Journal of Paramedical Science and Rehabilitation
Year:2018 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:10

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare topographic characteristics in bilateral keratoconus (KCN) patients with unilateral Vogt’ s striae. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional contralateral eye study, the KCN patients that were enrolled in this study had a reliable diagnosis of bilateral clinical KCN with unilateral Vogt`s striae based on slit-lamp signs, as well as corneal topographic/tomographic maps. All the cases underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), cycloplegic refraction (calculated by vectorial analysis), and placido disc-based Tomey topographer (TMS-4; Tomey, Germany). In this study, clinical and topographic characteristics of all cases were evaluated and compared between the contralateral KCN eyes with Vogt`s striae and those without Vogt`s striae. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the parameters with a normal distribution and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the non-parametric parameters. P-value <0. 05 is statistically significant. Results: Fifty patients aged 20 to 38 years (27. 43± 5. 46) were recruited in this study. Our results showed that there were significant differences in sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent, UDVA, CDVA and J0 (all p<0. 001) except for J45 (p=0. 58) between the contralateral eyes of KCN patients. In KCN eyes with Vogt’ s striae, flat (46. 48± 3. 33 vs 44. 44± 2. 22, p<0. 001), steep (52. 48± 4. 39 vs 47. 02± 3. 26, p<0. 001), minimum (46. 36± 3. 37 vs 44. 35± 2. 17, p<0. 001) and average keratometry (49. 27± 3. 96 vs 45. 74± 2. 60, P<0. 001) as well as Surface Regularity Index (1. 39± 1. 12 vs 0. 52± 0. 41, p<0. 001), Surface Asymmetry Index (2. 32± 1. 25 vs 1. 42± 1. 04, P<0. 001), Keratoconus Index (75. 07± 28. 83 vs 48. 01± 33. 52, p<0. 001) and Keratoconus Severity Index (65. 88± 22. 25 vs 38. 61± 29. 40, p<0. 001)were higher than the contralateral eye without Vogt’ s striae. Conclusion: Corneal topographic parameters showed a significant difference between the contralateral KCN eyes with and without Vogt’ s striae. These results should be noticed in clinical evaluations and treatments of KCN patients.

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in young adults. Hypoglycemia, as well as toxic effects of hyperglycemia, is among the factors contributing to the development of central nervous system disorders. Auditory temporal processing is one of the important abilities of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of auditory temporal processing in these patients with normal subject using duration pattern test. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on two groups of subjects including 25 Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and 25 normal subjects aged 20-30 years of age. Independent T-test was used to compare the mean of numerical values between normal and diabetic subjects and Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to check the correlation between HbA1c and the percentage of the correct answers for the duration pattern test. Results: In the duration pattern test, there was a significant difference between the results of patients with type 1 diabetes and normal subjects in both ears and in men and women. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between the percentage of correct responses of duration pattern test and HbA1c levels. Conclusion: Duration pattern test is a cortical-sensitive test and the results of this study show that people with type 1 diabetes mellitus have a weaker results than the normal ones, and these results may indicate a defect in the ability of temporal processing in these individuals.

Purpose: Different stretch training timings can have different effects on physical performance on older people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two programs stretch-balance training with different timings on some physical performances on older men. Methods: Sixty older men (age ranging from 60-74 years) were randomly divided into five equal groups, 1) stretch-balance training with the dominant of dynamic at 60 seconds, 2) stretch-balance training with the dominant of static at 60 seconds, 3) stretch-balance training with the dominant of dynamic at 90 seconds, 4) stretch-balance training with the dominant of static at 90 seconds, and 5) control group. The training program included the combination of stretching (static and dynamic) and balancing movements in eight weeks (three sessions per week). The data were analyzed using Kolmogrov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, and dependent t-test, at significance level of P≤ 0. 05. Results: The results showed that the indices of lower body muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility of lower and upper body, agility, static balance, and dynamic balance in most of experimental groups were considerably improved in comparison with control group (P<0. 05). However, the upper body muscle strength and endurance performance did not change significantly after different training programs (P>0. 05). Conclusion: It may be concluded that it is helpful for elder men who want to improve their physical fitness and movement indices to use the training programs of first group (stretch-balance training with the dominant of dynamic at 60 seconds) and fourth group (stretch-balance training with the dominant of static at 90 seconds).

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to assess the content validity and, internal consistency review of pictorial testimonial of verbs expression in Persian language and sever hearing loss children and 4-5 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, list of frequency and every day verbs of Persian language were selected. Selected list with their pictures were examined in terms of pictures suitability and frequency of selected verbs in the bachelor panel consists of academic speech therapists of the university. To gain content validity of pictorial testimonial of verbs expression, questionnaire according to the selected list was designed. Then, 14 speech therapists were judged all questionnaire verbs and validity questionnaire was evaluated to employ Lawshe method. Then, 17 (9 girls and 8 boys) children 5, 6 years and sever hearing loss were identified that were matched by entry and exit criteria. After sample selection and test run, children's answers are registered in the form of correct and false answers. And finally, internal consistency calculated to using Cranach's alpha. Results: To investigate responses of 14 speech therapists, %86. 8 of testimonial verbs have content validity greater than %5 as result of 5 from 38 verbs was deleted. %69. 69 of items of testimonial have the value of internal consistency (0. 3-0. 7) Conclusion: Pictorial testimonial of verbs expression in Persian language and hearing loss children has partly good internal consistency and content validity for assessment verbs expression of hearing loss children.

