Payesh
Year:2023 | Volume:22 | Issue:3|Papers Count:10

Objective(s): Surgical Site Infection (SSI) occurs within 30 days after surgery and involves the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the surgical incision. In addition to harming the patient, surgical site infection imposes a high cost on the health system. This research aimed to estimate the cost of surgical site infection in a hospital Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a university hospital in Kashan in 2016. The cost of diagnosis, treatment and care of SSI was identified and calculated by an experienced medical doctor and two experienced nurses by studying the patient's medical record. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 16) and using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results: The prevalence of SSI was 1. 04% in the hospital. The median additional cost attributable to SSI per patient was 33, 089, 572 Rials (997 US$), which includes the cost of medication (7, 838, 412 Rials), tests (1, 294, 244 Rials), imaging (1, 462, 692 Rials), re-surgery (7, 938, 158 Rials) and other services (14, 556, 066 Rials). The cost of SSI has a significant association with patient age, diabetes, type of surgery, duration of surgery, placement of device in the patient body, patient length of stay in the hospital before infection and patient hospitalization department (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Surgical site infection imposes a high cost on the patient, the health insurance organization and the hospital. Health system policy makers and hospital managers should use appropriate interventions to prevent and control surgical site infections.

Objective(s): Traumatic brain injuries are one of the most important causes of deaths and disabilities worldwide. This study was an epidemiological investigation of traumatic brain injuries in northeastern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was included all patients who referred to the emergency department of a referral hospital following traumatic brain injuries during a one-year period (September 2020 to September 2021) in Quchan, Iran. The data collection tools included a demographic information questionnaire, a self-designed checklist, patients’,records, radiology results, and brain CT scans of the patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: There were 757 patients (70. 7% males) with an average age of (30. 91 ±,18. 88) years. The most common causes of traumatic brain injuries were traffic accidents (50. 2%), fights (17. 2%), and falls from a height (14. 5%). The most common abnormal finding in brain CT scan was epidural hematoma (25%), the most common trauma was organ trauma (33. 56%), and the most common clinical manifestation was headache (44. 3%). All causes of traumatic brain injuries, except for falling the stairs, were reported more in men than in women. The incidence rate of traumatic brain injuries was calculated to be 7. 4 cases per 1000 people per year. Conclusions: The findings suggest the importance of preventing traffic accidents, fights, and falls from a height. This requires the revision and modification of macro-level managerial models of prevention services.

Objective (s): Pre-hospital emergency centers need proper equipment and facilities to provide adequate and satisfactory services. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the pre-hospital emergency equipment in Guilan province with the pre-hospital emergency medicine and equipment guidelines of the Ministry of Health of Iran (6th edition). Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in year 2022. All urban and road pre-hospital emergency centers of Guilan province were assessed (a province in the north of Iran). The conditions of the equipment were checked and determined based on the pre-hospital emergency medicine and equipment instructions of the Ministry of Health of Iran (6th edition). SPSS version 22 software was used for data analysis. Results: In all 78 centers were studied. The average score obtained for medical equipment was 556 (76%), non-medical equipment was 46 (63%), and in total, pre-hospital emergency centers scored 602 (75%) from the instructions for medical and non-medical equipment, which is classified as average. Conclusion: Comparing the condition of the equipment in pre-hospital emergency ambulances with the directives of the Iranian Ministry of Health showed that there is need for systematic planning to upgrade and improve the quality of the equipment, funding and continuous monitoring, which can lead to improve the quality of pre-hospital emergency services.

Objective(s): One of the effective programs in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders among nursing assistants is the use of educational interventions on patient handling. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of patient handling training based on Precede-Proceed model on musculoskeletal disorders among nursing assistants. Methods: This was a semi-experimental study conducted in 1401 on nurses working in a hospital in Kermanshah province, Iran. in the three stages before, one and three months after the intervention. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, the Nordic questionnaire, the body map scale, a visual analog scale and a musculoskeletal disorders prevention behaviors questionnaire including items based on the Precede-Proceed model. Data analysis was done in SPSS software. Results: In all 100 nurses were entered into the study (50 nurses per each group). Before the intervention, there was a significant difference in the rate and intensity of musculoskeletal disorders between the intervention and control groups only in some parts of the body, but after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the rate and intensity of the disorders between the two groups in all areas (P-value <0. 05) indicating the improvement in intervention group. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the score of knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, reinforcing and enabling factors and behavior in the intervention and control groups (P-value>0. 05), but after intervention, these scores had significant differences between the two groups (P-value<0. 05) showing improvements in the intervention group. Conclusion: The patient handling training based on the Precede-Proceed model had a significant effect in reducing the rate and severity of musculoskeletal disorders. Conducting more studies on a larger sample is recommended.

Objective: Nurses are the main group of care providers in healthcare institutions. The migration of nurses is worrying and has reached an alarming point in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the willingness of nurses to migrate and to assess its relationship with social capital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The statistical population was all the nurses working in educational and therapeutic hospitals of Gorgan, Iran in 2021. After random stratified sampling, 503 nurses were included in the study Data were collected by Chub Basti's Desire to Emigrate Questionnaire and Putnam's Social Capital Questionnaire. The data was analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics methods in SPSS-24 software and significance level was set at 0. 05. Results: The overall score of the questionnaire of willingness to migrate (0. 67 ±,0. 16) was relatively higher than the average level. The greatest impact on the desire to migrate was related to the dimensions of pull factors or attraction of the origin, push or repulsion factors of the origin, pull factors or attraction of the destination, and finally related to the dimension of the desire to migrate. The average score of social capital was 2. 98 ±,0. 56. The general score of willingness to migrate and all its dimensions had an inverse and significant relationship with the overall score of social capital and its dimensions so that as social capital and its dimensions’,decreased, the desire to migrate was increased. Conclusion: With the reduction of social capital in the nurses, the desire to migrate increases. To reduce the desire to migrate abroad, the need for increasing social and institutional trust through proper performance and solving structural problems seems essential.

