Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Year:2021 | Volume:64 | Issue:5|Papers Count:32

Introduction: Social science research examines the relationships between different variables with respect to social issues,In this regard, the present study investigates the sociology of improving body management and its relationship with lifestyle in body consumption. Methods: The research method is survey and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study by age group (14-50) in Niavaran and Molavi districts of Tehran is 370, 626 people and 384 people were selected as the research sample according to Cochran's formula. Independent t-test, Human Whitney and Wilcoxon tests and SPSS software version 25 at the level of 0. 05 were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that lifestyle, improved body management, mass media had an impact on women's consumption (P <0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that body consumption is higher among women than men, and since body management should be considered in terms of health for men, the health organization should take measures to increase body management in men.

Introduction: The existence of social media and networks has accelerated the growth of fake news. Spreading fake news, especially in connection with the prevalence of Covid-19, can lead to serious losses such as the loss of current customers, their move to competitors, devaluation of stocks and the credibility of a brand, and organizations have to bear heavy costs to fight Pay with this news. The aim of this study was to provide a dynamic model of fake news during the outbreak of Covid-19 with respect to brand equity components. MethodsThe present study is applied research in terms of purpose,Because it seeks to show the effects of fake news feedback on brand equity and its agents. This research is also based on the nature of the mixed data,In this research, the system dynamics method is used to understand and analyze the variables. Results: The results of this research are shown in the form of a causal diagram of the effect of fake news on brand equity components, a brand equity causal diagram and components affecting brand equity. Conclusion: The results of this study can increase the insight of marketing managers and help them make decisions to improve brand equity. In line with the results of this research, marketing managers should minimize the ways of spreading fake news.

Introduction: Health care authorities are able to arrange proper planning on prevention programs and optimized management of antidote stockpiles by identifying regional pattern of poisoning. So this study was designed to evaluate the pattern of acute poisoning cases treated in a tertiary care hospital in north-eastern Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at emergency department of Mosabn-Jafar hospital in Quchan during December 2017 to the end of November 2018. All cases of poisoning admitted to the hospital were included in this study. The patients’,data were obtained from medical records and were documented on a pre-structured proforma. Results: A total of 222 cases of acute poisoning were studied. The average of people age was 28. 9+15. 7 year old, most of the patients aged 11 to 30 years (60. 3%), (50%) were women, most of the patients reside in urban areas (68%), half of them were married (55%), diploma (33. 7%) and unemployed (26. 1%). Intentional poisoning or suicidal was the main cause of poisoning (44. 6%), overload (31. 1%) and Accidental poisoning was recorded for (24. 3%) of cases. Pharmaceutical medication (60. 4%), opioids (12. 1%) followed by pesticides (8. 5%) were the most common exposures. The most common drug used in all age was Benzodiazepine (38. 8%). Conclusion: Attempted suicide was the most common route of poisoning which necessitates attention to psychiatric counseling.

