to ICTs, studying the digital divide seems necessary today. Considering the significance of social networks, the high number of such networks' users, and the expansion of Internet businesses in those platforms in Iran, it is necessary to introduce networking skills as one of the digital skills, as lacking the required skills in using such networks is one of the important factors that contribute to the digital divide now. Networking skills refer to the user's familiarity with and ability to use social networks. Therefore, in addition to the two skills introduced by Van Dijk, network skills were also added to the model proposed in this study to examine the skill gap more accurately. 4. Conclusion In recent years, a number of models have been proposed by different scholars to identify and study the digital divide. Moreover, most of the studies conducted in this regard have focused on four levels of Internet motivation, material access, skill gap, and the diversity in using the Internet and information technology. On the other hand, the models for Digital divide analysis have often been investigated in scientific communities such as Universities, schools, or specific groups that are dealing more with ICTs. Therefore, businesses and economic groups have mostly been neglected in this regard. As e-businesses have become serious competitors for traditional shops and businesses, examining the traditional businesses' digital divide and overcoming its barriers can help improve traditional markets' business systems and get them out of the crisis. On the other hand, people's economic capital or assets, including income can also affect the digital divide. Moreover, due to the individuals' desire to use electronic platforms or the collective use of such platforms, social capital is also effective in the digital divide. Furthermore, cultural capital examines the dominant atmosphere of the market environment and its impact on the digital divide.

1. Introduction The advent of smartphones and tablets has provided a suitable user interface with high-level features and required responsiveness. Designing a user interface requires graphic designers' arts and visual knowledge. Today, user interface design plays an important and integral role in all software products. In fact, user interface design is used for designing the formal appearance of any software, including mobile applications, websites, operating systems (Windows), etc., which is carried out according to the existing styles and languages by leading companies in this field. However, there are some developers in Iran who both develop programs and design the user interface or graphic of their product. They also design applications without considering the colors' psychological functions and visual value (visual elements), which is due to their lack of expertise in the field of graphics and visual communication. The increasing variety of mobile phones applications has made it difficult to identify suitable and high-quality applications. Therefore, if you look for a suitable application in a particular topic or style, you will find a long list of different programs. For instance, if a user wants to install a messaging application or a dictionary on his/her cellphone, he/she is faced with a set of multiple applications with similar functions, making it difficult for the user to choose from among them, as he/she has to choose the most suitable and efficient program from that list. 2. Theoretical Principles The diversity of applications and businesses, and the elimination of physical distances between markets and manufacturers have revolutionized marketing and information exchanges and provided novel opportunities and achievements for enhancing the level of social, cultural, and economic interactions worldwide. On the other hand, using smartphones and their applications in Iran has outsped the culture of proper use of them and their facilities. Moreover, the Persian resources on the principles of application design are very limited. The most important issue in designing applications is the correct selection of visual elements in accordance with the context of the application. Therefore, the designer is required to be fully aware of the do's and don'ts of the design process and precisely observe the correct application of elements, colors, number of pages, and different links for ease of usage. studies have reported a positive correlation between the Managers' ethics and profit quality. Thus, another explanation for the results of the analysis of the study's first hypothesis is that the more religious managers attempt not to commit any wrongdoing, as they consider themselves accountable to the Almighty Allah. The results of testing the study's second hypothesis concerning the effect of coronavirus outbreak on the relationship between managers' religiosity and profit quality showed that the outbreak of coronavirus had a significant positive effect on the relationship between the two, indicating that the coronavirus pandemy helped strengthen the relationship between religiosity and profit quality, which in turn influenced the relationship between managers' religiosity and the quality of companies' profits. According to the results found in this study, the companies' general assemblies and their members of the board of directors are expected to pay more attention to religiosity and adherence to religious beliefs when selecting managers, considering the fact that the higher the more religious the companies' managers and members of the board of directors are, the higher the companies' profit quality would be. Moreover, higher profit quality can promise the companies' actual and potential investors that the profits reported in the financial statements and reports (calculated according to the accounting standards) are close to the real profits gained through the companies' activities and performance. Thus, the higher the increase in the companies' profit quality is, the higher the confidence of the customers in the companies would be.

