PEDAGOGIC AND LYRIC IN PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE STUDIES QUARTERLY
Year:2011 | Volume:- | Issue:8|Papers Count:14

In his glorious book, Spiritual Couplets (Masnavi-E- Manavi), by using colloquial elements in Persian Language, Molana Jalal-E-Dinn Mohammad Balkhi (Molavi) has tried to elaborate and interpret his given pedagogical and theosophical concepts for the people as whole. Thus, he has benefited from vernacular language and literature to make the speech more effective on audience in his masterpiece. At the present study, it has been dealt with extraction and classification of colloquial idioms, ranging from the smallest to the biggest speech unit (i.e. from morpheme to sentence) and implication of poetic evidences in Spiritual Couplet (Masnavi Book) at fifth tome where one may observe them under some titles including morpheme, lexicon, verb, composition, clause, sentence, ellipsis and iteration, adage (proverb).

Of outstanding human characteristics, as a talking animal is it's responsibility nature. With this regards Sadi Shirazi an experienced philosopher has considerable quantitative and qualitative opinions. In this, paper the term of responsibility as feeling of dependence and relationship with necessitous person will be discusses. According to Sadi's opinion, the governor should know, he/she is responsible of people's difficulties, and tries to correct their problems. He/She may forgive unfavorable behavior of peasant and in necessity advice and guide people. Governor is responsible for settlement of justice and preparation of public welfare, education and training. In addition the governor should provide public security, manage the behavior of authorized agents, preventing of injustice. On the other hand, he/she try to make supply necessaries of them. However, people should be faithful of governor and wishing his/her blessing and in case of necessity to obey him/her.

Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit. the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast changes of constitution era he is not indifferent to the political and social affairs and changes in the country. He can not be a resident of 'ivory tower'.Adib-ol-mamalek is one of the classic of this period .he tries to explain social and political contents in the form of ode - quasida -, fragment, couplet poem, multiple poem, return-tie composite-tie.In this survey for subjects such as: freedom mother country law science. have been studied in the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek. The result shows that science and knowledge words in comparison to the other words have more reflection in Adibs poetry ignorance has been blamed very much as well. Finally ignorance fighting of Adib is a good stimuli for the awareness of the public. specially when this in the form of satire facetiae so it makes people think about it.

"Eblis" or "Satan" is a well-know figure in the history of Creation . His especial Personality has been discussed in the religious , literary and mystical texts . Some of the great Islamic mystics – Such as Ghazzali, Ein- al ghozat , Sanayee , Attar and Moulana – have tried to justify his 'Big Sin' .Eghbal – e lahouri , the famous contemporary poet and philosopher has written about Satan too.Eghbal's viewpoint , of course , is different from the above – mentioned poets.In this article, the writer, has tried to discuss about Eblis or Satan in Eghbal and Attar's poetry.

Persian literature is one of the most affluent literatures in the world, being brimful of intrinsic emotions and passions and common various frames of time along vacillating history of this land. Many literal masterpieces have pedagogic aspects, including Molavi's Spiritual Couplets (Masnavi-E-Manavi), Boostan of Saadi, Hadiqeh of Sanaei, and Poetical Collectanea of Atar which their literal aspects are strong and laconic as in parallel with their pedagogic features. The extent of using pedagogic literature is extremely wide since in any case each work may give some instruction. In Persian poem, lyric literature is uttered in the forms of story, elegy, prayer, complaint (grievance), grumble and lyric recital as sonnet, quatrain, couplet and even ode. However, the foremost poetical frame is sonnet which is adopted in two meanings: 1- Passionate and emotional poems 2- Romantic poems.

Fire in Molana s poem is presented in manners of Allusion, Allegory, Metaphor, symbol, Figurative language and etc.some times fire "builds" and sometimes "burns", It examines and rnelts and plags humans. We see fire, divine dimension and devilish dimension in Islamic Gnosticism. Fire reminds Molana  so many memories which could be found in his works as God‘s feeling and his manifestation, prophetss’ love, admittance difficulties, love, the fire of inner four temperaments, power of carnaldesires, the love of universe and its properties, the fire of the Hell and the fire itself and etc. Different various traces have been found in the fire as, warming, burning, making, up rising, expanding, light deffusing, chasting. Molana believes that all these features could be extremely existed in spiritual passion as well as they are more objective Fire is repeated %2.89 in ditches or verses of Shams poetical works and %1.78 in virtual verses of Molana. The synonyms of the word “fire” are used a lot by Molana but in the contents of Metaphor, Allusion and symbolism nothing could be found exactly instead of fire itself. In poetical works Masnavi, Fire is used as love of passion, power of avidity, jealousy force from literary point of view of course more than Divan. Fire can be traced as color through which the fire of wine or fire and sun or fire blood. In this present paper is presented the functions of fire in Molana s in verse works.

Considering and analyzing Molana (Rumi)'s Masnavi through different approaches can be very helpful to understand this great book. The process of composing Masnavi has been always an interesting subject for Molana researchers and scholars. What is obvious is that Molana has written Masnavi intuitively but there is a little known about the quality of the process. The present paper attempts to reveal as much as possible of the process of composing Masnavi by Molana under different titles such as times, addressees, Molana's method, Molana's states, and etc.

Khaghani shervani, a great literarian of Persian literary in 6th century, is the first master poet in Persian speech as supposed highly in many aspects of lecturer. The used meanings through the khaghani's poem was ignored as his using of metaphors, art poems and scientific expressions, which are his own style.Manifesting Gnostic thoughts an concepts in Persian poetry coused many poets to exercise their nature, to express their ideas in the field.Specially some issues, frequently manifested through khaghani's poems, are Gnostic and suffis concepts the general study of his thoughts from the view is more extent than the essay so in this essay is tried to examine the poverty concept- he knows himself as a theories in the field.

Persian ancient manuscripts are a huge treasure of didactic and ethical thoughts and ideas so that nowadays despite of all its tremendous advancements, pedagogy and didacticism should exploit from such spread and abundant table. Khajeh Nasir Al- Dinn Tousi (597-672 Hegira/ 1199-1274 AD), as Master of Human (Ostad Al- Bashar), is included in those ones who has spared no effort in pedagogical, didactic and advising affairs and admonishment like his fellow citizen i.e. Khajeh Nezam Al- Molk, in addition to politics and statesmanship. He was a philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, teacher, chancellor, literary figure, poet, and critic and he is one of the unique well- known people and prodigies who was born upon time of cultivation and prosperity of Toos City in 597 Hegira (1199 AD). Khajeh Nasir Al- Dinn Tousi's ideas and thoughts concerning to training and education and rearing children and their moral aspect have remarkably drawn people's attention in this field.

Taking into account the plentiful of evidence in prose and rhymed works of Persian literature, it can be said that all of the authors of literary works have reverberated some beautiful and durable features of Quran and its sublime wisdom and devoted all their lives to service in the school of Quran and didn't neylet any effort to pursue this path. The emphasis of the holy Prophet regarding the virtue of praiseworthy voice and hadiths quoted from His Majesty, caused the Persian authors and poets, especially mystics and sufis, to turn their attention towards this matter. On the whole, two general views are widely stated in Persian literature about recitation of holy Quran: in the first view, good recitation has been appreciated in prose and rhymed works, and many stories and anecdotes have quoted in its support. In the other view, some of the authors and poets such as Sanai, Saadi, and Jami, in addition to support and emphasis on the former view by some authors such as blamed the blameworthy recitators and idle qaris mostly with a critical and amendatory intention and sometimes with the tools of satire and jesting reminded some valuable points to train and advice. In this dissertation it was tried to analyze and criticize both of these two views.