JOURNAL OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS (JOURNAL OF ORNAMENTAL AND HORTICULTURAL PLANTS)
Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:7

The impact of phenylphthalamic acid (PPA) rates including 0 (PPA0), 1000 (PPA1000), 2000 (PPA2000) or 3000 (PPA3000) mg L-1 and perfect fertilizer rates including 0 (PF0), 100 (PF100), 200 (PF200) and 300 (PF300) mg L-1 was studied on vegetative and reproductive growth of ornamental pepper plants. To realize this, a factorial experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. It was found that the interaction between ‘ PPA × PF’ improved the measured traits; so that the shortest time to flower initiation (55. 40 day), the shortest time to fruit set (62. 93 day) and the highest fruit number (98. 12 fruit) were related to the application of ‘ PPA2000 × PF200’ . Plants treated with ‘ PPA2000 × PF300’ exhibited the most number of flowers (117. 36), number of flowering stems (7. 4), diameter of flowering stem (3. 7 mm), plant height (45. 83 cm), fruit fresh weight (6. 71 g), fruit dry weight (3. 79 g), plant fresh weight (21. 96 g) and plant dry weight (15. 17 g). Also, this treatment exhibited the highest fruit anthocyanin content and total chlorophyll. Conclusively, the application of ‘ PPA2000×PF200’ is recommended because of the lower consumption of perfect fertilizer and the greater effect on traits having a beautiful and economic value for ornamental peppers.

The goal of this study was to examine how different light combinations and timing of supplemental lighting affect the vegetative and reproductive responses of pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Rose). The present study was designed as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized block design with three replications and two factors of timing of supplemental lighting (night-interruption and day-extension) and light combination treatments consisting of different proportion of blue (B, 467 nm) and red (R, 625 nm) light with high pressure sodium lamp (HPS) serving as control. The light combination treatments (65 μ mol m-2 s-1) included 100% R, 85% R: 15% B, 70% R: 30% B, and HPS. Our results showed that the plants exposed to 85% R: 15% B had the highest foliage fresh and dry weights (2. 06 g and 0. 23 g), stem diameter (1. 42 mm), leaf area (44. 72 cm2), and leaf number (16. 5), and plants exposed to 100% R had the highest root fresh and dry weights (1. 63 g and 0. 39 g) and height (6. 17 cm), respectively. The results showed a significant interaction between light combination and the timing of supplemental lighting on Chl a, Chl b, Chl total, and carotenoids contents and flowering time. Night-interruption supplemental lighting in exposure to 85% R: 15% B led to the highest Chl a (0. 86 mg g-1 FW), Chl b (0. 52 mg g-1 FW) and Chl total (1. 51 mg g-1 FW) contents. The highest carotenoids content (0. 69 mg g-1FW) was obtained from night-interruption supplemental lighting under 70% R: 30% B. Night-interruption supplemental lighting was related to the shortest time to flowering (56 days after seed sowing), but it did not differ significantly from day-extension supplemental lighting under 70% R: 30% B.

In order to improve the quality of cut rose ‘ Dolce Vita’ , an investigation was performed with 20 treatments, 3 replications, and 2 plants in each replicate in a greenhouse with the open soilless culture system. The treatments included control (distilled water), putrescine (Put) at the rates of 1, 2 or 3 mM, spermidine (Spd) at the rates of 0. 5, 1 or 1. 5 mM, spermine (Spm) at the rates of 1, 2 or 4 mM, calcium sulfate (CS) at the rates of 2. 5 or 5 mM, and the combined treatments of Put + CS and Spd + CS. The traits such as stem height, flower length and diameter, stem fresh weight, vase life, and leaf mineral uptake including N, P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn were measured. According to the results, the combined application of polyamines (PAs) with CS had a significant influence on increasing the parameters such as stem height, flower length and diameter, stem fresh weight, and vase life. The rose flowers treated with Put 2 mM + CS 2. 5 mM, Spd 0. 5 or 1 mM + CS 5 mM showed the highest vase life (16. 2, 16 and 16 days, respectively) compared to other treatments. The combined application of PAs and CS enhanced the uptake of minerals when compared to their individual application. The plants sprayed with Spd and CS exhibited the highest Ca uptake. Generally, the results showed that PAs and CS increased quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rose flower ‘ Dolce Vita’ in soilless culture system due to the increased uptake of minerals. It can be inferred that the foliar application of PAs and CS sulfate can be effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative traits of this cultivar.