1. Introduction Organizations need to manage their business activities and behaviors in such a way as to maximize the positive and minimize the negative consequences of their activities, trying to protect the environment and use natural resources more effectively. Therefore, corporate social responsibility is a sensitive issue and a critical factor in the survival of any organization. In addition to performing their traditional duties, today's organizations and institutions are obliged to perform some other activities referred to as the organization's social responsibility, which means being responsible towards society's expectations. In this regard, the municipality is an organization with a significant role in solving environmental and social problems and improving the quality of urban life. The employees' trust in an organization is one of the outcomes of social exchange processes derived from social responsibility, which in turn leads to the employees' green behaviors within their relevant organization, i. e., sustainable and environmentally friendly behaviors. In fact, people who consider themselves responsible towards the environment perform positive and environmentally friendly behaviors. 2. Theoretical Principles Intense competition, population growth, scarcity of resources, air pollution, and many other environmental issues and problems have led to the development of new approaches to organizations and management, including commitment and social responsibility. Social responsibility refers to a set of activities voluntarily performed by organizations and enterprises as effective and useful members of society. In other words, the responsibilities of organizations are not limited to maximizing their own profits and economic return but include social services and all aspects of the environment. Moreover, the organization's social responsibility refers to the commitment of businesses to contribute to the sustainable economic development of employees, customers, local communities, and society to improve life quality. Thus, the social responsibility of any firm results from the following four components: economic needs, observance of general rules and regulations, observance of business ethics, and humanitarian responsibilities. Recently, the greenness of industries An interface is defined by the Microsoft Computer Glossary as either the point at which a connection is made between two elements so that they can work together, or software that enables an application to work with a user, another application such as an operating system, or computer hardware. The user interface can be an interface, a command line, a menu, or a graphical interface. Moreover, the user interface is the visible and graphic part of the software that a user directly deals with. It should also be noted that the poor design of the interface increases the user's stress and make him/her commit mistakes, and become confused and embarrassed. Therefore, the user interface should be designed in such a way that can easily be used by both expert and general users. For a design team to have the best performance, it is necessary to present a storyboard of the whole design at the very beginning of the project, designed as a wireframe to be used as a product drawing and a tool for easily predicting and designing the related parts. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of the project can be examined based on this initial structure. This kind of performance can be very effective in reducing costs, increasing the percentage of the product's reliability, and increasing the chances for success in initial tests. Today, there are various sources of information to be used by people. However, if these resources are not easy to use, they will be removed from the information circle over time. Therefore, the user interface tries to simplify the use of software for users by providing a suitable template and structure (taken from old information sources), considering such factors as speed, precision, and appropriate time. Similar to the creation of a general structure for the product's behavior in the context of interaction, a parallel process based on the visual and industrial design of a form regarding the product's behavior is also considered for the preparation of a precise design unless the designer works according to a pre-defined visual style. Design styles for applications include material design, flat design, and Skeuomorphism. 3. Methodology This is a descriptive-analytical study using library research to collect the required data by reviewing valuable library and online resources. The statistical population of the study comprised 10 samples of Iranian-cultural Mobile phone applications, developers (or teams of application developers), and software designers selected via census sampling method. The collected data were analyzed via qualitative and quantitative analysis. 4. Conclusions and Suggestions This study sought to investigate a number of Iranian cultural applications in terms of the graphic design of applications' interfaces. To this end, 10 applications were examined in terms of design style and visual characteristics such as composition, color, text, images, and their characteristics. According to the obtained results, it can be argued that developers mostly tend to design the applications' interfaces based on the flat style. Moreover, it was found that due to the special hardware of the cellphones that can run the programs faster, developers mostly designed their intended applications in an integrated way in combination with the material design style. Furthermore, the applications were found to have been designed based on a specific configuration, and in most cases, in a similar way. However, it should be noted that developers prefer a single model that has been tried and accepted by the public and they do not try to risk using a different design. Nonetheless, in some cases such as the Green Book program where the boundary between the grades is unclear and there is a lot of white space in the work, the issue of the positive and negative spaces and its effectiveness discussed in this research, can be considered in their design. Most of such applications had been designed in a rectangular shape with horizontal and vertical scrolls. In addition, the scroll bar had been more or less included in the design of almost all the applications based on user experience and the segmentations made in the interactive design. It should be noted that a proper scroll bar on the application's interface obviates the user's need to move to different pages and that it is highly important for the developers to adhere to the designing rules.

