Iranian Journal of Endocrinology & Metabolism
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:10

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of camel and cow milk on blood sugar and lipid profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus, who injected lantus insulin.Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with diabetes mellitus, using lantus insulin injections were randomly allocated two groups of camel milk receivers (19 patients, mean age 59.84± 1.05) and cow milk receivers (17 patients, mean age 49.47 ± 2.93). The two groups consumed 500 mL of either camel milk or cow milk daily for three months.Results: Changes in mean glucose levels of the camel milk group were significant, over the study duration and (P<0.05).HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups (P<0.05). There was significant reduction of the insulin dose required in the patients receiving camel milk (13.71%), compared to those who received cow milk (0.25%; P<0.05). In the group receiving camel milk, there was a significant increase in HDL-C levels (P<0.05). There was no difference in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and lipid profiles between the two groups at the end of study (P>0.05).Conclusion: Camel milk decreased blood sugar, HbA1c and required the insulin dose required in diabetes mellitus patients, who inject lantus insulin and in could also contribute to glycemic control in these patients.

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, a major cause of death and disability, is increasing worldwide. Considering the data available on folk medicine in Iran, this study aimed to investigate hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the aqueous extract of the plant, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. et Hohen (Thymus. K)in patients with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This study is a clinical trial in which 64 patients, aged 30-60 years, with confirmed diagnosis of Type II diabetes treated with usual anti-diabetic drugs normally were randomly divided into two groups, 1. (receiving usual drugs) and 2. (Receiving Thymus. K aqueous extracts 20 gr/day with conventional therapy). Three months later, indicators of glycemic control and lipid profiles were reassessed in both groups and compared with baseline values respectively.Results: Results showed that the groups receiving the aqueous extractThymus. K (20 gr/day for three months) in addition to usual drugs, showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in FBG and Hb A1C levels and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the beta cell function index (HOMA-Beta) while significantly reducing (p<0.05) is LDL-C levels.Conclusion: The aqueous extract of the plantThymus. K in patients with type II diabetes along with the usual anti-diabetic drugs, led to better control glucose levels and also helped lower of LDL-C levels.

Introduction: Empowerment of diabetic patients and education of their families in order to participate actively in the care and treatment of these individuals is important. The aim of this research is determine the effects of the family-centered empowerment model on the life style, selfefficacy and HbA1C levels of type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, seventy diabetic patients were allocated randomly to the case and control groups. Firstthe“modified life style questionnaire”, “self-efficacy questionnaire” and HbA1C were used for data collection in the two groups. Then the family-center empowerment model was used in the intervention group, and the empowerment model without family participation was used in the controls. Three months after the intervention, the questionnaires were administered again and HbA1C values were measured in two groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS20, and statistical methods including Chi-square test, exact fisher test, t-test and the paired t-test.Results: No significant differences were observed in demographic factors, life style scores, self-efficacy scores and HbA1C values between the two groups before the intervention. Three months after the intervention life style-and self-efficacy scores were increased and HbA1C valueswere lower in the two groups, although the changes were higher in the intervention group and were significantly different to those of the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the family-centered empowerment model was more effective than the non-family-based empowerment model.Therefore, considering the family's role in the promotion of patients’ self-efficacy and improvement of their life style, application of this training method is recommended in Comprehensive Health Services Centers in order to better management of diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: This study was aimed to determine the relationship of variables of psycho-social behaviors in mothers with healthy nutritional eating behavior in primary school students of district 5 in Tehran.Materials and Methods: For this a cross- sectional study, samples were selected by the cluster sampling approach. In total, 200 students were selected from non-government schools in district 5 of Tehran. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, including the Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (YAQ), the food frequency questionnaire, the socio-demographic questionnaire, and the Health Action Process Approach questionnaire. Data was analyzed using LISREL 8.8.Results: In the motivational phase, risk perception (P<0.05, b=-0.40), outcome expectation (P<0.05, b=0.34) and task self-efficacy (P<0.05, b=0.23) were significantly associated with nutritional intention behavior. Moreover, action planning was significantly associated with coping planning (P<0.001, b=0.27), two factors accounting for 59% of variance coping planning for diagnostic validation. In the voluntary phase, action planning (P<0.001, b=0.32), coping planning (P<0.001, b=0.27) and proactive improvement (P<0.001, b=0.31) were positively related to healthy nutritional behavior, which explained 79% of the variance.Conclusion: A strong correlation between psychological - social behavior variables in healthy nutritional behaviors of mothers and students’ showed that mothers play a vital role in promoting children's nutritional behaviors.Students training programs should involve mothers in all educational nutrition interventions.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are risk factors for development of chronic diseases. Selfefficacy beliefs are direct predictors of a wide range of health behaviors. This study aimed to determine the effects of an educational intervention based on self-efficacy on the preventive behaviors of overweight and obesity among secondary-school female students in Mashhad, Iran.Materials and Methods: For this research, a quasi-experimental study, with a before and after design was used for which 70 secondary school female students were selected by the step sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (35 cases and 35 controls).The data was collected using the weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (WEL). Educational programs were implemented for the experiment group and results were evaluated after the intervention by SPSS software.Results: Before the intervention, the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of average scores of self-efficacy structures for control of eating behaviors in situations, associated with positive or negative emotions, availability of food, social pressure and physical discomfort (P>0.05). After the intervention, however average scores in all situations were significantly increased in the experimental group (P<0.001). Average scores in all situations in the control group were not significant after the intervention (P>0.05).Conclusion: An educational intervention training based on lifestyle self-efficacy models could efficiently improve adolescents’ self-efficacy in situations related to positive or negative emotions, availability of food, social pressure and physical pain, emphasizing the benefitial effects of implementing a self-efficacy strategy in an educational intervention program to promote nutritional behavior in adolescents.