Introduction: Adiponectin and leptin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. In this study, ratio of leptin to adiponectin, along with the insulin resistance index, is a good indicator for the diagnostic purposes of obesity and diabetes. Materials and Methods: Sixty obese women aged 35-45 years (BMI ≥, 30) were divided into four groups: control, exercise, massage, and exercise+massage. Aerobic exercise included aerobic training, 8weeks, 3days/week, that bigan with 25 minutes and 55% of HRmax, and in the last week reached 40 minutes and 85% of HRmax. Massage was performed by LPG device for 30 minutes, 3days/week and 8 weeks. The combined group performed an exercise program after 30 minutes of massage. Blood samples were taken from the vein of the left hand, bifor and 48h after the exercise and massage intervention, and after 12h of fasting. were measured the Leptin, adiponectin, insulin and glucose levels. In order to analized the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used at a significance level of p≥, 0. 05. Results: The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fat percentage, BMI, leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin in the post-test of exercise+massage group were significantly changed compared with posttest of three groups, (p=0. 001). Conclusion: Performing aerobic exercise with massage on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin levels seems to be more effective than exercise and massage alone.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the object relationships and perfectionism of incompatible, adaptive and normal narcissists. Methods: The research method was causal-comparative. From the population of Islamic Azad University students, 210 people were selected by available sampling method and based on the evaluation of two questionnaires of pathological narcissism (PNI) and narcissistic personality scale (NPI) in three groups of 70 people consistent narcissism, maladaptive narcissism and no narcissism they got. To measure the desired variables, the Questionnaires of Subject Relationship Scale (BORI) and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale (PANPS) were used and finally the data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Results: The results showed that among the variables of object relationships, insecure attachment and alienation in the incompatible narcissistic group was significantly higher than the other two groups (p = 0. 0001), but between the two groups of compatible narcissism and the group without narcissism in these two variables. No significant difference was observed (p≤, 05). Positive perfectionism was higher in the adaptive narcissistic group than in the nonnarcissistic group. Positive perfectionism was higher in both adaptive and non-narcissistic groups than in the incompatible narcissistic group (p = 0. 0001). The results of negative perfectionism between the three groups show that negative perfectionism in the incompatible narcissistic group was significantly higher than the other two groups (p = 0. 0001), while negative perfectionism in the adaptive narcissistic group and the non-narcissistic group showed a significant difference. Did not give (05≤, p). Conclusion: Incompatible narcissism can negatively affect the object relationships and perfectionism of medical students. Considering the mental health of students, their academic and work performance can be positively affected.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is one of the chronic complications of premature coronary heart disease and is often overlooked in the care of premature coronary heart disease patients. And sexual satisfaction was premature in coronary heart disease patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population was all male patients with premature coronary heart disease less than 50 years old who referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Tonekabon in the summer of 1397. 24 patients with premature coronary heart disease were selected by available sampling method. Then they were randomly assigned to the experimental group (under acceptance and commitment behavior therapy) (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20). Data collection tools were the standard Sex Questionnaire (MSQ) of Snell and Fischer Walters (1993), in three baseline stages, after quarterly intervention and follow-up. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that in the group undergoing behavior therapy based on acceptance and commitment, the mean score of sexual anxiety and depression as well as sexual satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased and increased significantly (P <0. 001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that behavioral therapy based on acceptance and commitment can be effective in improving sexual anxiety and depression as well as sexual satisfaction in men with premature coronary heart disease.

Introduction: Emotional and behavioral problems such as crime cause serious damage the adolescents and relatives’,normal process. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the life quality in the criminal and normal adolescent in the city of Lordegan. Methods: The present study was conducted through quantitative method in causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the present study was the criminal adolescents (12-to-18-year-old age group) in the town of Lordegan in juvenile detention center in 2020. The research sample included 60 criminal and 60 non-criminal adolescents homogenous in age and gender who were selected through available method (total number of 120 adolescents). The applied questionnaire included life quality questionnaire (Weir and Sherbon, 1992) which were filled out individually by the members of the two groups. The data analysis was conducted through ANOVA method via SPSS 23 software. Results: According to the results, there is a significant difference (p<0. 05) between life quality and its aspects including the role disorder due to emotional health, emotional wellbeing, social function and general health in the criminal and normal adolescents in a way that the criminal adolescents have higher role disorder and weaker emotional wellbeing, social function, and general health than the normal adolescents. Conclusion: According to the low level of life quality in the emergence of adolescents’,crime, and taking the increasing inflation in recent years and the decrease of economic aspect of the adolescents' life quality, it is better to hold interventions with the purpose of increasing the adolescents' life quality at schools in order to avoid the emergence of crime.

Introduction: Recent research has focused on empowerment for social health. Thus,The present study aims to Occupational empowerment of women and its effective factors in the municipal employees of Tehran. Methods: The research method was a survey based on the technique of written interview (researcher-made questionnaire based on the rank of Renice Likert), referring to 150 women working in the four districts of District 22 of Tehran Municipality and estimating the sample size using Morgan table. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. Results: The results showed that by increasing the expectation and motivation of job empowerment, justice and equity of job empowerment, goal setting of job empowerment, empowerment leadership style, strategic proposal award of female employees working in the four districts of Tehran Municipality, have a high attitude towards job empowerment They will be. Also, of the 46% share of factors affecting the attitude of female employees among the four districts of District 22 of Tehran Municipality, 25% of it is related to job empowerment, related to the share (increase) of expectations and motivation. 14% of it is related to the share (increase) of justice and equality. 1% of it is related to the share (increase) of targeting increase. The amount of 1% is related to the share (increase) of increasing leadership style change. Conclusion: It seems that married female employees, over 40 years old, have a core family of positive expectations and motivation, positive targeting mechanisms, positive justice and equality systems, have a high attitude in their job empowerment in the relevant organization.