1. Introduction As a phenomenon appeared in the last decades of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century, tourism provides a significant part of many countries' foreign exchange revenues, comprising of a diverse range of sub-types including urban and rural tourism, ecotourism, health tourism, sports tourism, education tourism, religious tourism, etc. Therefore, in most countries of the world, the tourism sector is well organized and planned. On the other hand, Iran enjoys great potentials in terms of tourism, one of the most important of which is health tourism. Thus, this study sought to investigate the potentials of Herbal Medicine and medicinal herbs in developing health tourism in Birjand city, located in South Khorasan province, Iran. 2. Theoretical Principles Today, health tourism and medical tourism are among the increasingly prosperous sectors of the world's tourism industry, encouraging the organizations involved and countries interested in developing tourism to pay more attention to this type of tourism and prepare well-designed plans for it. In this regard, health tourism can be divided into the following types: Medical tourism which refers to receiving medical services in areas such as fertility, dentistry, organ transplants, etc., Wellness tourism which refers to taking advantage of natural facilities such as hot water, etc., to improve one's health and relax oneself mentally and physically,Preventive tourism, which is used for preventing diseases,and Curative tourism, which refers to travel for special treatment or surgery in hospitals or centers abroad that often takes two weeks on average. 3. Methodology The current study is a descriptive-analytical survey research whose statistical population comprises experts in South Khorasan Province's tourism (35 people), and the tourists visited the province's health tourism attractions. According to the has received much attention, as it facilitates the implementation and enforcement of environmental ethics and forces the organizations to comply with the global environmental standards. Strict observance of the principles of environmental ethics is usually performed to increase the efficiency of an organization, use scarce resources, and apply green innovations and mechanisms to reduce environmental damages and their relevant costs. Therefore, as today's organizations tend to ensure that their daily activities incur the least possible harm to the environment, the performance and environmental behaviors of employees and their willingness in this regard is the most important factor in the success of organizations in implementing green measures. 3. Methodology This study is survey research in terms of its purpose and data collection method. The statistical population of the study comprised 384 employees of Mashhad Municipality (estimated according to Morgan Table), who were selected via available random sampling. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research instrument. The calculated Cronbach's alpha value for all variables was higher than 0. 7, indicating appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed via SPSS software. Finally, the fit of the model and testing of the study's hypotheses were performed using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software. 4. Conclusions To be socially accountable to stakeholders and individuals in society, organizations should heed the concerns and issues regarding the environment, social and humanitarian affairs, developing organizational policies concerning social responsibility based on their specific organizational culture. Moreover, supporting socially responsible activities and actions can help organizations creates a positive image of themselves in their employees' minds, build confidence in their employees, shape their identity, get their satisfaction, and affects their green behavior. When an organization observes a strict environmental guideline, it demonstrates fundamental and important ethical values and principles to its employees, encouraging them to engage in such activities. To participate. In fact, by consistently performing environmentally friendly behaviors, the managers of an organization convey this message to their employees that such behaviors are valuable to the organization. Therefore, the employees will understand that performing such behaviors would be rewarded by their organization, getting encouraged to participate in such activities. As an organization responsible for administering urban affairs, the municipality must identify its social responsibilities and find the best possible ways to institutionalize this concept among its employees and include such responsibilities in its daily activities, considering the fact that any negligence of its staff in conducting the daily affairs of the municipality can disrupt social order and people's lives. Therefore, more attention of the municipality's managers to social responsibilities can affect the green behaviors of employees. Given the importance of social responsibility, it appears that organizations' managers can encourage their employees to perform responsible behaviors and increase their sense of commitment through various methods such as rewards, etc. The managers should also find the correct behaviors and patterns regarding social responsibility and put them into practice. On the other hand, the responsibilities of employees in each aspect of social responsibility (economic, social, and environmental) need to be determined. Moreover, considering the significant positive effect of social responsibility on the employees' green behaviors, managers should consistently organize training workshops on social responsibility to familiarize their employees with the different aspects of this concept so that they participate more in socially responsible activities. On the other hand, managers must identify factors that destroy the employee's confidence in the organization, trying to build confidence in their employees by increasing the interactions between managers with employees and receiving feedback from the staff.

