IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (IJEM)
Year:2014 | Volume:16 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Different studies showed fat intake in childhood and adolescence has long term effects on health, increasing the risk of non communicable disease in adulthood. In Iran the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is increasing, while the age of incidence has decreased. The aim of this study is evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents, aged 10-19 years, in Ahvaz.Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytic cross sectional study was conducted in the Ahvaz health center, using multistage cluster sampling. After giving complete information to participants about the research, written informed consent was obtained from each participant or their parents and questionnaires were completed for all participants. Blood sampleing, and demographic information including waist, height and weight were measured by standard methods.Results: In this study, 2239 adolecents, aged 10-19 years were enrolled; 1117(49.9%) boys and 1122(50.1%) girls. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia according to AAP was 29.9 %(boys 32.8%, 27.1% girls). Compared to boys, mean total cholesterol and LDL were higher in girls, aged between 10-14 years. Lipid factors were more prevalent in 14-15 year old girls and in 16-17 year old boys. Prevalence of hyperlipidemia increased with increase in BMI.Conclusions: Dyslipidemia has a significant prevalence among adolescents in Ahvaz, necessitating special attention be paid to educating people on diet and exercise to prevalence condition.

Introduction: Nowadays, obesity is a major public health problem in the most developed countries and its persistence impacts the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Compared to genetical and other behavioral factors, the viral origin of obesity has been less studied, which is why we undertook to assess the prevalence of human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) antibody and its association with obesity and lipid profiles in a Tehranian population.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 348 individuals were selected randomly from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical factors were measured and the human Adv36 antibody was determined using the ELISA method.Results: The prevalence of seropositive Adv36 was 61.8% (N =215), and that of anti-Adv36 was lower in overweight and/or obese subjects in comparison to non-obese ones (57.3 vs. 68.6%; p<0.05). Children and adolescents with Adv36 seropositive had higher mean height, weight, waist, TC, LDL-C, TG, DBP, and SBP and lower HDL-C. Adv36 seropositive adults had higher mean height, weight, and TG and lower HDL-C.Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of Adv36 in this Tehranian population, no significant correlation was found between Adv36 seropositivity and BMI, although, it has been associated with lipid disorders. Therefore, further research using neutralization confirmatory methods is recommended.

Introduction: Self-care is a dynamic process for controlling diabetes. The aim of study was to determine the role of family support in encouraging self-care for patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods: This study was performed in Mashad Health Center No 2 with 950 participants, using the cluster sampling method. The study tool, a researcher-made questionnaire with validity and reliability of r =0.85, covered demographic data, patient information, percept self-care, self-efficiency, and family support. The inclusion criterion was having diabetes type II for at least one year. Family support as an independent variable, self-care as an dependent variable, and demographic factors were the background factors. Data were analyzed by SPSS v16, using T-test, Chi 2 and logistic regression models.Results: Among 1340 participants, 33.5% had irregular diabetes control, whereas married patients (p= 0.076) with small families (p= 0.042) and higher education (p=0.001), males (p=0.002), urban areas (p= 0.001) had better self-care. Among the different aspects of self-care, therapeutic care ranked first, followed by diet control and foot care ranked last. Higher family support enhanced self-care and therefore higher weight loss (p=0.066), more decrease in blood glucose (p=0.075), and more normal HbA1c (p=0.056).Conclusions: Self-care was higher in male married patients, small families with higher education, urban area and those with longer duration of diabetes. Among different aspects of self care using medication had the highest rank whereas foot care received the least attention.