Introduction: Considering the association between sleep duration and lifestyle factors, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between sleep duration and the type of snack consumption. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 9572 people aged over 19 years in Isfahan, Najafabad and Arak counties in the framework of the last phase of Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP). Dietary information was obtained through a food frequency questionnaire. According to the hours of sleep per day, participants were stratified into three groups with low (≤, 6 hours), adequate (≥, 6 and ≤, 9 hours) and long (≥, 9 hours) sleep duration. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between snack type and sleep duration. Results: Participants consisted of 4028 males and 3882 females. People who slept more than 9 hours consumed more fruits and natural juices than people who had adequate sleep duration (OR = 1. 01,95% CI: 1. 002-1. 02). Also, people with longer sleep duration consumed fewer amounts of nuts than people with adequate sleep duration (OR = 0. 97,95% CI: 0. 94-0. 99). Consumption of soft drinks and industrial juices in people with short sleep was more than people with adequate sleep duration (OR = 1. 04,95% CI: 1. 01-1. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, although there may be a relationship between sleep duration and choosing a healthy or unhealthy snacks, it is not possible to determine a conspicuous pattern for snacks.

Introduction: Left upper quadrant (LUQ) abdominal cysts are often discovered by chance. Due to the lack of specific methods for the definitive diagnosis of malignant lesions, the management of LUQ cysts is of great importance. In this regard, knowledge of differential diagnoses (such as adrenal and pancreatic cysts), the use of imaging techniques and surgical indications are very important. Methods: This study was a case report. A 56-year-old woman with a history of left adrenal cyst was referred to surgery for LUQ pain after eating. Results: Ultrasound and CT scan showed a 120 mm cystic lesion in the left adrenal gland. The patient was nominated for laparoscopic surgery. During surgery and contrary to the initial diagnosis, a large cyst about 150 mm in diameter originating from the pancreas and splenic artery involvement was detected, which was performed distally pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Pathological examination showed a mucinous tubulopapillary neoplasm with high-grade dysplasia with a small focus of undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma about 5 mm in size. Conclusion: Current imaging methods are not able to definitively identify the origin of large LUQ cysts, which leads to errors in the management of malignant lesions of the pancreas or adrenal glands. Therefore, it seems that the use of laparoscopic method, in addition to minimally invasive benefits such as less pain, reduced hospitalization period and faster return to daily activities, can help make the right diagnosis during surgery and make decisions. Provide the right fit for the surgeon.

Introduction: Anxiety is considered as one of the most common disorders during childhood and is associated with adverse functional, psychological, social and educational consequences for children. It is a necessity to screen children's anxiety. This study aimed to determine the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-Short Version. Materials and Methods: I terms of methodology, this study is a descriptive developmental one with a survey design. Its statistical population included all students who were 8-12 years old in primary schools in Rasht during the academic year of 2019-2020. Using the cluster random sampling method, 500 students were selected as the statistical sample of this study. The research instrument was the Enhanced Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. The construct validity was performed based on two methods of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Characteristics curve analysis was used to determine the cutting point. Assessing the reliability of the questionnaire in 3 sections of internal consistency, stability and homogeneity was performed using Cronbach's alpha correlation, the test-retest method with intra-cluster internal correlation, and correlation coefficient of each item to the total and correlation of items together, respectively. Results: 275 (55%) of the participants were female and the other 225 (45%) were male. Factor analysis showed that this scale has five components: Market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety and separation anxiety with desirable fitness indices. Also, the values of Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was 0. 939 and for the dimensions of market panic, generalized anxiety, specific phobia, social anxiety, and separation anxiety were 0. 812, 0. 894, 0. 803, 0. 709, and 0. 801, respectively. The most appropriate cutting point of this scale was 24. 5. Conclusion: The confirmatory factor structure, reliability and validity of the Development of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale-short version are desirable for research, diagnostic and screening applications in Iranian society.

