JOURNAL OF THE MARCO AND STRATEGIC POLICIES
Year:2016 | Volume:4 | Issue:15|Papers Count:8

Transforming the educational system, improving the quality of teacher training, professional and cultural education competencies, and incessantly increase in scientific merits and capabilities of teachers are considered in general policies. Learning management and adjustment of educational practices improves the academic performance of learners. In this study, after collecting metacognition literature and expert’s opinions about models and meta-cognitive components, suitable model for student-teachers of FARHANGIAN University were inquired by in-depth qualitative interviews with 11 peoples. Results were analyzed using Grounded Theory. In the third phase, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire based on the model and its components a=0.96 was designed. Expert’s opinions about the appropriateness of the model and its components were collected. The findings were also confirmed previous models and proportionality of these models, provided new combine and topics to previous discussions in the field of metacognition in order to student-teachers training. Metacognition construct, consists of three components of metacognitive knowledge has 5 sub-sets, metacognitive regulation has 8 sub-sets, metacognitive beliefs has 4 sub-sets that involve totally 70. How training includes three components of the how present includes three sub-sets, how contents includes three sub-sets, time and place of training have two sub-sets and involve totally 20 indicators. Why training includes three components: teachers individual promoting includes four sub-sets, teachers professional promoting has five sub-sets, student’s individual promoting with three sub-components and involve totally 40 indicators.

Nowadays, development of tourism types is one of the most important research topics in the area of human geography. Because the tourism, on the one hand, has different types and on the other hand, it can have profound and positive effects on the mundane and spiritual dimensions of the human life and geography areas. Development of tourism types in each geography area may encounter with different driver and barriers. Alongside the management structures and physical and mundane prerequisites, dominant tourism pattern on area’s tourism system is one of the factors that has positive and negative effects on its tourism development. Halal tourism is the behavioral-functional pattern that the goal of present research is assessment of its effects on Iran' s tourism types. This article is fundamental and descriptive-analytical research.Method of gathering data is survey by the expert’s questionnaire. The sample consists of 25 tourism professors of Tehran universities. The method of data analysis is Weighted Sum Model (WSM) and Shannon Entropy is used for weighting of indicators. Research findings indicate that the tourism Halal pattern can have different effects on the development, efficiency and affectivity of each type of the country' tourism and this pattern can be a driver factor for some forms of tourism and as a limitation factor for some. The results show the Halal pattern can lead to development of some types of tourism such as religious, cultural, historical, health tourism and ecotourism, while it considers as a limiting factor for development of leisure, marine, adventure tourism.

One of the most important economic roles in any system is a support for low-income and fair distribution of income. More equitable distribution tools of income can be tax exemptions that are mainly performed to correct on income distribution and poverty reduction. In developed countries, individual income tax exemption has a more comprehensive and attention. One of these tax exemptions is related to people with disabilities. Our study shows that in most capitalist countries disabled income or their heads is tax exemptions or deductions targeted. But in Iran, support for disabled mainly in the form of a fraction of the cost of treatment and care of their taxable income. Supporting the disabled community with the goal of promoting health and empowering them is one of the main topics of general policies of the health system. In this research we show, if the taxable income of disabled people or their heads in addition to medical expenses, accepted as a tax exemption or increase income tax exemption ceiling, could be beneficial in reduction of income inequality that is one of the objectives of tax policy.

Some studies point out, under the assumption of the particular combination of market imperfections in both the goods and asset markets not only explain the short-run behavior of exchange rates but are also the driving force behind it. Indeed, they constitute the key element to its understanding. This paper shows that a combination of local currency pricing, heterogeneity in goods distribution, and noise trader expectation, as imperfect market, may combine to produce very high exchange rate volatility. The data in this article are related to the fixed prices in the year 2004 and run annually from 1966 to 2013 in a per capita basis. Having logarithms taken, the variables are de-traded through Hodrick-Prescott filter. The final model equations are linearized around the steady state and using Uhlig (1999) approach accidental equations are also linearized and are specified as space state pattern in Matlab software. Finally, the calibration of parameters is assessed, variables are simulated and compared with real data. The results show that the introduced model can simulate the impact of shocks on macroeconomic variables. It also shows that a money supply shock in local currency pricing, increases of the domestic consumption and thus causing a depreciation temporary of the home currency. Also, with increase in inverse of elasticity of money demand parameter, the exchange rate's response will be more to the domestic supply money shock. We find that the change in noise trader expectation can increase the nominal and real exchange rates volatility. This model shows that there is relationship between exchange rates and any macroeconomic aggregates, then "disconnect exchange rate puzzle" does not establish for economic Iran. We suggest that the government with the increase of "Tobin tax" can reduce the exchange rate volatility, of course the effect of a Tobin tax on exchange rate volatility depends crucially on the structure of the foreign exchange market and the interaction of the Tobin tax with other trading costs.

An indication of the development of any society, is set up and manage business by women entrepreneurs. Women's participation in economic activities has a key role not only in the development of women' s capabilities and skills, but also in economic and social development. In this paper, the impact of women labor, man labor, income and inflation on the business environment index were studied for the 8 selected developing countries (including Iran) during the period 2006 to 2014.The empirical results from employing panel cointegration method with Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) technique show that women labor has a positive impact on the business environment index.

This paper examines the impact of health on female labor supply in the eight developing countries using of health variable (fertility rate), real wage, education and urbanization, by using Eviews software, in the period of 1995–2012. The research result using of fix effect method shows that all of the relevant variables (fertility rate, real wage, education and urbanization), have significant impact on female labor supply. Among these factors, the variables of real wage and female health (fertility rate) have negative impact, and the variables of education and urbanization have positive impact on female labor supply in D-8 countries. Furthermore, education and urbanization have the most impact on female labor supply. -0.012 coefficient of health (fertility rate), in this research show that fertility rate has negative impact on female labor supply in D8 countries. That is, the decrease in fertility rate result to more participation in market as a labor that operating result of fewer recruitment of female because of pregnancy, childbirth, etc.

By increasing global population and energy consumption, the environmental pollution due to human activities has also increased. In other word the different growth rates of population in industrialized countries and developing ones, requires the use of energy on the environment has been affected. Considering the importance of this issue, this study aimed to investigate the effect of population growth on the environment both industrialized countries (G7) and developing countries (D8) for the period 2012-1990 using panel data. The results showed that in industrialized countries, population growth has a direct impact on pollution, but not significant at the appropriate level. But in developing countries this is a direct and significant effectiveness.

Most important topics of country’s foreign policy are listed in the 20-years Vision and General policies. Foreign policy system should act under and according to goals and policies of these two upper hand documents. The aim of this study by using descriptive-analytical method, is to describe the goals of 20-years Vision of Iran and general policies in the Fourth 5-year Development Plan, and also evaluate the actions of foreign policy system during the 2005 to 2009 in the case of nuclear, holocaust, Look East approach and how to interact or conflict with Latin America. Results show that the government's foreign policy goals during the mentioned years, is not very consistent. This is due to the aggressive and provocative approach by government, along with some kind of position and orientation of subjective idealism over realism in foreign policy, will be explored.