JOURNAL OF STUDIES OF SOCIO-CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Year:2015 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

School Bullying is a complex, but commonissue involving students for years; however, this psychosocial phenomenon has gained attention among researchers from 1980s. Most research on bullying in school are mainly focused on psychological perspectives. Thus, this study tries to highlight the social factors associated with school bullying. Given the aim of the study, three of the most famous criminology theories: General theory of crime, Differential association theory and General strain theory (GST) were chosen as the theoretical framework and three types of bullying (verbal, physical & social) were considered.Based on the theories, It has been hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between low self control and bullying, differential association and bullying and general strain and bullying. The population of the study consists of all the high school students from first to third grade in Sari's urban area. A total of 410 studentswere selected through a stratified random sampling proportion. The results showed that 7.6 percent of the respondents were never involved in bullying.65.4percentofstudentshadbullyingin low level, 22.2 percentinmoderate, and 4.9 percent of those to a large extent. Also, boys bullied more than girls. Multiple regression analysis results also show that the variables low Self-control, differential association, and general strain were the strongest predictors of bullying.

Many studies have investigated the development issue but none focused on the economic development. The role of culture in development is proposed as one of the subjects connected to development as well.This studyis based on the Analytic-Applied research method and the numerical taxonomy usedTopsis models to analyze the results. The required data were collected using the filed study and reviewing the existing literature. Totally, 48 indices are considered to evaluate the cultural development coefficient in Hormozgan Province. The results indicate that Hormozgan is culturally underdeveloped.Based on the Topsis model, results show that the highest and lowest development coefficients are 0.54 (Abomosa) and 0.03 (Khamir), respectively. Also, according to the cultural indices estimated by Numerical Taxonomy model, the highest and lowest development coefficient measured 0.66 (Bandarabas) and 1.07 (Khamir), respectively.

The purpose of this research was to analyzesimple and multiple relationships between social capital and moral intelligence with the responsibility in students at University of Kashan. Research type was descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted of 7132 students in Universities of Kashan in an academic year 2014-2015. Cocran Formula from the 2700 was used to choose 258 students through the stratified randomized sampling. The instrument used forgathering information were a moral intelligence questionnaire with 40 items in 3 component (honest, forgiveness & compassion), social capital questionnaire with 24 items in 4 components (social partnership, social integration, social belongings & social trust) and a responsibility questionnaire with 42 items in 5 components (self-management, trusteeship, dutiful, organizing & progressivism) based on 5 likert scales. The validity of Questionnaires was confirmed by experts. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients were obtained equal to 0.83 for moral intelligence, 0.87 for social capital and 0.91 for responsibility. Data analyses were used in level inferential statistics (correlation, t-test, regression) through SPSS and Amos software’s. Finding showed mean of moral intelligence, social capital and responsibility components are bigger than average. There are positive and significant relationship between all of components moral intelligence and social capital with responsibility.

In contemporary sociological debates, the concept of social capital is as a rich theoretical concept with dense research findings and because of its association with different dimensions of development in the society, social and political policymakers have focused on investigation of its role on development. Inthis regard, the aim of the survey is to measurethe association between participation in religious communities and social capital among residents in Shiraz city. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 410 participants (196 male, 214 female) were randomly selected and answered to the questionnaire. The results show between participation in religious communities and the different dimensions of social capital such as social cohesion, inter-group trust and institutional trust; there is a significant positive correlation, except for social participation. The findings also show that correlation with institutional trust is stronger than other dimensions. This means that with the increased participation in religious communities, participants’ social capital increases. The investigators suggest future research to analyze the content of the messages in religious communities can also affect different dimension of social capital.