Introduction: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the causes and sociological factors of Tehrani women and girls over 18 years of age toward modeling. Methods: The survey research method is quantitative and "descriptive/analytical". The statistical population of the current study was all women over 18 years old in Tehran. The sample size was determined based on Cochran's formula of 385 people, which we increased to 400 cases. The tool for collecting the questionnaire was multi-stage cluster sampling. To investigate and analyze the research questions, the normality of the data was first checked using the Kolmogorov/Smirnov test, and after determining the normality of the research data, the relationship between the variables was compared with the Pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS 22 software was used and finally, Imus 24 software was used to check the goodness of fit of the variables of the main hypotheses of the research. Results: The findings show that there is a difference between social class, body satisfaction, mass media use, cultural consumption, cultural capital (embodied, objectified, and institutionalized), economic capital, and social capital (social cohesion). There is a significant and positive relationship between membership in social networks and the tendency of Tehrani women and girls. However, a significant and inverse relationship was observed between the variables of religious belief and religious rituals and the tendency of Tehrani women and girls. Conclusion: The results show that the trend of modeling among Tehrani women and girls is obvious, it revolves around the axis of popular identity and individuality. The city of Tehran is moving with a kind of freedom of choice and differentiation from traditional to modern, in which being seen and consuming shows has become a part of women's lives.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between types of intelligence (general intelligence, emotional intelligence, successful intelligence, spiritual intelligence, moral intelligence and cultural intelligence) and life satisfaction mediated by mental health in students. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study was correlation. The statistical population of this study included all students of Tonekabon Azad University in the academic year 1399-1399 in the number of 4416 people. The sample of this study included 200 people from the mentioned community who were selected using non-random and available sampling method. Data collection tools included Life Satisfaction Scale of Diner et al. (1985), Cattell Culture (1949) General Intelligence Test (Bar9-On Emotional Intelligence Test) (1997), Sternberg and Grigorenko Success Intelligence Questionnaire (2000), Intelligence Questionnaire Spiritual King (2009), Link and Kiel (2005) Moral Intelligence Questionnaire, Early & Ang (2003) Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire, and Goldberg & Hiller (1979) General Health Questionnaire. Results: Data analysis using structural equation modeling showed that the direct effect of mental health on life satisfaction was significant (0. 69) (p <0. 05). The direct effect of intelligence on life satisfaction is 0. 37 and significant (p <0. 05). Also, there is a significant relationship between general intelligence and mental health (p <0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that mental health has a mediating role in the relationship between intelligence and life satisfaction of students. And increase student life satisfaction.

Introduction: The inherited pattern of Parkinson's disease varies depending on the gene being altered, which is dominated by both autosomal and autosomal recessive forms. Mutations in Parkinson's disease genes cause mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein accumulation, and autophagic stress. In most patients, mutations in different genes, epigenetic factors, environmental factors, age, or a combination of these factors are among the main causes of the disease. Methods: For bioinformatics analysis, first, all the genes and mutations of this disease were extracted using HGMD server. Then, using POLYPHEN and SIFT site, the effect of mutations in the disease was investigated separately. Common mutations were extracted and analyzed statistically. Results: The results showed that the genes LRRK2, SNCA are inherited with the dominant autosomal inheritance pattern and PARK7, PARK2, PINK1 with the autosomal recessive pattern inherited from the patient's parent. All mutations extracted from the Polyphen and Sift 181 databases included 18 mutations in the parkin gene with 38 known mutations, but the most destructive damage was found in the LRRK2, PINK1, and then PARKIN genes. Conclusion: Over the past 10 years, the etiological conceptions of Parkinson disease have changed from an almost solely environmental mechanism to a complex disorder with major genetic contributors. Identifying responsible mutations in specific genes, particularly α,-synuclein, Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1 and LRRK2, has revealed better understanding of Parkinson's disease's clinical and made pathological changes with implications for patient treatment, management and future study.

Introduction: The development of health tourism can be considered as a national strategy in order to increase the country's income as an economic arm, and health tourism is today one of the fastest growing sectors of industry and tourism in the world, which makes the organizations involved and countries interested in tourism development to pay attention to this part of the tourism industry and plan for it, and it is also one of the areas that health activists always emphasize on its expansion and improvement, and identifying the factors affecting strategic entrepreneurship in health tourism can play a great role in the field of health. This study aimed to design a model for leveling the factors affecting the strategic entrepreneurship of health tourism. Methods: The present study is a qualitative study based on interpretive structural modeling method during June to September 2020. The ISM standard questionnaire was used to collect data and Mick Mac software was used for interpretive structural analysis. The participants in the study were 11 people who were selected by non-random, snowball method. Results: According to the results of research literature and obtaining the opinion of relevant experts, service quality, competitive advantage, stakeholders, infrastructure, rules/regulations, tourist attractions, technology, and entrepreneurial management were identified as influential factors in health tourism entrepreneurship. Then, the final model was drawn using interpretive structural modeling. Conclusion: The quality of health tourism services and gaining a competitive advantage were considered as first level variables and entrepreneurial management was determined as the most basic element of the model.

