Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:6

The importance of Future Studies in improving safety in the natural disasters is in avoiding of the surprise of the possible damages and managing of the probable futures.With the imagination of possible events in the future, it will be possible to provide appropriate solutions for the preparation, prevention, and reduction of natural disasters by scientific methods.Future study in promoting safety and preventing injuries from natural disasters is a relatively new subject.Considering the role of future study in building a better future, and preventing disasters, Also, the lengthy, costly and participatory nature of the foresight; it is necessary to provide the intellectual, scientific and cultural infrastructures required for promoting health in disasters in the country.It is also necessary that medical education programs increase the knowledge and the clinical skills of the medical sciences students to deal with natural disasters and reduce human casualties based on communities’ future needs.

Background: Since promotion of safety culture plays a key role in prevention of incidents in industries, assessment of safety climate and safety performance can help industries to improve their safety culture. The present study was designed to develop a measurement tool for assessment of safety climate and safety performance according to the safety knowledge and motivation in cement industries.Materials and Methods: According to the previous studies, a draft of questionnaire was developed in 5 structures, 9 dimensions and 41 questions including, dimensions of safety climate (management safety commitment, social support, Work environment safety, emergency preparedness at work), Production pressure, safety knowledge, safety motivation and safety performance (safety participation and safety compliance). Provided questionnaire was distributed among 230 employees of Abyek cement industries. Data were analyzed through SPSS and LISREL software.Results: Reliability evaluation of the questionnaire indicated its appropriateness. The scout study Cronbach's alpha coefficient and KMO in the main study was 0.86 and 0.861 subsequently. In general, the factor structure was tested and verified by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The results showed that safety knowledge and safety motivation influence workers’ safety behavior. Also, management safety commitment was significantly related to social support and production pressure; meanwhile production pressure was a key and critical factor that has direct effects on other factors including safety motivation, safety knowledge, safety participation and safety compliance.Conclusion: Based on safety motivation and safety knowledge, the results showed that the efficiency of the validated questionnaire for assessment of safety climate and safety performance was suitable in cement industries. Thus this five dimensions questionnaire can be used to promote the safety culture in this type of industries.

Background: Vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, have an increased rate of death and injury due to the consequences of traffic crashes. The knowledge of willingness to pay for crossing the street easier and safer will help policy makers to identify the best policies to be complemented. This study focus on the willingness to pay for facilitating pedestrians’ cross passing and, increasing safety while crossing the street.Materials and Methods: In this study, three different scenarios including crossing the street with zebra crossing facilities, crossing the street with zebra crossing facilities and installing pedestrian traffic light, and constructing a pedestrian bridge equipped with escalator has presented. The research was conducted based on a stated preference method and a questionnaire which asked about pedestrians’ demographic characteristics, travel characteristics and scenarios. The studied sample size was 384 random pedestrians in Qazvin city that they have been asked the willingness to pay for increasing the safety of their crossing in one of the major cross in the city. For each of the scenarios, four different payments are presented and for each proposed payment of each scenario a logit model has been adopted.Results: The results show that age, education, car ownership and level of household income have significant relationship with willingness to pay. The older pedestrians have less willingness to pay in each of three scenarios.With increasing the level of education and number of car ownership among pedestrians, the willingness to pay in the first and third scenarios increases. The pedestrians with more than 40 million Iran Rials household income have the willingness to pay for making their crossing safer but others do not.Conclusion: It can be concluded that among the policies, which have been mentioned through scenarios in the questionnaire, in cases that there is a willingness to pay, the scenario of crossing the street with zebra crossing facilities and installing pedestrian traffic light with a willingness to pay of 10, 000 Iran Rials is the most frequent.

Background and Objectives: Since drivers usually are the first who arrive at crash scene, the knowledge and skills of medical aid to victims of road traffic crashes due can reduce the injury severity. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of road drivers at Yazd city, on primary medical aid for the victims of road traffic crashes.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study took place with a random sample of 99 vehicle drivers. The data was collected using questionnaire and including sections on demographic variables and knowledge, attitude and practice, with a Cronbach Alpha of 0.7. SPSS version 18 was used for data analysis. Frequency analysis, t-tests and correlation were employed for data treatment.Results: In this study, mean age is 39.32 ±8.72. The mean score of knowledge was7.36±2.06 with the maximum score of 14, the mean score of attitude was13.36±1.63 of the maximum score15 and the mean score of practice was7.55±0.93 of the maximum score10. Among the questions with the lower correct answer participants' awareness of the options "priority assistance to victims’ incident with dozens of injuries" 6.1% and "the heart massage and artificial respiration"8.1%, respectively.Conclusion: Considering the average level of awareness and lack of information about the primary first aid to victims and Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, planning to organization of educational courses on the first aid, with emphasis on those who had less knowledge is necessary.

Background and Objective: Pharmaceutical wastes that contain a range of antibiotics, painkillers and cancer drugs can cause environmental pollution and disruptions in the normal functioning of ecosystems and causing serious environmental and human health problems. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of pharmaceutical wastes on the environment and human health.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by searching databases of Science direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Springer, Scopus, Elsevier using the keywords of Pharmaceutical wastes, Environment, Hazardous waste and Health from 2000 to 2018 and employing AND, OR words.Result: A systematic review of various studies showed that the environmental risks and damaging are the effects of pharmaceutical waste. Out of 40 articles related to the environmental impacts of pharmaceutical waste, 20 articles with high reliability and high significance, 15 articles with moderate significance, and 5 low reliability papers on the effects of medicinal wastes on human health including mortality and outbreaks of diseases Respiratory and pulmonary diseases, cancer, and negative effects on soil, agricultural products and drought are other adverse effect.Conclusion: Research evidences declared the adverse effect of this type of wastes on the environment includings surface and underground water, plants, soil and agricultural products and fish can be resulted. Moreover serious damage to human health such as respiratory diseases, cancer, neurological disorders also are other adverse effects.However, this evidence requires a more comprehensive evaluation, so that the results need interpretation should be made with more caution.

Background: Car collisions with animal including camels are one problem of road safety in the South and East of Iran that are often fatal. Due to the lack of effective interventions, this study aimed to identify the preventive measures for animal related injuries as a result of vehicle collisions with camels.Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was carried out employing content analysis instruction. Face-toface interviews and Focus Group Discussions were used to identify and classify preventive measures.Results: In this study, the challenges of preventing measures in vehicle collisions with camels categorized in three stages including camel identification problems, irresponsibility of sailors and unidentified camels by drivers on the road. Preventive interventions were proposed in two stages including road safety interventions and social-cultural interventions.Conclusion: The proposed strategies for vehicle collisions prevention with camels include the providing of appropriate road conditions, the creation of culture, the establishment of rules for controlling and supervision along with the provision of appropriate incentives. However, preventing such incidents, without the irresponsibility of the camel owners, will remain as challenge for road safety in iran.