Objective (s): The Covid 19 pandemic is highly contagious and may increase the likelihood of transmitting the disease to others especially to young people. Therefore, raising the awareness of young people about the preventive behaviors of the Covid 19 is very important. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessment of the effectiveness of a program based on the Health Belief Model on the promotion of preventive behaviors of Covid 19 in young people. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted among a sample of young married people aged 25-35 years in Shahrekord, Iran by simple random sampling method. For the intervention group, 6 virtual training sessions were held based on the structures of the health belief model during one month. Data collection tools included demographic information, a questionnaire based on health belief model constructs and a questionnaire of preventive behaviors. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18. Results: In all we recruited 100 young people into the study (50 in intervention and 50 in control groups). The results showed that there was no significant difference between the dimensions of the health belief model in the two groups before the intervention (P <0. 05). This difference was significant in the assessment one month after the intervention (P <0. 05). Regarding the structure of perceived barriers, despite the decrease in the mean score, this difference was not significant (P = 0. 07). Also, there was no significant difference in the mean scores of preventive behaviors between the two groups before the intervention (P <0. 05), while this difference was significant in the 1-month measurement (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The implementation of a program based on the Health Belief Model raises the level of awareness and, consequently, creates favorable attitudes towards performing Covid 19 preventive behaviors.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess factors affecting behavioural management of dental anxiety among dental students. Methods: The present study was conducted on 218 dental students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz (AJUMS), school of dentistry, Iran during 1 to 21 November 2020. The data collection tool included a self-designed questionnaire containing a number of questions for assessing students’,anxiety reduction guidelines, and behaviouralmedication anxiety control methods, as well as measuring key components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). The layout of the questionnaire and all its questions/items were designed on the website https: //survey. porsline. ir. Data were analysed using SPSS, version 23. The structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed using AMOS software version 26. 0. Results: A total of 246 dentistry students were invited to participate in the study. Out of 246 students enrolled, 218 (88%) students completed and sent the questionnaire. The results revealed that behavioural intention had a direct impact on the implementation of distinguished instructions. Likewise, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control directly influenced the behavioural intention. The fit indices indicated that the measurement might have an acceptable performance (GFI , = , 0. 86, CFI=0. 81 RMSEA , = , 0. 07, x 2 > /df 3),R2=0. 37. Perceive behavioral control and intention were the most important factors in explaining dental anxiety control behaviour. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the constructs of the theory of planned behaviour might have a preliminary acceptable fit for determining the factors related to the beliefs and behaviours of dental anxiety control. Further studies are needed to improve model fit indices. The future studies should determine which educational methods could better manipulate the predictive factors.

Objective(s): The fertility rate has decreased in Iran. This study was conducted to assess the attitude of childless married women towards childbearing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. A sample of childless married women referred to the comprehensive urban health service centers of Zanjan, Iran were selected by cluster sampling method. Attitude of the participants towards childbearing was evaluated by an instrument. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS software (Version 26) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: In all 220 women were studied. The findings showed that %61. 4 of the participants had positive attitude at a good level, 36. 4% had positive attitude at a moderate level and 2. 3% had positive attitude at a low level. The mean score of attitude towards childbearing was 70. 46 (SD=14. 87). The findings showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean attitude score towards childbearing and age (p=0. 788), housing status (p=0. 505) and income (p=0. 210). However, there were significant differences between the mean attitude score towards childbearing and educational level of the women (p>0. 001) and also employment status of women (p>0. 001) and their husbands (p=0. 024). Conclusions: The findings suggest that people with higher educational and employment status are less positive towards childbearing. Conducting educational and motivational programs for such couples seems essential.

Objectve (s): The total fertility rate in Iran has reached below the replacement level. This has created many concerns regarding the future of the country's population among policymakers in various fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of women's marital life satisfaction on the number of live children born. Methods: A sample of married women aged 18-44 living in urban areas of Kashan, Iran in 2022, using multi-stage cluster sampling method, were surveyed. To measure marital life satisfaction, a standard questionnaire was used. Results: A total of 385 women were studied. The findings showed that the mean number of live children born was 1. 43 children per woman. The women’, s marital life satisfaction was lower than the expected average and only 11% of the respondents reported a high level of marital life satisfaction. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that with the increase in the women's marital life satisfaction, the number of live children born increased significantly. Conclusion: The finding suggest increase in marital life satisfaction can increase the current level of fertility. Therefore, it is suggested that in the new population policies, attention should be paid to developing programs with the aim of improving marital life satisfaction.

Dear Editor, Infodemic refers to mass volume of information associated with a specific topic and its growth can occur explosively in a short period of time. This phenomenon is amplified through social networks and spreads such as a virus. However, on the other hand media literacy is a very special skill that is considered as one of the most important skills that one needs. Media literacy gives the ability to analyze and recognize published information. This paper aimed to introduce the role of media literacy in managing the health information epidemic.