Introduction: The present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress management and quality of life therapy on Hope and Spiritual health of couples Referential to divorce at behzisti of Ilam. Materials and Methods: This semi experimental study was conducted based on a pretest, posttest, and follow up design with two experimental and one control groups. The statistical population of the study included all couples seeking divorce in the city, Ilam, from which 45 people were selected by available sampling method. Of these 45 members, 15 were randomly assigned to divided into two groups of quality of life test group and stress management group, as well as one control group. Quality of life treatment and stress management therapy were performed in 8 sessions of experimental groups. And the members of the control group were on the waiting list and did not receive any intervention. The tools used in this study include the Hope Questionnaire, and the Spiritual health Questionnaire, in which participants answered questions in the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. Descriptive statistical methods, analysis of covariance and repeated measurement analysis of variance were used to analyze the results. Results: The results show that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups in terms of variables of Hope and Spiritual health (P <0. 001). Also, the level of Hope and Spiritual health in the experimental groups in the post-test phase was significantly different from the control group. Conclusion: quality of life Therapy and stress management therapy are new and important therapies in the treatment of family and couple conflicts that have been able to change the Hope and Spiritual health of couples seeking divorce.

Introduction: Research on health and body management and with the advent of the new age and consumer society, the appearance of the body has become very important for people in society,In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of general health in the management of male body athletes. Methods: In this study, in order to determine the sample size, the Cochran's formula of 381 samples was used as a multi-stage cluster sampling for an unlimited community. Independent t-test and Human Whitney were used for data analysis and SPSS software version 25 at the level of 0. 05. Results: The results show that there is a significant relationship between general health of athletes's body management (P <0. 05). Conclusion: General health seems to play an important role in body management components. In this regard, it is suggested that more studies be done to increase the external credibility of the research.

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the main cause of mortality in the world. Presence of significant stenosis in coronary arteries is the cornerstone of diagnosis and treatment in symptomatic patients. Although stenotic coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic lesion is the most cause of IHD, there is no important stenotic lesion(s) in major proportion of symptomatic patients (especially female patients). The aim of this article is to review recent literatures about the important differences of men and women in clinical manifestation, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis of microvascular coronary disease. Materials and Methods: The search was conducted for articles published between 2011 and 2021 in PubMed using the following key words: ''Women'' AND ['' Coronary microvascular disease'']. Data were collected by reviewing the texts. Results: Well defined risk factors of IHD may have important role in development of microvascular coronary disease, but exact mechanism of it is unclear. Disorders in coronary microvascular structure or function is common in women and may happen in the absence of stenotic epicardial coronary arteries, while is associated with cardiac events and mortality. Conclusion: There is limited data about non obstructive coronary disease. The prognosis of IHD is worse in women compared to men,it could be explained by identification of more cardiac risk factors in women and pay attention to different effects of risk factors between men and women, and presence of unique risk factors for women.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease, with both genetic and environmental factors influencing its prevalence. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effect of 6 weeks of resistance training on GLP1 expression in pancreatic tissue as well as glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: The statistical population consisted of all male Wistar rats of Pasteur Institute of Iran, from which 14 10-week-old rats weighing 220 ±,20 g were purchased. The studied rats were exposed to 6 weeks of high-fat diet and STZ injection of type 2 diabetes and were randomly divided into two groups (control and resistance). The resistance group then participated in a resistance training course for 6 weeks with 5 sessions per week. 48 hours after the last training session, fasting glucose and insulin levels and GLP1 expression in pancreatic tissue of both groups were measured and compared by independent t-test. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS / Win software version 16. Results: Resistance training improved fasting glucose levels compared to the control group. Serum insulin levels and GLP1 expression in pancreatic tissue of the resistance group increased significantly compared to the control group. Significant level of α,= % 5 was considered. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, increased serum insulin in response to resistance training in T2D rats may be attributed with increased Mafa expression in pancreas tissue.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder leads to acute behavioral disorders such as aggression in the inflected children. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of training mindfulness to the mothers of the children with autism spectrum disorder on the decrease of their aggression. Materials and Methods: the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and one-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included eighty five six-to-twelveyear-old children with autism spectrum disorder who referred to two autism rehabilitation centers in the city of Tehran (Shamim and Fariha) in the spring and summer of 2019. 20 people (14 boys and 6 girls) were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The mothers of the children present in the experimental group received twelve sessions of training mindfulness during three months. The research questionnaires included children’, s aggression questionnaire. The data were analyzed via repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: The findings of the present study showed that training mindfulness to the mothers of the children with autism spectrum disorder was effective on the decrease of their aggression (F=12. 06, Eta=0. 62, P≥, 0002). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that training mindfulness can be used as an efficient method to decrease aggression in the children with autism spectrum disorder through employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions and mindful behavior.

