Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 (11) |Papers Count:6

Cognitive Inhibition, as a component of executive functions, plays an important role in our life.The aim of this research was to construct and validate a new test (Boshra) for measuring cognitive inhibition and impulse control.225 elementary students (117 girls and 108 boys) were selected through a cluster sampling. Results of test-retest reliability (after two weeks) showed that the Boshra test possessed suitable reliability coefficients. The coefficients were.74 for the interference score and.84 for the time (p<0.001). Furthermore, correlations between the Boshra Test and the Stroop Word-Color Test tend to be moderate;.48 for the interference score and.42 for the time (p<0.001).The calculation of the distribution of scores showed that the distribution of the time and interference scores are almost normal. Results of this research showed that the Boshra test had satisfactory reliability and validity coefficients and it can be a suitable tool for measuring cognitive inhibition and impulse control.

Mother and child psychological features are important in developing feeding problem. Parenting stress is one of these issues. The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of training programs for parents in treating children’s feeding problems andreducing parenting stress. The present study was a semi-experimental research based on pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group.34 mothers whose children had feeding problems were chosen and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group was intervened using training program for mothers for six sessions. Mothers in the experimental and control groups were assessed in three time intervals, that is, pre-test (before intervention), post-test (after finishing training sessions) and the follow-up stage (22 days after finishing training sessions), by the questionnaires of feeding problems and Parent Stress. Findings of covariance indicated that training programs for parents significantly reduced the feeding problem of experiment group in post-test (p=0.004) and follow up (p=0.001). Also, this program reduced total stress (p=0.001), parent stress (p=0.001) and child- stress (p=0.05) in the post-test.Moreover, this program reduced follow-up total stress (p=0.001), parent stress (p=0.001) and child- stress (p=0.05) too. This finding confirmed that parent-child components are important issue in feeding problem.

Stress is a kind of person-environment relationship that is assessed by stressful person or beyond one's resources, as a result of which, the wellbeing and Welfare would be endangered.The purpose of this study was to predict the vulnerability to stress based on social support, resilience, coping strategies and personality traits among university students. The population of the present study was comprised of all students of Kharazmi, Islamic Azad, and Payam_e_Noor Universities of Karaj in the 2012-2013 academic years. The sample consisted of 375 students (240 girls and 135 boys) who were selected through multi-stage random sampling method. For gathering data, Check-list of Coping Skills (CS-R), Adult Resilience Scale (ARS), Social Support Scale (SS-A), Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Stress Syndrome Scale (SSI) were used. For data analysis, Pearson correlation test and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. Results showed that social support, resilience, problem solving and ineffective coping skills and the personality trait of neuroticism were correlated with vulnerability to stress (r=0.815) and explained 66.4% of variance of vulnerability, which is significant (P<0.01). Also, personality traits of extroversion, openness to experience, adoptability, conscientiousness, emotionally-focused, and less-effective coping strategies were not able to predict vulnerability to stress (P<0.05). According to the results of this study, for the prevention of mental impairment occurrence in students, it is necessary that some attention be paid to supportive and social resources. In addition, students should be taught personal and social problem-solving processes, so that through being exposed to such trainings, they could be able to use adaptive coping strategies in face of stressors.

The aim of this study was to predict tendency to drug abuse by using the differentiation and metacognition. For this purpose, the questionnaires of tendency to drug abuse (Wed, et.al.1992), differentiation (Skowron & Friedlander), metacognition beliefs (wells & cartwright-Hatton) were administered among 288 (137 female, 151 male) students at Razi University of Kermanshah. The analysis of the findings indicated that total scores differentiation predicted the tendency towards addiction. The analysis of stepwise regression differentiation of the subscales of metacognition indicated that among the five existing subscales, positive belief about worry (R=0.36), cognitive confidence (R=0.25), and cognitive self–consciousness (R=0.31) predicted the tendency towards drug abuse. Uncontrolled thought (R=0.26) and the need to control thought (R=0.30) did not predict the tendency towards drug abuse. Based upon the findings, it seems that among the students with low differentiation, superior tendency towards drug abuse exists. However, among the students with deficiency in cognition processes, the tendency towards drug abuse is more probable.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital attribution of women admitted to Isfahan cultural centers. This study was a quasi-experimental method and performed pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The sample of this study was inclusive of women referred to cultural centers of the city of Isfahan. Based on cluster sampling, among cultural centers of the city, the Family Center was chosen. Sample of 30 women who volunteered to participate in the workshop were selected and randomly divided into two groups (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The dependent variable in this study was women's marital attributions. The independent variable was counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment Therapy (ACT) which was offered in 10 sessions to the experimental group. The questionnaire was marital attribution from Bradbury & Fincham (1992). Data were analyzed by 19 SPSS software. The results showed that counseling approach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy was effective in overall martial document (P<0.01) and its dimensions such as evidence of stable and unstable (P<0.01), wholesale and retail instruments (P<0.01) and documents reprehensible-over (P<0.01). But, it was not effective in its internal and external dimensions of documents, internal and external to the spouse (p>0.05), attribution selfish and altruistic (p>0.05), and the attribution of intentional and unintentional (p>0.05) was not effective and did not cause a significant difference. Therefore, the study concluded that counseling approach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can improve marital attribution.

The present study aimed to predict the moral judgment in talent & non-talent female students of elementary schools based on individual-family values and self- concept. The study was correlational in nature.50 non-talent female students were selected using multiple cluster sampling and 50 talent female students selected using simple random sampling through students of elementary schools. Data were collected by using the questionnaires of individual–family values, self-concept and moral judgment and analyzed by multiple regression, Pearson correlation, and Fisher’s Z. The results indicated that individual-family values and self-concept significantly predict moral judgment in talent students. The values of religiosity, people, financial and knowledge significantly predict moral judgment in talent students (P<0.01).Individual-family values and self-concept can’t predict significantly moral judgment in nontalent students. In addition, results showed that there was significant difference between correlation of individual–family values and self-concept with moral judgment in talent and nontalent students. The results provide some evidence that individual-family values effect moral judgment in talent female students of elementary schools. In order to modify moral judgment and recovery process of moral reasoning development in 12-13 aged students, it may be useful to focus on the efficiency of family performance, especially values.