The main objective of this studyis to focuson Iranian labour and the attempt to seek an answer to the main question of how the social dialogue status in our current industrial labor relations is.The data was collected through a focused group discussion and semi-structured individual interviews and descriptive-historical study.The description and analysis of these findings from historical perspective indicates that the tension between these two classes which has been the main obstacle to their reconciliation and social dialogue goes back to the patriarchal attitudes of employers towards workers, while other factors such as political parties and foreign powers have fueled to this conflict.Research findings based on qualitative methodology also show that the existence of different organizations of workers and employers on the one hand; the lack of coordination between them, lack of concentration among both employers and employees’ organizations and the lack of a common agenda have been the important obstacles to the establishment of social dialogue in the workplace. On the other hand, the application of the theory of discourse can be interpreted that the production and different understanding of social dialogue meaning by different active people in industrial labor relations caused different and conflicting actions to challenge the social dialogue.Paternalistic attitude of employers to the workers along with the social dialogue is detriment to the collective interests and meanwhile various labor organizations were not able to reach consensus around their common issues and this has led to the exclusion of social dialogue and the vested interests of the employers has led to not giving any delegation of authority from them. to the workers at workplace. It seems that the actions of the two sides reflecting on their rational action and the collective interest have violated the social dialog, and instead of considering part of their interests to the other party to maximize their common interests. The both sides try hard to maximizing their own interests; a phenomenon called tension and conflict in organizational and industrial relation.

The purpose of determining tendency difference towards national identity is based on belonging to ethnic minorities. The research tries to answer following question whether national identity tends to be based on different ethnic groups. The research is a descriptive – survey research. Statistical population consists of all students studying in Azad and State Universities in center of Golestan Province. According to the latest statistics, their number was 83, 110. Cochran formula was used to determine sample volume. After removing incomplete questionnaire, obtained data from 430 participants were analyzed. Under – studied statistical sample was selected using random stratified sampling method. Data was collected using a researcher – made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnairewas measured using nominal validity method and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach' Alpha which consist of 0.785 respectively.Data analysis was conducted in two inferential and descriptive levels. The results indicate that behavioral dimension of national identity in students is higher than other dimensions (cognitive and emotional dimensions), but average indicator indicate that totally students' tendency towards national identity is in high level (4.118 of 5). Comparing ethnic groups in terms of tendency to national identity indicated that there is not a significant difference between ethnic groups in terms of tendency to national identity. Trivial differences show that Kurdish students have the maximum tendency, while Lor students have the minimum one, after Kurds, Turks and Turkmen. Persians are ranked in fifth rating and Sistanis are placed close to Persians as a lingual group. Ranking students' tendency in terms of study field indicated that there is a significant difference in this regard, so that the student studying in the fields of technical and engineering and then basic sciences have the maximum tendency, while the students in the fields of medical sciences and agricultural sciences are placed in last ratings.

After the 1979 Revolution, women in the field of public and higher education achieved substantial improvement. However, the employment statistics shows that their economic participation has not changed much compared to the pre-revolution era. While considering the mission of higher education, the objective of this article is trying to understand this gap and to seek ways of reducing it. The research method is based on the study of the gap through documents and interviews with educated or working women and professionals. The study concludes by stressing on the most important reasons of this disparity which could be: little transfer of skills when entering the labor market, weak professional identity among girls, as well as structural discrimination based on gender division of labor in society.

Tehran's distressed areas due to the lack of flexibility with unimaginable speed of socio-economic changes, technology changes have lost their effectiveness over time and has recently faced with various problems such as environmental degradation and spatial qualities, physical exhaustion and social issues. These problems caused by spatial streams producing locational discrimination. Therefore, the causes of distressed areas of Tehran should be examined under the spatial factors and relationships. Accordingly, the aim of study was to evaluate the impact of the production and distribution of urban space in spatial injustice of Tehran deteriorated areas. This study is analytical and the research question is causal. The research methodology is analytical and research approach is structural because multiple representations of social reality are focused. To investigate the spatial interactions of urban distressed areas, we considered the beginning of changes from feudal mode of production into the capitalist mode of production in the country. Production process of studied distressed areas hasbeen made gradually after the changes. Therefore, the effect of spatial elements in the formation of location discrimination and Tehran’s distressed areas should be considered to extract mechanism of spatial injustice manufacturer. In general, it can be concluded that the spatial streams over time aggravate unfair allocation of resources (which causes the formation of urban decay), and have increased spatial changes quickly. Since the low-income groups don’t have ability to adapt and take advantage of the caused situation to increase the resources because of the lack of power and knowledge in location, theyare enclosed with spatial streams. Distressed area of Tehran is one of these places.