Introduction: An investigation to the predisposing factors resulting in addictive use of internet among students for eliminating such behavior and its consequences seems highly important. Hence, the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between personality traits and academic performance and internet addiction of high school second period students in Bijar, Iran. Methods: The method of the study was correlational descriptive. The statistical population of the study was all male students of high school second period in Bijar in 1397-98 academic year (2018-19). The sample of the study included 310 participants selected through random cluster sampling. Young Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEOFFI), and students’,average as the criterion for academic performance were all used for data collection. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between neuroticism and internet addiction (r=0. 29, P<0. 01), a negative and significant relationship between extraversion and internet addiction (r=-0. 24, P<0. 01), a negative and significant relationship between agreeableness and internet addiction (r=-0. 24, P<0. 01), and a negative and significant relationship between consciousness and internet addiction (r=-0. 41, P<0. 01). The findings also indicated that there was a negative and significant relationship between academic performance and internet addiction (R=-0. 12, P<0. 05). Also conscientiousness (P = 0. 01, β,=-0. 40) in negative and neuroticism (P <0. 01, β,= 0. 16) were able to predict Internet addiction positively. Conclusion: Personality traits of students and their weak academic performance play a role in addictive behaviors such as internet addiction.

Introduction: The issue of women's social security in public spaces has become one of the most important issues as it has a direct relationship with their participation and well-being in society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of social security of women and study the factors affecting it. Methods: The research method is a survey and the data collection tool is an interview-based on a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is all young women aged 15-75 living in Arak. The sample size is based on Cochran's formula and error compensation due to incomplete questionnaires of 400 people. A multi-stage cluster sampling method based on regions and statistical blocks has been used. ResultsThe results showed that the level of social security of women is slightly below average and among the components of security, women feel the most lack of psychological, occupational, financial, and personal security, respectively. Factors such as social capital, attitudes toward the police and gender values and attitudes, irregularities, high-risk lifestyles, economic and social status, age, and marital status are also linked to women's security through mechanisms such as social protection and social control. Conclusion: It can be recommended that policy interventions to strengthen women's social security should be aimed at improving their social and physical environments rather than behavioral characteristics. In general, a set of factors that have structural rather than behavioral characteristics affect women's social security.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in addition to it's high rate of transmission and high mortality, affects mental health of individuals, and since the rate of psychological trauma of traumatic events is wider and more enduring than that of physical trauma,the purpose of this study was to compare obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems in patients recovered from COVID-19 and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive causal-comparative study. 100 patients recovered from COVID-19 and 100 healthy individuals were selected as the research sample by available sampling method from students of Iranian universities of medical sciences. Both groups completed the Obsessive-Compulsive InventoryRevised (OCI-R) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multivariate analysis of variance were used. Results: The results of statistical tests showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all subscales of obsessive-compulsive symptoms except hoarding subscale and the mean scores of patients recovered from COVID-19 were higher in these components (P<0. 05). There was also a significant difference between the two groups in variables of sleep problems in all components except the subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and the use of sleep medication, and patients recovered from COVID-19 suffered more from sleep problems (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, development of appropriate educational and treatment programs to reduce the obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep problems in community members especially the patients recovered from COVID-19 is recommended.

