BREEDING AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCES QUARTERLY
Year:2014 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

Occurrence of skeletal disorders, one of the common difficulties in fish larvae, are related to a poorly understanding of the relationship between environmental, genetic and nutritional parameters. X-ray analysis is an effective technique to characterize early stages of skeletal deformities in fish larvae and radiological examination of their vertebral column can provide plentiful information regarding bone composition as well as skeletal abnormalities. Hence, this investigation was aimed to study the skeletal deformity of Caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) larvae radiological method in response to different dietary P levels during early developmental stage. For this purpose, six semi-purified diets, including A, B, C, D and E supplemented with 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6% available P were formulated and fed as five percent of body weight of larvae three times a day for 60-day experimental period. At the end of experiment, Standard Length (SL), Head Length (HL), skull index and number of vertebrae were measured on the X- ray pictures. The results showed no significant difference among treatments in terms of measured morphological indices. X-ray analysis showed skeletal disorders, including kyphosis, twisted haemal and neural arches, and irregular vertebrate column in treatments. The skeletal abnormalities had highest incidence in treatments with a low P. Kyphosis placement of the vertebrae was the most frequent abnormality.

This study evaluates the effects of four anastasian extracts of Clove flower, Oregano, Lidocaine, Sodium Bicarbonate on blood parameters. The amount of cortisol normane in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) (96 silver carps in average weight of 200 g and 18 cm length) was distributed in 4 treatments which anastasied with these extracts and one more treatment as a control. The blood samples of each treatment were gathered and pH, temperature and Do were measured during the experiment. The blood parameters which studied were RBC, WBC, Hb, HTC and the cortisol hormone. The RBC of the treatment which anastasied by Lidocaine, Clove and Oregano had significant differences with the control (p<0.05), but the treatment which exposed by Sodium bicarbonate had no significant difference with control (p>0.05). This shows that Lidocaine in this kind of fish was the best anesthetic in times of 10 min and 24 h.

This study was carried out to examine reproduction characteristics of Sand Gobby (Neogobius pallasi) from March 2011 to March 2012, in the Babolroud River (Northern Iran) using electro-shocker and 194 specimens were caught. The variables of total length, standard length, body weight, age, gender, gonad’s weight, egg’s diameter, and liver’s weight were measured and recorded. To determine the fish’s age, their scale was used. The total length and weight of males and females were97.75 ± 20.80 (SD) mm and 14.77 ± 10.10 g, and 88.06 ± 12.60 (SD) mm and 10.03 ± 5.05 g respectively. Age readings showed that age composed of five age groups of (0+, 1+, 2+, 3+, 4).+The gender ratio of female to male was 1.15 to 1. The egg’s diameter was ranged from 0.2 until 2.4 mm. The mean of ova diameters was 1.11 ± 0.28 mm (SD). Absolute fecundity ranged from 400.20 to 1292.80 and mean absolute fecundity was 684.53 ± 2.24. The mean GSI for males and females was (SD) and 0.33, 3.06 (SD) respectively. Mean condition factor (CF) was estimated 1.37 ± 0.14 (SD) for the males and 1.37 ± 0.13 (SD) for the females.The mean of HIS (hepatic index) was calculate from males and females.

The aim of the present research is to survey the effects of environmental and biological factors on Rutilus frisii kutum migration in the southwest region of Caspian sea. For this purpose Sampling was carried out by gillnet cooperatives company in Tonekabon city from November 2013 to April 2014. The total catch per unit effort was calculated as 220 kg. Rutilus frisii kutum contains 69% of the total catch in fishing cooperatives. Samples age range were in age groups of 1-7 age which among the age groups listed, had 4-year age group with the highest frequency rate (51/1%) and 1-year age group had the lowest frequency (0.8%). The highest frequency of Rutilus frisii kutum length classes Has been in the range of 38-42 cm and a frequency of 34.7 percent. The Rutilus frisii kutum weight changes range in caught samples were 240-2240 kg. The most frequency of weight class has been in the 840-640 weight class which are included 30.5 percent. Male fishes were more than female fish. The results showed quantitatively remarkably increase in Rutilus frisii kutum stocks over the past decade, as indicated elevated levels of catch rate than when the rivers was in very good condition. But we observed changes in stocks qualitatively that the most important growth factors such as length, weight and age of Rutilus frisii kutum than in past years. The findings indicate that the impact of environmental factors on biological factors. As well as biological factors rather than environmental factors were a greater impact on catch and migration.

The family of Scenedesmaceae is known as one of the important microalgae which belongs to green alga ChloropHyceae. Scenedesmus has been studied for their possible efficacy as bioresources for applications as fish feed, human food, supplemental human nutrients and pH armaceutical products. Thus, four treatments of alum (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/l) with three replications accompanied with the control treatment without alum were tested under identical conditions. The results of this experiment showed that there was a direct relationship between the rate of coagulation with alum injection rate in which after 5 minutes alum injection in treatments of T4=30, T3=20 and T2=10 into flask containing micro-algae Scenedesmus, they were starting to hang and coagulation together. In treatment one (T1), with 5 ml concentration of alum injection, it was 10% after 15 minutes and then after 210 minutes, micro algal Scenedesmus cells came out of suspension, adherent cells and precipitated. While in treatment four (T4) with 30 ml concentration of alum injection, 80% of micro algae precipitated after 15 minutes and more then after 25 minutes around 80% of micro algae Scenedesmus cells came out of suspension, adherent cells and finally precipitated and the supernatant got clear and transparent. In treatments of 2, 3 and 4, pH changes reduced after alum injection. Since the micro algal biomass intake is an essential process and includes more than 30% micro algal of cost. Therefore with using of this procedure the cost showed noticeable reduce and applicable.

This study was conducted to survey the body shape changes and development of external morphological characters of Angel fish (Pterophyllum scalare), during early development from hatching up to 51 days post hatching (DPH) using geometric morphometric technique. For this purpose, a total number of 108 specimens were collected. To extract body shape data, the left sides of the specimens were photographed using a digital camera. Then nine homologous landmark-points were defined and digitized on 2D pictures using tpsDig2 software. Landmark data after GPA, analyzed using Relative Warp Analysis. A cluster analysis was performed to identify clusters between age or size groups i.e. identifications of the larval stages. The results revealed that body shape changes of this species during early development are occurred in two phases, including (1) increasing body depth and length and depth of head and (2) increasing body depth, length of caudal peduncle and posterior displacement of eye that provide vital biological functions e.g. feeding, respiration and swimming according to their priorities. Based on the results of geometric morphometric analysis, the early development of Angel fish can be divided into five stages, including (1) Eleuthero-embryo (2) Propterygio larval (3) Pterygiolarval (4) younger juvenile and (5) juvenile that is in agreement with development of external morphology.

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of zinc and Hazard quotient (HQ) in muscle of the carp aquaculture fish [commoncarp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), big head carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)] in Khuzestan province. Farmed fish sampled was prepared from warm water fish culture center in 2014. Zinc concentration measured by wet digestion and atomic absorption spectrometer Perkin Elmer 4100. The results showed that the highest zinc concentrations between fish muscle was on grass carp equal to 15 mg/ kg wet weight with the exception of the amount of Zinc in the muscle of other fish studied were significant difference (P>0.05). The Hazard quotient in fish related was in gras carp (HQ=0.021±0.002), Big head (HQ=0.02±0.003), silvercarp (HQ=0.019±0.002) and common carp (HQ=0.018±0.002) that the highest Hazard quotient were in grass carp. Hazard quotient in all samples was less than one and so fish nutrition had no risk in terms of the amount of Zinc in the human body.