JOURNAL OF VETERINARY CLINICAL RESEARCH
Year:2013 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:10

Somatic cell count (SCC) has been considered as the golden standard method to evaluate raw bulk milk quality for several decades. Nevertheless, SCC is neither sensitive nor specific enough to evaluate raw bulk milk. Much effort has been performed to substitute new markers in this regard. Acute phase proteins (APPs) as part of inflammatory response received too much attention as new diagnostic markers in veterinary medicine as well as subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Since subclinical mastitis cause unfavorable changes in milk composition, APPs would be a potential biomarkers to predict milk quality. The objectives of this study were to determine the diagnostic value of Milk Amyloid A (MAA) for evaluating raw bulk milk quality delivered to dairy industry and to establish cut off points to detect early changes in bulk tank milk quality. The study performed on 30 random selected dairy farms delivering their bulk milk to Pegah dairy industries at Tehran province. Three milk samples collected at 3 different times to measure MAA, SCC, total protein, casein, total fat and lactose level using commercially available methods. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and cutoff points for each test were determined using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. MAA was the most accurate test with a diagnostic sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 60% at cutoff point of 55.64ng/mL based on a SCC of 200×1000 cells/mL of bulk milk. The study showed that determination of MAA can be used as a potential biomarker to discriminate early unfavorable compositional change in bulk milk quality based on SCC higher than 200×1000 cells/mL of bulk milk. A significant relationship found between MAA and bulk milk protein quality traits (P<0.05).

For detection of the 793/B serotype of infection bronchitis virus in respiratory infections, 11 samples were taken from broiler flocks with respiratory signs in west of Mazandran province in autumn and winter of 2010. After inoculation of samples into the embryonated SPF chicken eggs, samples were checked for heamagglutination (HA) characteristic by HA test for Newcastle disease (ND) and Avian Influenza (AI) viruses, and then the cases having HA property were tested by ND and AI specific antiserum and evaluated for ND and AI virus by heamagglutination inhibition (HI) test. For identification of infection bronchitis virus, 1 ml of allantoic fluid was harvested from allantoic fluid and viral RNA was extracted with RNA purification kit and at the first step a fragment of S1 gene was amplified by general primers of IB virus in RT-PCR reaction. In the second step the RT-PCR product was amplified for differentiation of Mass and 793/B by type specific primers in Nested-PCR. Results revealed that 7 of 11 samples were positive for IB virus in RT-PCR reaction and 5 samples were positive for 793/B serotype in Nested-PCR. While the affected flocks didn’t take any vaccination against 793/B serotype, samples were considered positive for 793/B serotype infection. Also, ND virus and AI virus were detected in two IB positive samples.

Side effects of the drugs on the human body have always been under discussion. One of the most effective and acceptable methods of determination of drugs side effects is testing the medicines on laboratory animals. Despite the fact that Isotretinoin is widely being used in the treatment of severe refractory to treatment nodular acne, Keratinization disorder refractory to common treatments, prevention of skin cancer and especially squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, the adverse effects of the drug on the body have been reported. The drug is strongly advised not to be used by particularly pregnant women for its teratogenic effects. The side effects of this drug depends on the duration of the treatment. For example, in humans, the recommended duration of treatment for acne is 15 to 20 weeks and prolonged treatment often causes some side effects such as increase in serum triglycerides, abnormal moisture on the skin, adverse effects on the eye, elevated blood calcium and other unwanted disturbances. In this study, the effects of Intrapretoneal Isotretinoin on the development of skin, kidney and liver of mouse embryos have been examined, during pregnancy. The results showed many dose dependant histopathological changes such as: decreasing in number of hair follicles in skin, congestion, blood vessel dilation, increasing in permeability of blood vessels in kidneys and accumulation of the bile in the liver.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production, egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line (W36) laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group, 2) group with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentage of Alhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. had significant effects on performance, egg traits and blood metabolites of laying hens (p<0.05). The highest amounts of egg mass, the highest egg production percentage, the best feed conversion ratio, and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of egg were resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L..3% of Alhaji maurorum L. significantly improved special egg weight, egg yolk color and eggshell surface/eggshell weight. The lowest percentage of heterophile, the highest percentage of lymphocyte and the lowest ratio of heterophile/lymphocyte were resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. did not have any significant effects on blood biochemical parameters of laying hens (p>0.05). The overall results indicated that in commercial laying hens using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. without having any adverse effects on blood parameters, improve the performance and egg traits of laying hens and decreased the amount of feed price for production each kilogram of egg. Using Alhaji maurorum L. in laying hens diets is an effective way in weeds control of agriculture crops.

To investigate the effect of melatonin on reproductive parameters in the Shall ewes, out of breeding season, 60 multiparous ewes (maximum 3 parity), were studied in a randomized complete block design. The animals divided into 4 groups of 15 ewes. The control group did not receive any hormone. In the melatonin group, Regulin containing 18 mg of melatonin were implanted at the base of the ear, for 35 days. In CIDR group, 500 IU PMSG was injected, 8 days after removal. In the CIDR plus melatonin group, 35 days after implanting the Regulin, insertion of CIDR was done for 8 days and 500 IU PMSG injected at the removal time. After performing estrus synchronization in all 4 groups, 4 fertile rams introduced to ewes for 5 days. To increase the pregnancy rate, After 15 days of separation between ewes and rams, introducing the rams to ewes was repeated. Reproduction parameters recorded and analyzed by Duncan test (SAS software) at the level of 95% confidence interval. There were no significant differences between mean weight of lambs in all 4 groups (p>0.05). Results showed that the number of lambs born in the melatonin group were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). In melatonin group, the performance of service per conception and conception rate were better than the other groups and significant statistical differences were observed (p<0.05). The parameters of fecundity and conception rates were significantly different between the groups. Our findings showed that administration of melatonin in ewes, out of the breeding season, is effective on improvement of the reproductive parameters. As the administration of melatonin implants is easier than other estrus synchronization methods, produces no vaginal contamination and decreases the cost of management, we recommend melatonin implantation to improve the reproductive parameters in ewes.