Introduction: This study compares the effects of modified diets containing legumes on fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles in patients with type II diabetes.Material and Methods: In this randomized crossover trial, 24 subjects with type 2 diabetes, age range of 50 to 80 years, were selected and randomly assigned to two groups, one receiving diets of therapeutic lifestyle change (controls) or the other, with therapeutic lifestyle change with legumes (replacing meat with 2 servings of legumes in their therapeutic lifestyle change diet, three days a week). Period of each diet was 8 weeks with a 4 week wash out period. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure the fasting plasma glucose and blood lipid profiles (LDL-C, triglycerides, HDL-C, total cholesterol).Results: Compared to the therapeutic lifestyle change diet, in the group with the therapeutic lifestyle change diet with legumes, diet were fasting insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased (P<0.05). After 8 weeks intervention fasting plasma glucose and LDL cholesterol in both diets significantly reduced compared with baseline values (P<0.05), while, no significant change was observed in HDL cholesterol.Conclusions: Replacement of 2 servings of legumes instead of meat 3 days a week in the TLC diet resulted in improved total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the effect of twelve weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of leptin, vaspin, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in obese middle-aged women.Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 sedentary, middle-aged women (mean±SD age 48.30±3.02 yr, body mass index 30.89±3.23 kg/m2 and body fat 32.88 ±2.71%) were randomized into the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed twelve weeks aerobic training (3 times per week at an intensity of 65-75 % of maximum heart rate reserve). Blood samples were collected 24h before and 48h after the training. Data was analyzed by Student's t-test (P< 0.05).Results: Results showed a significant decrease in serum levels of leptin and MDA (P values 0.009 and 0.01 respectively) while TAC significantly increased (P=0.01) in the experimental group. Body fat percentage significantly decreased in the experimental group (0.0001), but serum vaspin levels were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.93).Conclusions: Regular aerobic training is associated with weight loss and reduced body fat in obese women. As leptin production occurs in adipose tissue, subsequent decrease in body fat percent, serum leptin levels also occurred. On the other hand, aerobic training can improve oxidation/anti-oxidation in the body by reducing MDA concentration and increasing TAC.

Introduction: There is very little information about the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome at the community level; heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and lack of universal agreement on the definition of each criterion for population based studies complicate comparability of existing literature. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in a large community-based study conducted in the southwest of Iran.Materials and Methods: A total of 646 reproductive-aged women were randomly selected using the stratified, multistage probability cluster sampling method. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome according to the Rotterdam criteria and its various phenotypes were estimated using universal assessment of ultrasonographic parameters, hormonal profiles and clinical histories.Results: The estimated prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in this population based study using the Rotterdam criteria was 14.1(n=85). There were 279 (46.3%) women who had no symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome and were completely normal. Among women with polycystic ovary syndrome, phenotypes A, B, C and D were observed in 11, 19, 42 and 13 women, respectively.Conclusions: The most common symptoms observed in this study in order of frequency were hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary on sonography and menstrual disorders, indicating the need for more studies on the priority of paraclinical assessment, based on universal agreement on definitions for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Humans can rarely be used as experimental models in medical researches, because of ethical issues. Therefore, some animal models, which have physiological systems similar to humans, are commonly used. In this regard, rats and mice are the most favorable species in research models. The thyroid gland has a key role in human growth and development and is essential for normal functioning of the body systems and tissues. The aim of this study was to review rat and mouse models of hyperthyroidism.Materials and Methods: Related articles published between 1975-2014 on hyperthyroidism in rat and mice were searched in Pub Med.Results: Hyperthyroidism can be induced in animals using different doses of thyroid hormons (T3 and T4) by oral administration, injection, or with the diet. In addition, transgenic mice could act as a model of hyperthyroidism for the design of specific model of hyperthyroidism, such as Graves' disease.Conclusions: Animal models of hyperthyroidism could be used for studying the disease, treatment and identification of the molecular mechanisms involved. Pharmacologic agents are mostly used for creating animals models of hyperthyroidism because of their easy availability and low cost, compared to genetic techniques that are costly and expensive.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of dairy products plays an important role in prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this review article is to examine the relation between dairy intake and its nutrients with metabolic syndrome and its components.Material and Methods: The key words “dairy”, “calcium”, “milk” with “metabolic syndrome”, “cardiovascular disease”, “obesity”, “type 2 diabetes”, “hypertension”, “oxidative stress”, “inflammation” were used for a search in the pub med database between 2000-2013. Appropriately designed epidemiological and interventional studies and review articles of quality were included.Results: Most studies showed that dairy consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. Calcium, proteins, bioactive peptides and dairy fatty acids have protective effects on the metabolic syndrome. The main mechanism of calcium causing a decrease in a risk of metabolic syndrome is attributed to regulation of calcitrophic hormones, binding with bile acids, increased fecal fat excretion, regulation of intracellular calcium and change the metabolism of other electrolytes such as sodium. Milk protein, especially whey protein caused improved lipid profiles, hypertension, insulin sensitivity. Dairy fatty acids also improve oxidative stress, inflammation, inhibition of liver transcription factor and activates lipogenesis genes.Conclusions: Increased consumption of dairy products can decrease the incidence and development of metabolic syndrome and its components.