Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal
Year:2013 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Background and Objectives: According to the role of the health behaviors in preventing diseases, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of an educational program based on the Health Belief Model on preventive behaviors of the urinary tract infection among women.Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 170 women with history of the urinary tract infection referred to four hospitals in Tehran were selected via convenience sampling method. The participants were allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received the educational program. Data were gathered using a self-structured questionnaire including demographic characteristics and items on the health behaviors related to the urinary tract infection at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using the expert panel opinions (r=0.81), and the Cronbach's alpha test (a=0.93.). Data were analyzed using the Man Whitney test, Chi-Squared test, and the Wilcox on test. The P<0.05 was considered as the significance level.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline regarding the health behavior scores. Comparison of the mean scores of the total health behaviors and five subgroups showed significant differences between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the score of the treatment regimen adherence (P=0.07).Conclusion: According to the positive effect of this program designed based on the Health Belief Model; this program can be used in order to prevent urinary tract infections among women.

Background and Objectives: Regarding the important role of peers in health behaviors of adolescents suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, this study aimed to assess the effects of an educational program on the knowledge and behaviors of the peers of students with Type 1 diabetes in Shahre kord in 2012.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 64 students were randomly assigned to the experiment and control groups. Data were measured using the knowledge questionnaire (14 knowledge questions and six demographic questions) and the 8-item behavior scale at baseline and one month after the intervention. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated for the knowledge questions (0.82), and the behavior items (0.76). Data were analyzed using the t-test, and the Chi-squared test with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The mean scores of the knowledge and behavior scales did not differ significantly after the intervention in the control group. After the intervention, the mean scores of the knowledge and behavior scales were increased in the experimental group (p<0.001). There were no relationships between the educational levels of parents with the knowledge and behavior. There was a significant positive correlation between the knowledge and behaviors of the students (r=0.65).Conclusion: Given the positive effects of peer education, peers training programs are recommended to be implemented in schools.

Background and Objectives: Regarding the importance of pleasure in people’s psychological well-being and the quality of parents’ care-taking behaviors, the present study compared the anhedonia among parents of children with or without mental retardation.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 parents were recruited to the study (27 parents of mentally-retarded children and 25 parents of healthy children) using the random-sampling method. Data were gathered using a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and the Snaith–Hamilton`s Anhedonia items based on four factors and the 5-scale Likert. High score showed high capacity of pleasure. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the Cronbach's Alpha (0.86). Data were analyzed using the logistic regression, t-test, and descriptive statistics.Results: The results showed that parents of mentally-retarded children had lower scores in all factors of the anhedonia in compare with the parents of healthy children (p<0.001).Conclusion: Parents with mentally-retarded children experienced anhedonia. It seems necessary to codify pedagogical patterns and to increase social supports for parents of mentally-retarded children.

Background and Objectives: Self-care training is an important issue among patients. The aim of this study was to assess the educational needs for self-care training among patients with coronary artery disease.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 patients were recruited from the Shahid Mohamadi hospital in Bandar Abbas in 2011. Data were collected using a 22-item questionnaire including demographic characteristics and needs assessment items (four dimensions) in a Likert-type scale. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content validity and the Cronbach's alpha (0.81). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA tests with 95% confidence coefficient.Results: The results showed that of 18% (36) of patients were the least. The educational needs were moderate in 44% (88) of patients and high in 38% (76) of the patients. The most educational items in the dimensions of cardiac disease, activity and rest, cardiovascular drugs and diet were the symptoms of cardiac disease 82% (164), exercising program 90% (180), medications 76% (152) and limitation of food supply 76% (152), respectively. There was a significant relationship between the educational needs and the literacy levels (P=0.04).Conclusion: The findings showed that most of the patients had moderate to high educational needs about the cardiac diseases and its conditions. It is necessity to provide educational programs based on the need assessments, especially in patients with low literacy. 

Background and Objectives: Patient satisfaction is an important concept and priority in health system. The aim of this study was to assess patients' satisfaction from nursing care in hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 450 patients who had undergone surgery during six months were selected to the study. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire. Patients' satisfaction was measured in a 5-point Likert scale.Results: The overall satisfaction of patients pre- and post operation was at an optimum level of 83.6% and 89.1%, respectively. The mean overall satisfaction with nursing care was not statistically significant before and after the surgery. Patients' satisfaction after the surgery was significantly related to the education, gender and residential area (p<0.05).Conclusion: Most patients were satisfied with the nursing care before and after the surgery. Patient satisfaction should be measured at the time of discharge as an evaluation index.

Background and Objectives: Obesity is a social dilemma. Lack of adequate physical activity in adolescence is one of the main causes of obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the obesity and physical activity among female adolescents in west region of Tehran.Material and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 385 students were recruited to the study using the multistage random sampling. Physical activity status was assessed using the standardized 7-item physical activity questionnaire. The obesity status was calculated with body mass index and the Triceps skin-fold thickness according to the NHANES1. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA, Chi-squared test, Spearman correlation and Kappa coefficient in 95% confidence level.Results: According to the Triceps skin-fold thickness, 18 per cent of the participants were overweight and obese. This per cent was increased when the obesity was measured according to the body mass index (15 per cent). About half of the participants had low levels of physical activity. The third graders had the lowest levels of the physical activity. There were no statistically significant relationship between the anthropometric indices with the physical activity.Conclusion: High-graders had less physical activity. Physical activity should be encouraged among the students.

Background and Objectives: Providing safe blood and prevention of blood-borne infections are among the most important purposes of the Blood Transfusion Organization. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV infection and their determinants in Zanjan blood donors from 2005 to 2006.Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV infection was determined for a total sample of 29716 blood donors. Information on age, gender, educational level and marital status of the donors were collected. Eliza and confirmatory tests including RIBA and Western Blot were used to detect the positive samples for the infections. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency tables.Results: From 29716 blood donors, 104 (0.3%) were positive for HBsAg, 33 (0.1%) for HCVAb and none for HIVAb. The prevalence of Hepatitis B increased with increasing age; it was greater in married than single and in illiterate than literate donors. Both B and C viral infections were more prevalent in the first time donors compared to the repeat donors.Conclusion: Although the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV infection was low in Zanjan blood donors, for providing a safe blood supply, educational programs and screening strategies among high risk groups such as those with lower levels of education, married and first time donors are recommended.

Background and Objectives: Since the barriers to the clinical education can adversely affect nursing profession goals; the purpose of this study was to investigate apprenticeship and internship nursing students' views about facilitators of and barriers to the clinical education in Sanandaj School of Nursing and Midwifery.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, viewpoints of all 160 apprenticeship and internship nursing students studying at Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences were investigated. Data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire including demographic characteristic and 64 questions about facilitators and barriers of clinical education in eight domains using five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity based on the expert views and the reliability was investigated using the Cronbach's alpha (0.78). Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics with 95% confidence interval in the SPSS.Results: The most cited facilitator of the clinical education from views of the apprenticeship (n=64; 57.1%) and internship (n=33; 68.8%) students was the relationship between instructors and students. The lack of facilities in hospitals was the most cited barrier of the clinical education from the apprenticeship students viewpoint (n=45; 40.2); whereas the attributes of the clinical instructors was the most cited barrier among the internships (n=22; 45.8%). There were statistical differences between the apprenticeship and internship students viewpoints on the students' satisfaction from rules and regulations and the teaching methods (P<0.05).Conclusion: Regarding the effectiveness of the clinical education in acquisition of nursing skills, it is necessary to improve clinical education to reduce the existing challenges.