efficient regeneration of Petunia × hybrida F1 'Opera Supreme Pink Morn', a simple in vitro micropropagation protocol was developed. Axillary bud explants dissected from 30-day-old in vitro-grown seedlings sprouted from hybrid seeds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 36 combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA; 0. 00, 0. 50, 1. 00, 2. 00, 3. 00 and 5. 00 mg l-1) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0. 00, 0. 10, 0. 50, 1. 00, 1. 50 and 3. 00 mg l-1). The BA alone at 0. 50 or 2. 00 mg l-1 was found to be best for shoot length, shoot number, node number, and leaf number than other concentrations of BA and BA in combination with NAA. The highest number of shoots (8. 44) and the maximum average shoot length (13. 16 cm) were recorded on MS medium supplemented with 0. 50 mg l-1 BA without NAA. Root length (5. 20 cm) and root number (8. 77) were the maximum in the medium containing 0. 10 mg l-1 NAA. The plantlets regenerated in vitro with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully established in pots containing peat and perlite and grown in a greenhouse within 4 weeks with a 100% survival rate. The regenerated plants were morphologically identical with donor plants and did not show any detectable phenotypic variation. Overall, BA at 0. 50 or 2. 00 mg l-1 had a better effect on shoot system than other concentrations of BA and BA in combination with NAA. NAA induced more root formation and root growth than BA.

In vitro propagation of C. morifolium cv. ‘ Homa’ and cv. ‘ Delkash’ and wild C. coccineum via direct and indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were investigated. BAP at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg l-1 or NAA at 0, 0. 05, 0. 1 and 0. 2 mg l-1 concentrations were used to induce direct and indirect organogenesis of shoot tip explants. To study the callus induction and somatic embryogenesis, the young leaf explants were cultured on MS medium containing BAP (0, 1, 2 or 3 mg l-1) and 2, 4-D (0, 1, 2 or 3 mg l-1). Direct shoot regeneration was achieved from shoot tip explants of ‘ Homa’ and ‘ Delkash’ as well as C. coccineum. The highest number of shoots through direct regeneration (13. 78 and 8. 89 shoots per explant for C. coccineum and C. morifoilum ‘ Homa’ , respectively) were observed in the treatment with 2 mg l-1 BAP and 0. 05 mg l-1 NAA. In both species, the highest frequency of callus formation and embryogenesis were obtained on medium containing 2. 0 mg l-1 2, 4-D and 2 mg l-1 BAP. Genetic fidelity of 10 acclimatized plants derived from direct regeneration of each species was confirmed using six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) primers. A total of 56, 56 and 39 fragments were amplified for IRAP, ISSR, and SCoT, respectively. In general, our results showed that finding a better response of explants to embryogenesis or organogenesis in a specific cultivar and with special PGRs combinations and concentrations play an important role in the in vitro propagation efficiency of chrysanthemum species.

In order to evaluate the effect of different Trichoderma isolates on reducing the effects of drought stress on Polianthes tuberose flower, two factorial experiments were carried out based on a completely randomized design with three replications. In the first and second experiments, the first factors were Bi and 65 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum at three levels (0, 10, 20% v/v) and the second factor in both experiments was three levels of drought stress (25, 50, 100% field capacity). The results showed that both isolates increased biomass fresh and dry weights and root dry weight of Polianthes tuberosa plants exposed to stress conditions. Biomass fresh weight was increased by 4 g at 25% stress level by the isolate Bi and 14 g by the isolate 65, indicating the growth of this flower in the presence of Trichoderma fungus. The amount of proline in the treatment of isolate 65 at 20% stress level was increased compared to other levels of the fungus at 25 and 50% stress levels. Relative water content and leaf green area were enhanced when the two fungal isolates were applied under increasing stress levels. In general, it seems that the isolates Bi and 65 of Trichoderma harzianum have different effects under drought stress conditions.