THE APPLICATION OF CHEMISTRY IN ENVIRONMENT
Year:2012 | Volume:3 | Issue:10|Papers Count:8

The last few decades many efforts to improve their characteristics and electronic tons this matter is that most of the reduction can be as much as particles, with metal, which will cover you electron increase (often carbon dioxide). Cover stand if what has caused the leading electron But led to lower energy also be implemented because of carbon dioxide active. A bridge schoolboy PTh the cover of the article 350,000 tons to a great character to improve its in a way that the resistance of the tank electrode cathode to reduce And will increase capacity is a return of the composite rotor (LiFePO 4/PTh) Cycle Time a better investment compared to the type of pure LiFePO holder.

Water supply is one of the important consideration health promotions in any community. For this porpoise, Microbial and chemical quality of drinking water should be controlled in water supply network. In addition, distribution network itself co influence Water quality.To determine the relationship between the type of piping and growing microbial population, free cholor, turbidity, firstly water supply networks with different type including asbestos cement, iron ductile, pol yeti len, galvanize with maximum length where identified and then sampling was done instantaneously in different days of the work with similar water quality.results showed that mean (sd) of free cholor in different types of, iron ductile, asbestos cement,, galvanize, polietilen were 0.12 (0.55), 0.17 (0.45), 0.13 (0.51) and 0.1 (0.51), respectively, and turbidity Scale in different type were 1.17 (1), 1.59 (1.17), 0.52 (0.72) and 0.33 (0.61), respectively, and total bacterial Scale in different types in 11-12.C temperature were 155.57 (82.12), 29.59 (14.6), 53.09 (46.42) and 25 (21) receptivity, and in temperature 21-25 .C were 25 (12), IlI.74 (86), 244.8 (I 47.4) and 299.82 (269.8) receptivity.The findings suggest that bacterial variation can change water test and odour, formation of sludge layer on interior surface of piping, corrosion on piping surface, increase the bacterial population during Water supply and decrease free cholor after leaving treatment. With respect to the type of piping used in tabriz city and hardness water, it can be concluded that corrosion is mostly chemical and adding cholor can increase corrosion and influence chemical quality of drinking water. Therefore investigation of chemical characteristics of drinking water in distribution network treatment leaving seems to be necessary.

In this research photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) by nano-TrOs/U' V was studied. Effect of operating parameters, like irradiation time, catalyst dosage, pH and temperature was investigated. The results showed that the UV/Nano-TiO2 system able to remove significant amount of dye from aqueous solutions, so that within 60 min more than 99% of MB is removed. Study of catalyst dosage showed that the change of Nano-TiO2 amount, no significant effect on the removal efficiency. The effect of pH showed that the neutral and alkaline pHs are better than acidic pHs. Also, the removal efficiency showed no significant effect of temperature change.

So far various materials as posrtive electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries has been investigated.Ayntrklshn compounds such as transition metal oxides, especially LiCo02, LiNi02 and LiMn204 due to high voltage and recharge well have spread widely in the LiCo02 cathode material is commonly used." 55' s. Another alternative to LiCo02, lithium oxide - nickel layer is very difficult to synthesize LiNi02 with a stoichiometrically main obstacle on the way to the commercialization of this article. Moreover, a similar size+2 Ni and Li+ions to form a three-dimensional structure of two-dimensional layered structure is rock salt instead.Due in compounds LiCo02 and LiNi02 can thereby optimize their combinations better reached., One of the ways to increase the stability of the cycle, coverage particulate materials, cathode materials disabled, including A1203, Ti02, Zr02, MgO, Sn02 that these oxides oxides formed on the cathode are alternative means, such as minor cations: Zn, Mg, AI and Ni and Co substitution sites in the network structure and increase the capacity and cycle stability are established to prevent the cyclic stability of phase transitions particles on the surface of a cathode active materials from direct contact with the electrolyte to prevent and limit the dissolution or decomposition of cathode materials.