Introduction: Family is considered the most important part of every society that maintaining its foundation can lead to the society growth. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory training on the couples’,marital satisfaction and marital burnout Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all the married couples with marital problems referring to consultation centers in the city of Hamedam in the autumn of 2018. 20 couples were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control group (each group of 10 couples). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of choice theoryintervention (Glasser, 2000) during two months. The applied questionnaires in this study included marital conflict questionnaire (Barati and Sanaei, 1996), marital satisfaction questionnaire (Enrich, 1998) and marital burnoutquestionnaire (Paienz, 1996). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test using SPSS statistical software. Results: The results showed that choice theorytraining has significant effect on the marital satisfaction and marital burnout (p<0. 001) in a way that this training has succeeded in leading to the improvement of marital satisfaction (54%) and decrease of marital burnout (46%) in the couples. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that selection theory training can be used as an efficient method to improve marital satisfaction and decrease of marital burnout in the couples through employing techniques such as explaining internal and external control and accountability.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and acceptance and commitment education on academic achievement of female students during the Covid 19 epidemic. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up period. The research sample consisted of 45 people (mindfulness experimental group: 15 people, acceptance and commitment experimental group: 15 people and control group: 15 people) who were among all female high school students in education and upbringing areas 1 And 2 cities of Sari in the academic year 1399-00 were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method and completely randomly (lottery). Measurement tools in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were the standard questionnaire of academic enthusiasm of Shuffle et al. (2002). For the experimental groups, mindfulness training and acceptance-based training and Internet-based commitment were performed in 8 sessions using Link Team software. During this period, the subjects of the control group received no intervention. They did not. Results: At 95% confidence level (α,= 0. 05), the results of analysis of variance in repeated measures showed that during the Covid 19 epidemic, mindfulness training and training based on acceptance and commitment of the Internet Axis has a significant effect on students' academic achievement. the effectiveness of acceptance-based education on academic achievement was greater than mindfulness education. Conclusion: In order to improve the academic motivation of students in the Covid-19 era, mindfulness training and acceptance and commitment training can be used. However, the use of mindfulness training is recommended.

Introduction: Studies show the effect of psychological and physical factors such as self-efficacy and pain on disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of group emotional schema therapy on self-efficacy and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: The research method is semi-experimental, and the research design is pre-test, post-test, follow-up with expanded control group. The statistical population included all patients with rheumatoid arthritis referring to rheumatology clinics and rheumatology departments of Shiraz hospitals. 45 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomly assigned into 3 experimental, placebo and control groups. Sherer General Self-Efficacy (1982) Questionnaire and McGill Pain (1997) Questionnaire were completed by all three groups of participants, before the intervention of emotional Schemas group therapy on the experimental group, after intervention and 3 months later. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), tukey post hoc test, Chi-square test and repeated measures analysis of variance, were used. Results: The results showed that emotional schemas group therapy had a significant effect on increasing self-efficacy and reducing pain (sensory, emotional, cognitive, miscellaneous and general components) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and their effects remained after 3 months follow up (p <0. 05). Conclusion: According to findings it can be concluded that emotional schemas group therapy can be used as a useful intervention to increase selfefficacy and decrease pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: The workload resulting from the occurrence of multiple couvid-19 virus epidemic and the psychological burden created causes anxiety in nurses. Therefore the present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of positive psychotherapy on the psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health of female nurses with anxiety symptoms. Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included the female nurses with anxiety symptoms in the city of Isfahan in the winter quarter of 2020. 33 female nurses with anxiety symptoms were selected through purposive sampling method and were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received positive psychotherapy online in 8 sessions of 75 minutes per month. The applied questionnaires in this study included anxiety questionnaire, psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health. The data were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The results showed that the Positive psychotherapy has significant effect on the psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health of female nurses with anxiety symptoms (p<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an efficient treatment to increase psychological empowerment and promotion of behaviors health of female nurses with anxiety symptoms through employing techniques such as a positive outlook on life and teaching optimism and hope for the future.

Introduction: Family is considered the most important part of every society that maintaining its foundation can lead to the society growth. Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of selection theory training on the couples’,marital satisfaction and marital disturbance. Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all the married couples with marital problems referring to consultation centers in the city of Hamedam in the autumn of 2018. 20 couples were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control group (each group of 10 couples). The experimental group received eight ninety-minute sessions of selection theory intervention (Glasser, 2000) during two months. The applied questionnaires in this study included marital conflict questionnaire (Barati and Sanaei, 1996), marital satisfaction questionnaire (Enrich, 1998) and marital disturbance questionnaire (Paienz, 1996). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test using SPSS statistical software. Results: The results showed that selection theory training has significant effect on the marital satisfaction and marital disturbance (p<0. 001) in a way that this training has succeeded in leading to the improvement of marital satisfaction (54%) and decrease of marital disturbance (46%) in the couples. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that selection theory training can be used as an efficient method to improve marital satisfaction and decrease of marital disturbance in the couples through employing techniques such as explaining internal and external control and accountability.

