Journal of Applied Sociology
Year:2020 | Volume: | Issue: |Papers Count:7

Introduction: Water crisis is the major threat to food security in the world. On a global scale, however, freshwater resources are not scarce. But, their uneven distribution across continents, countries, and social groups makes remarkable divisions in terms of access to water. The consequence of such contradictions leads to a divergence between ‘, water for nature’,and ‘, water for human activity’,approaches. While many experts aim to restore the right of water for nature, others give the priority to the right of access to water to produce food for human being. Urmia Lake is one of the most critical cases of environmental drought crisis during recent 50 years. This lake is located in the middle of Urmia Basin surrounded by more than 60 permanent and seasonal rivers and an important agriculture spot in Iran. Agriculture is also known as the major cause of water scarcity in this area. Many studies have addressed the factors affecting the UL crisis. They often focused on the responsibility of the agriculture sector and the farmers’,water abuse. In this study, using the interpretive approach and GT method, the understanding of the farmers regarding UL Basin, and the causes of persistent water crisis in this area, and farmers’,exposure to this phenomenon were discussed. Therefore, the main question is: how do farmers living or working in three provinces of East and West Azarbaijan, and Kurdistan understand and interpret the phenomenon of water crisis?...

Introduction: The increasing impact of cyberspace and social networks in different areas necessitates the need for more and more accurate attention by the scientific institutions. Focus on ‘, the impact of social networks on a specific cultural context’,is one area of study. Isfahan, as one of the civilizational areas with a long history in the cultural and social fields, is one of the cultural contexts that has a special role in the social and cultural changes for our country. Nearly two decades after the advent of the Internet and mobile phones in Iran, it may be a good opportunity to examine the works produced by academics and researchers in the context of scientific articles in this field. Certainly, one of the appropriate methods for this purpose is the systematic review method in which the statistical population is the existing research in the field under study. In this article, we seek to answer the following questions: What are the strengths and weaknesses of scientific articles written on the subject of social networks and cyberspace in Isfahan's field problematically, theoretically, and methodologically? And, on the other hand, what is the position of Isfahan`s cultural context in this research area? Finally, on the way forward, what are some suggestions for better policy making in this field of study?

Introduction: Work ethic is a fundamentally set of values based on moral virtues of hard work and diligence. Work ethic generally is associated with attendance and punctuality, character (honesty, reliability, self-discipline, self-responsibility), teamwork (respecting the rights of others, being a team worker, being cooperative, being assertive), good appearance, positive attitude and self-confidence, productivity, organizational skills, clear verbal and nonverbal communication, cooperation and good relationships, and respect for oneself and for other people. Work ethic is considered as an important need for every country because human labor with a strong work ethic can play a key role in realizing the national goals. But, many managers and employers believe that it is becoming increasingly difficult to hire workers who have a strong work ethic. Therefore, work ethic and the strategies to improve it have been highly considered. Regarding the cross-cultural studies, Muslim, developing and collectivistic societies have a stronger work ethic than Protestant or Catholic, developed and individualistic cultures. Work ethic obviously influences different aspects of human life, and it is, in turn, affected by micro, meso, and macro factors. While macro level puts emphasis on some wide-ranging causes like economic conditions, cultural values, and religion, meso levels refer to some organizational attributes. And micro levels put more value on individuals and personal attributes like locus of control. There are two indicators to assess work ethic,working hours per week, and national productivity of labor force. Although human labor in Iran with working 44 hours per week is considered as an appropriate work ethic, labor national productivity as another indicator of work ethic is not desirable in this country. The cross-cultural study of work ethic has not received any attention in Iran, and there is no research comparing work ethic between Muslim and Catholics. This research has tried to compare Iran as a Muslim, developing, and collectivistic culture with Italy as a Catholic, developed, and individualistic one. Thus, this research is trying to respond the following questions,1) is there any significant difference between Iranian and Italian employees in work ethic? 2) Is there any significant relationship between locus of control and work ethic among the Iranian and Italian employees?..

Introduction: These days the importance of art and culture as necessary capitals for growth and development has been highly recognized and the need for the economy to find new areas of investment for generating income, creating jobs and etc. has made many developing and developed countries to strive to make full use of their resources available for reaching sustainable development. Regarding this, by investing on their cultural resources, different countries try to promote the economic, social, and political development. On the path to national development, addressing cities and taking advantage of the city's opportunities to achieve urban development is a critical need. Optimal utilization of cultural resources to develop cities requires careful planning. Cultural planning, as the interconnected chapter of the three disciplines of cultural economics, urban economics, and urban planning, is considered to be a required tool for utilizing cultural resources for development. In order to design an optimal development plan, we need to have a complete and exact understanding of the current situation. In this regard, evaluating our performance in utilizing the cultural resources is the first step for any cultural development plan. Among the many existing criteria for cultural development trends of regions, cultural vitality is the most comprehensive one, which uses a combination of three indicators including: 1) the presence of opportunities for cultural participation,2) cultural participation,and 3) support for culture, and 54 variables. Cultural vitality reflects the situation of a community in the production, dissemination and support for art and culture as bases of cultural capital as well as cultural, economic, and social development. Cultural vitality can provide a detailed picture of the possibility for growth and exploitation of cultural resources because of the use of multiple variables. It also measures the study areas potential to exploit existing cultural potentials...

Introduction: Professional development is mainly related to how it is is influenced by job status and the balanced effect of job triangle-work, communication with colleagues, and personal development. The imbalance of this triangle for any unpleasant cause may lead to a number of negative attitudes toward work. Career plateau is one of them, meaning lack of promotion, lack of diversity and challenge in the job, it is an objective-subjective situation whose degree and type differ among different groups within a society and is influenced by individual abilities, organizational characteristics, privileges and opportunities available to individuals and their perceptions of these opportunities. "In this situation, the first question that comes to mind is whether this person wants to stay his remaining life in this organizational position? Many actors in the field of science and technology in science and politics and management in the field of higher education act as an activist. In this unfavorable situation, they only intend to protrude themselves and make abusive tactics and strategies, because the playground requires that they use these tactics. The name of this stream can be ‘, time to drown people’, . There are different views and perspectives regarding its areas and causes. Some sources of workplaces have been listed as two organizational and personal sources. The main objective of the present research is to analyze the sociological potential of the faculty members' potential in Iranian universities...

Introduction: Fashion is considered as a part of consumer culture which its consumption demonstrates the social identification of a person. Hijab fashion is used in different styles by women in Islamic societies. Additionally, fashion consciousness is influenced by a variety of factors that can be different according to the conditions prevailing in each society. Today, the improvement of communication technologies and the phenomenon of globalization have accelerated the changes in hijab fashion patterns and fashion consciousness among the consumers of this fashion. The purpose of the present research is to study the factors affecting fashion consciousness and Hijab fashion consumption of women in Isfahan...