Hydrogels are the groups of Polymers network that their chains are cross linked to gether and Due to the ionic character and kind of their coherence; there are holes in the Polymer structure. It makes a lot of water in aqueous solution with out having to be dissolved in water to absorb. In this work, It can be Prepared AmphiphiJit Hydrogels in different amounts, by A.I.B.N is an lnitiatuer and N, N' (methyl en Bis acrylamide is a crosslinker in 70oc for 4 hours. The max swelling amound for different Hydrogels compound (0.15 AAm, 0.001NaAIg- 0.15, 0.005- 0.15AAm, 0.009NaAIg) were obtained in different pH, T, Ionic effect. The max swelling in different pH was obtained 3284.6% in pH=12. On the other hand, The max swelling in different T was obtained 3964.7 in T=90. Also the swelling amount was investigated in different Ionic effect and the amount of swelling was 2150% in Na2So4 (0.009g). The other Part of this work It can be studied structural of Hydrogel by FT -IR spectroscopy Thermal stability of Hydrogels was investigated by T.G.A thermo grams.

The main goal of this research study was the removal of Zn (II) from aqueous solutions using almond shell powder. The different parameters such as solution pH, almond shell powder and Zn (II) concentrations, contact time, ionic strength and temperature were studied to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity of the Zn (II) from water. Also, kinetic studies and equilibrium isotherms were investigated, too. About 90% of Zn (II) ions were removed from aqueous solutions at pH 5 after 50 min contact time and at room temperature (~25oC). Results show that removal efficiency of the Zn (II) decreased by increasing Zn (H) concentration and ionic strength of solution and increased by increasing the concentration of almond shell powder. The equilibrium isotherm was better described by Freundlich model. The kinetic studies indicate the adsorption of Zn (II) onto almond shell powder is followed a pseudo-second order kinetic.

Control and reduction consequences due to the release of pollutants, requires modeling the dispersion pattern of these gases from a source and investigating scope of dispersion and their environmental effects. Since steel industry is important as one of the indices of evaluation for being industrious of countries in the world, case study has been done on dispersion of output carbon monoxide pollutants of Takestan steel factory (industrial zones with high accumulation of population). Raw data have turned into tangible information by software in this project and then they have been discussed. For this purpose, developed software, PHAST 6.54 has been chosen that is one of the best and most exact provided tools to model dispersion of materials in environment.Information of process and also place and atmosphere conditions have been used as main input data to software.Among different atmosphere conditions, the most conservative and critical probable one is considered. How dispersion of carbon monoxide has been clear from chimney of Takestan steel factory in side view diagrams, completely based on concentrations related to different levels of health of any pollutant. By documenting to results obtained from modeling, it has been seen that for CO gas in view of 25m height of chimney, conditions of dangerous air can exist only in places more than 23m to 27m height and 36m distance from bottom of chimney. This gas has descended maximum to 22m height, there for it doesn't reach the ground that the main reasons is being lighter of this gas than air. The results of this research help society and industrial environment to investigate and suitable response to crisis obtained from releasing poisonous pollutants.

Reaction of l-phenylpyrazolidine-3, 5-dione with cyanogen bromide and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of N-methyl morpholin leads to the efficient formation ofa novel classes of stable heterocyclic 4- (4-nitrophenyl) - 1, I' -diphenyl-I, 2-dihydrospiro [furo [2, 3-c] pyrazolidin] -3, 3', 5' (4H) -trione and 4, 4' - ((3- nitrophenyl) methylene) bis ( l-phenylphyrazolidine-3, 5-dione) and (E) -4 (3, 4-dimethoxybenzylidene) -I- phenylpyrazolidine-3, 5-dione at 0 oC and 1- (4-nitrophenyl) -5, 5' -diphenyl-5, 6, 5', 6' -tetrazaspiro [2.4.4] andecane-4, 7, 4', 7' -tetraone at 70 oC. Structure elucidation was carried out by I H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy. A proposed mechanism was discussed for the formation of products. The reaction of 4-nitro Benzaldehyde with BrCN and 3, 5-pyrazolidine was afforded 4- (4-nitrophenyl) -1, l' -diphenyl-1, 2-dihydrospiro [furo [2, 3-c] pyrazolidin] -3, 3', 5' (4H) -trione, while 3-nitro Benz aldehyde were afforded 4, 4' - ((3-nitrophenyl) methylene) bis (l-phenylphyrazolidine-3, 5-dione), respectively.