1. Introduction As human populations and the number of vehicles are growing rapidly, it appears that vehicles need to be automatically detected. The license plate number is a unique identifier used to authenticate an automobile's identity. Applying image processing on still images or video footages taken by color, black-and-white, and infrared cameras, automatic license plate recognition systems play an important role in constructing smart parking lots, counting the number of cars, monitoring the speed of cars, maintaining roads, monitoring traffic crimes, etc. The license plate recognition (LPR) process basically consists of three general steps: locating the license plate, separating the characters, and identifying the license plate characters. locating the license plate is one of the most important and challenging steps in the automatic license plate recognition process. In this stage, if the license plate is not located in a short time with acceptable accuracy, the overall time taken by the license plate reader system will increase, making other separation and detection steps inefficient. There are a number of challenges in this regard, including the diversity of license plate shapes, uneven lighting conditions, license plate angles, distance of cameras from cars, reflection and refraction of light in the imaging process, low image quality, and time-consuming process of developing a relevant algorithm. Accordingly, it could be said that there is no single definitive solution for detecting license plates. 2. Theoretical Principles Edge detection is a widely used method in locating the license plate, using a combined algorithm based on statistical analysis and morphology of vertical edges. Some studies have applied a two-step process in which information on vertical image edge as a horizontal representation of the frequency band was used to detect the candidate areas and the exact location of the license plate. Moreover, the studies statistics published by South Khorasan Province's Cultural Heritage Office, Tourism Organization, Medical Sciences University, 4700 tourists have visited this province in the second half of the year 2017, out of whom some 354 people were selected as the study's sample size using available sampling. The study's findings revealed that most of the tourists visited South Khorasan Province's health tourism attractions individually or in friendly groups, and few people visited the areas with their families. Moreover, the results of the analysis of the data collected by the questionnaires showed that most of the tourists stayed in those areas for less than a day. Therefore, it appears that the best way to get acquainted with and informed of South Khorasan Province's Herbal medicine and medical herbs' attractions and opportunities is to compare the experiences of those who visited health tourism attractions with those who visited other types of tourism areas. 4. Conclusion The results of investigating the status of health tourism in Iran show that the country enjoys many strengths in terms of this type of tourism, including qualified physicians, cutting-edge technology, and natural treatment areas that can attract health tourists. However, it faces some weaknesses and challenges such as inappropriate coordination between the organizations responsible for medical tourism and inadequate planning. Therefore, Iran can enhance its status in the health tourism market by investing more in its strengths and introducing them as unique capabilities in terms of offering services, and overcoming its weaknesses by developing comprehensive plans, marketing, and correcting some processes. In fact, if health tourism and medicinal plants' technology are well-organized, they can attract more tourists and consequently enhance the level of public knowledge and awareness, improve the society's health, increase the prosperity of medicinal plants' and Herbal medicine's market, improve the economic growth rate, and increase the export of medicinal plants both domestically and abroad. Possessing a variety of natural attractions (parks, forests, mountains, rivers, etc. ) and appropriate climate conditions, South Khorasan province can well contribute to Iran's health tourism if relevant organizations undertake to organize hot and mineral springs and improve their conditions, and reduce medical costs. Moreover, paying attention to factors such as investments in infrastructure and human resources to strengthen Herbal Medicine and create relevant databases, facilitating organizations in tourism management, health services, natural resources, cultural heritage, and information technologies can significantly contribute to strengthening tourism.