One of the techniques that can be used in Ophthalmic Diagnostic Imaging is ultrasonography. In this technique selected sound waves are send to eye structures and an image can be formed by echo of these waves which interaction with different tissues densities and echogenicies. Several displays for ultrasonography are present. One of these displays is Brightness modulation. In this study, ten lens of eye’s Rainbow trouts (Oncorhyncus mykiss) fishes were measured in anterior-posterior axial by ultrasonography. Total mean of lens was 0.319±0.040 cm. Also mean of right eye lens measurement was 0.317±0.041 cm and mean of left eye lens measurement was 0.321±0.040 cm. In this study mean of right eye lens measurement was not different with mean of left eye lens measurement.

Male genital organ in turtles is an internal deep purple to black fleshy structure with two lobes that use in copulation and it hasn’t any role in urination. Prolapse, penile paralysis and paraphimosis are conditions affect turtle’s penis. Paraphymosis is swelling and congestion of penis caused by some factors such as stress in land turtles. It is rare in water turtles. A land turtle was referred to private small animal clinic with a history of falling in a deep wail. When he brought out of the wail, the owner noticed a swelling under his tail. There was a prolapsed deep purple mass with two lobes in anal region in clinical examinations. Dorso-ventral and lateral radiographs were taken. Radiographs showed just a soft tissue mass at the anal regions. Tentative diagnosis of the penile prolapsed were made. The mass was removed by surgical methods and pathology diagnosed it was penis and confirmed prolapsed with necrotic tissue of penis. Post surgical complications were anorexia, absence of defecation for five days despite of treatment with antibiotics therapy for 3 weeks. Appetite and defecation back to normal after removing the legated sutures. Prolapsed of the penis can be treated by lubricating the penis and pushing it back to cloacae but in this case surgical approach was chosen because of ischemia and necrosis.

Keratomycosis is diagnosed more frequently in warm and humid temperature and associated with significant ocular morbity and is considered as an important challenge to ophthalmologist and equine veterinarian. Fungi are normal inhabitant of equine environment and corneal-conjuctival microflora, and can be invasive by lack of integrity and stability of precorneal tear film and corneal epithelial cell injury. The aim of this report is diagnosis and clinical manegment of keratomycosis in the horse and avoidance of ocular enuclation. The horse has been referred after small corneal injury and because of inappropriate medical therapy, with diffuse fungial infection. After subpalpebral lavage, diluate povidine iodine used twice daily and ketoconazole (azole), flunixin meglumine (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent) and atropine as ophthalmic drop, applied. Natamycine (antifungial agent) in first 24 hour in each hour and for 3 days every 4 hours and 2 drops applied up to third week every 6 hours. Keratomycosis in horses associates with corneal injury, is considered a common disease but a risk for eye vision and discomfort. Diagnostic, appropriate management of medical, surgical treatment and cooperation of horse owners are important factors for horse to return to exercise.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production, egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line (W36) laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group, 2) group with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentage of Alhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. had significant effects on performance, egg traits and blood metabolites of laying hens (p<0.05). The highest amounts of egg mass, the highest egg production percentage, the best feed conversion ratio, and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of egg were resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L..3% of Alhaji maurorum L. significantly improved special egg weight, egg yolk color and eggshell surface/eggshell weight. The lowest percentage of heterophile, the highest percentage of lymphocyte and the lowest ratio of heterophile/lymphocyte were resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. did not have any significant effects on blood biochemical parameters of laying hens (p>0.05). The overall results indicated that in commercial laying hens using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. without having any adverse effects on blood parameters, improve the performance and egg traits of laying hens and decreased the amount of feed price for production each kilogram of egg. Using Alhaji maurorum L. in laying hens diets is an effective way in weeds control of agriculture crops.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. on egg production, egg traits and blood parameters of commercial laying hens. In this experiment 144 Hy- line (W36) laying hens were used from 65-76 weeks of age in 4 treatments, 3 replicates and 12 hens in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Experimental groups included: 1) control group, 2) group with 1.5, 3 and 4.5 percentage of Alhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. had significant effects on performance, egg traits and blood metabolites of laying hens (p<0.05). The highest amounts of egg mass, the highest egg production percentage, the best feed conversion ratio, and the lowest price of feed intake for production per kilogram of egg were resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L..3% of Alhaji maurorum L. significantly improved special egg weight, egg yolk color and eggshell surface/eggshell weight. The lowest percentage of heterophile, the highest percentage of lymphocyte and the lowest ratio of heterophile/lymphocyte were resulted by using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. Different levels of Alhaji maurorum L. did not have any significant effects on blood biochemical parameters of laying hens (p>0.05). The overall results indicated that in commercial laying hens using 3% of Alhaji maurorum L. without having any adverse effects on blood parameters, improve the performance and egg traits of laying hens and decreased the amount of feed price for production each kilogram of egg. Using Alhaji maurorum L. in laying hens diets is an effective way in weeds control of agriculture crops.