Purpose: The amount and distribution of ground reaction force during landing are linked with risk factor of the injuries related to lower limb joints. Insole may alter the amount of these forces. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effects of insole on GRF and their time-to peak of each reaction force, impulse, and loading rate during landing in normal individuals. Methods: Thirteen healthy male subjects with mean age, mass and height of (21. 9± 1. 6 years), (67. 1± 12. 6 kg), and (175. 3± 4. 9 cm), respectively, participated in this study. Using a Kistler force plates (1000Hz), GRF during landing with and without shoe insole were measured. Then, maximum GRF and their related time-to-peak, impulse and loading rate were obtained. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data (α =0. 05). Results: Wearing insole decreased the peak vertical GRF on heel contact of body weight (P=0. 006), the loading rate (P=0. 01), and the vertical impulse (P=0. 0032). Conclusion: Reduction of the vertical GRF and loading rate by means of insole may reduce the risk of lower extremity injuries due to impulse during landing.

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the color vision and blood lead concentration in Koushk lead and zinc mine employees. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Koushk lead and zinc mine in Bafgh city. All participants were male. They were divided into two groups: The exposed groups (114 patients) and the non-exposed groups (76 patients). According to the exclusion criteria, 190 subjects recruited for the study with complete satisfaction. A preliminary optometric examination and evolution of color vision were performed for all subjects. Color vision was determined using the D15-Fransworth test. The concentration of blood lead was recorded based on the blood test sheet. Results: Percentage frequency of the color vision defect was 2. 72% in the control group and 11. 55% in the case group. The difference between the average of color confusion index between the two groups both in the right eye (case: 1. 169 ± 0. 283, control: 1. 07 ± 0. 17) and the left eye (case: 1. 168 ± 0. 282, control: 1. 06± 0. 14) was statistically significant (right eye p=0. 011, left eye p=0. 002). Mean blood lead in case and control groups were 10. 07 ± 15. 81 and 6. 46 ± 9. 03, respectively. This difference was statistically significant between two groups (P = 0. 047). Conclusion: The difference between groups in the color vision defect indicates that long-term exposure to minerals in the lead and zinc mine may cause color vision defect and could be a potential cause of this disorder.

Purpose: Electromyography of the muscle may provide information about the Amount of calf muscle activation in patients with shin splints. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of calf muscle Electromyography in male athletes with and without shin splints. Methods: Thirty physical education students were recruited for this study. The Electromyography of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius (internal and external) muscles was measured by Biovision Electromyography in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion position, respectively. Statistical analysis was done by independent t-test at a significant level of p≤ 0. 05. Results: No significant difference was found between two groups in the electromyography of tibialis anterior (p=0. 054), medial gastrocnemius (p=0. 07) and lateral gastrocnemius (p=0. 11). However, significant difference was observed in electrical activity ratio of tibialis anterior to gastrocnemius between groups (p=0. 01). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that imbalance between tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles may be the cause of shin splints. Therefore, it is possible that the patients can train without pain by rebalancing between these muscles.

Purpose: In recent years, mobile phones and intelligent instruments have become important technologies to deliver health care around the world. These technologies can be used for health control and self-management of people with chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS. This study was a development research to determine the data requirements and technical capabilities of a mobile-based self-management intelligent system for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). Methods: A review was conducted in relevant databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, and Web of Science to find appropriate sources of technical requirements and data elements of a mobile-based self-management system for PLWH. In the second stage, the infectious disease specialists and health information management consulted by the questionnaire for system requirements. Results: Three categories of requirements, including demographic and clinical data elements and technical capabilities for system design were determined. Medication reminding, educational messages providing, diet reminding, security requirements, internet access, and Appointment reminding were the most important technical requirements of mobile-based self-management system for people living with HIV. Furthermore, clinical data elements of the system in order of priority were: fever, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of appetite, joint pain, and the first signs of disease. Conclusion: The requirements for the design and implementation of an intelligent system to support mobile-based self-management for PLWH were obtained. Using these requirements, designing self-management system architecture will be possible. The system features such as the ability to provide care plan will be specific to each person uniquely. Using this system, may improve the patient's self-management skills and facilitate PLWH communication with health care providers.

Purpose: Vestibular abnormalities are observed in different auditory disorders. This article investigates the relationship between auditory and vestibular abnormality especially in otolith organs. Methods: Related articles were found in Pub Med, Web of science and Scopus data bases. These found articles should employ proper tests for vestibular assessment. Results: Vestibular tests showed vestibular abnormalities in persons with sensorineural hearing loss. However, differences were observed because of tests and vestibular organs. Conclusion: There is a relationship between auditory and vestibular abnormalities. In some patients with sensorineural hearing loss, there are vestibular abnormalities especially in saccule that could be a result of physical vicinity.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to report a successful management of a sever nonspecific chronic low back pain relating to visceral stiffness and altered respiratory pattern. Clinical Findings: A 33-year-old female with nonspecific low back pain, with abnormal visceral stiffness, pain in the right abdominal side, pain and tenderness in areas of pelvic and respiratory diaphragms and inability in diaphragmatic breathing. Pain severity was reported as 10 based on VAS. MRI findings showed intervertebral disc protrusion at L5-S1 level. Diagnosis: Pain derived from visceral spasms. Management: Four sessions of visceral manipulation with diaphragmatic breathing exercises and general stretching exercises. Results: At the end of 1st session, the pain severity was improved for 80%, at the end of 2nd session the patient was able to perform perfect diaphragmatic breathing and pain severity was reported 3 based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After 3rd session, pain was felt only at the time of wake up.