Introduction: With increasing weight, the risk of developing various heart diseases increases.Although exercise is effective in controlling obesity, and the molecular mechanism of this effect is not well known. This study aims to identify, rank and analyse changes in the expression of key proteins in overweight individuals after aerobic exercise training.Materials and Methods: Transformed proteins expressed in skeletal muscle of overweight adolescents were analyzed in a protein-protein interaction network, using Cytoscape software. Key elements of the interactome and the biological processes associated with protein clusters were identified and analyzed.Results: Seven key genes and two important gene clusters related to the network were introduced.The elements of the first cluster were related to 30 important biological processes that control sugar and nucleotide metabolism. The NAD metabolic process was introduced as the most important biological process.Conclusion: Expression of seven key genes with various impacts is altered in overweight adolescents. The PKM gene, as the key gene, plays an important role in the activation of pyruvate. PGK1 was identified and introduced via the network analysis. Considering the importance of each of the seven genes identified and the related processes, the feasibility and ground work for possible drug treatment can be facilitated.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components.Materials and Methods: In this matched nested case-control study, 441 MetS subjects and 844 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Portions of DNA samples were genotyped with HumanOmniExpress-24-v1-0 bead chips (containing 649, 932 SNP loci) in the Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study.Results: Mean ages of men and women did not differ between cases and controls. Frequencies of the C (rs3764261) and A (rs5882) alleles were 62.9% and 62.1%, respectively, and did not differ in cases and controls. Compared to CC (rs3764261) genotype, low HDL-C risk was decreased in subjects with the AC+AA genotypes (P<0.001). Interactions were observed between Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, total fat intakes and rs5882 in relation to risk of low HDL-C (Pi=0.02 and 0.05, respectively).The risk of high blood pressure across quartiles of trans-fatty acid and cholesterol intake differed in rs5882 genotypes (Pi<0.05).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated no interaction between rs3764261, rs5882 polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to MetS; neither were MUFA and trans-fatty acid intakes associated with rs5882 genotypes in relation to risk of high blood pressure and low HDL-C.

Introduction: Adipose tissue, both white and brown, play an important role in energy homoeostasis. These tissues contain three types of adipocytes, white, brown, and beige (brown-inwhite) adipocytes. The beige adipocytes of white adipose tissue, have a white fat-like phenotype and upon stimulation change to a brown fat-like phenotype, leading to increased thermogenesis, a phenomenon called browning. Obesity, a risk factor for the development of diabetes, with an increasing prevalence worldwide, depends not only on the intake-consumption ratio of calories, but also on the ratio of white-to-brown adipose tissue. Browning of white adipose tissue in humans is associated with beneficial metabolic effects. Nitric oxide deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase enzymes (classic pathway) and also independently from nitric oxide synthase- (nitratenitrite pathway). Nitric oxide production from the nitrate-nitrite pathway could potentially be used as a nutrition-based therapy in obesity and diabetes. The aims of this review is to summarize the properties of adipose tissue browning, and also, the browning effects of the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide. Based on literature available, administration of nitrate and nitrite can be considered to be a new treatment for obesity and diabetes. Nitrate and nitrite increase browning of white adipocytes by increasing nitric oxide and can improve metabolism.