Introduction: The anticancer agent, busulfan, has been reported to adversely affect the male reproductive system such as damaging the sperm parameters. It was shown that L-carnitine and resveratrol can reduce busulfan side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these agents on the testicular sperm parameters and the expression of the protamine gene in the azoospermic rat model. Methods: A total of 78 Sprague Dawley male rats were included in this study and divided into six groups of thirteen rats: control, L-carnitine plus resveratrol (L-ca + RES), busulfan (BUS), busulfan plus L-carnitine (BUS + L-ca), busulfan plus resveratrol (BUS + RES), and busulfan plus L-carnitine plus RES (BUS + L-ca + RES). After 48 days, the sperm parameters and protamine expression were investigated. Results: The results showed significant improvement in the sperm criteria including the increase in sperm motility, viability, count and the expression level of protamine as well as the decrease in abnormal morphology and immature sperm percentage after treatment with L-ca and RES compared to BUS treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, treatment with L-ca, RES and their combination after administration of BUS may be useful to reduce the side effects of BUS on male fertility by improving the sperm quality. Moreover, our data indicated that the combination of L-ca + BUS + RES was more effective in regulating the cytotoxic effects of busulfan. Hence, we can consider the L-ca and RES as beneficial agents to attenuate the adverse effects of the BUS.

Introduction: Recognizing problems is one of the most effective activities in the implementation and continuation of macro projects. The health system transformation plan, like any other plan, has faced problems and issues. This study was conducted with the aim of pathology of the implementation of the health system transformation plan. Methods: During sampling by targeted judgment methods and snowballs with 15 experts and experts active in the field of policy making and implementation of health system policies and managers and medical staff working in medical centers-education affiliated to Iranian universities of medical sciences Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews continued until the data reached the theoretical saturation stage. Data extracted from the text of the interviews were analyzed using theme analysis method. Results: After analyzing and coding the data, the identified damages based on the three-pronged model in the form of three main themes: structural and process damages (8 sub-themes and 24 concepts), behavioral damages (4 subthemes and 14 Concept) and environmental damage (5 sub-themes and 21 concepts) were categorized. In total, the identified injuries were categorized into 3 main themes, 16 sub-themes and 59 concepts. Conclusion: It is suggested that the relevant authorities to improve the structural, behavioral and environmental (underlying) factors to increase the effectiveness of this plan to be useful in providing health and treatment of vulnerable groups in the country.

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to predict the tendency to divorce based on cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and primary maladaptive schemas in Iranian couples living in Iran and living in Canada. Materials and Methods: In terms of purpose, this research is a part of applied research, and in terms of implementation and method of data collection, it is a correlational descriptive type. The statistical population of the research is all Iranian couples who are inside Iran and reside in Canada and 5 years have passed since they lived together. Among the statistical population of the research, 240 couples (140 couples living in Iran and 110 Iranian couples living in Canada) were selected using available sampling method. In order to collect data from Johnson and Morrow's (1986) Divorce Propensity Questionnaire, Young's Schematic Questionnaire (short form, third edition, 90 items), Dennis and Vanderwaal's (2010) Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI) and Gross and John's Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (2003) was used. In order to analyze the data, correlation and regression tests were used, and the results of the correlation test showed that there is no relationship between cultural and social components with couples' divorce, and the relationship between initial incompatible schemas with a tendency towards positive divorce and the correlation between cognitive flexibility and adjustment An emotion with a tendency to divorce is negative. Results: The results of the regression test showed that the cultural and social components are not able to predict the divorce of couples and that the value of the standardized regression coefficient (Beta) for cut and rejection is equal to-0. 236, self-management and impaired performance is equal to 0. 432, limitation Impairment equals 0. 187, other orientation equals 0. 348, alertness and inhibition equals 0. 388, cognitive flexibility equals 0. 212, and emotional regulation equals 0. 155. Conclusion: According to the value of t-statistic obtained from among predictor variables, self-management and impaired performance, other orientation and heeding and inhibition positively and significantly predict the tendency to divorce.

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and happiness with marital satisfaction in married women of Isfahan city in a correlational design. Materials and Methods: The population of this research included married women living in Isfahan city. 270 married women living in Isfahan city were selected by voluntary sampling method and they answered Young's schema, Oxford happiness and marital satisfaction questionnaires. Research data were analyzed using statistical methods of Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression and SPSS-23 statistical software. Results: It showed that the predictor variables of schemas of emotional deprivation, insufficient self-control, and damage to loss and illness are negative predictors and the variable of happiness is a significant positive predictor of marital satisfaction, and happiness has the highest ability to predict marital satisfaction. Conclusion: It can be concluded that happiness, schemas of emotional deprivation, insufficient self-control, and damage to loss and illness, respectively, play a role in predicting marital satisfaction of married women.