Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention
Year:2018 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:6

Background and Objectives: Accidents and incidents are among the most important threats to human health and this is the most common cause of preventable mortality in children. The use of epidemiological information on incidents has proven to play a key role in preventing and controlling children's incidents. The aim of this study was to investigate injuries among children under 5 years of age that admitted to Emergency Hospitals of Kamyab and Taleghani affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that all patients under 5 years old who were referred to Kamyab and Taleghani Hospital of Mashhad city in 2016 were studied by means of census. Medical records of Hospital Information System (HIS) was used for data collection employing gender, age, referral day, day of discharge, length of stay (LOS), type of incident, type of injury, member or members of the injured, type of insurance, that data were extracted from referring patients and then analyzed by SPSS-21 software. Results: The highest incidence was among male (59%) and 2 years old children (20. 8%). Among the respondents, the most types of insurance were Health insurance (34. 6%). The most common type of injury was fracture (59%). Head injury was recorded as the most affected bodily collision (63. 4%). August (12. 5%) and summer (34. 4%) were the most frequent month and season that events occurred. There was no significant relationship between age and sex with the type of injury. Conclusion: The results showed that most crashes occurred at the age of two years. Because children at this age begin to play in open environments, parents need to be trained for prevention of childhood injuries. Also, safety issues should be considered during children playing game and their home safety environments.

Background & Aim: Iran is one of the countries with most injury and death resulted from road traffic crashes. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors related to road traffic crashes among drivers of Kashan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this case control study, 155 victims drivers were selected as case and one driver who transported from case place in same time was determined as control. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression model using SPSS 21 software. Results: In this study, 310 car drivers as the cases and 155 drivers as the control group, were examined, of which 304 (98. 1%) of them were male and 6 (1. 9%) were female. After eliminating the effect of confounding variables, using a logistic regression model, there was a significant relationship between occupation (OR = 6. 25), education (OR = 8. 33), driving habits at night (OR = 4. 91), no using seat belts (OR =5. 26), previous history of road traffic crashes (OR = 2. 63), history of drug use (OR = 3. 70), visual acuity (OR = 5. 31) and occurrence of traffic crashes were found. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, road traffic crashes had significant relationship with different variables including lower education, driving at night, not using seat belt, history of previous crash and history of drug use. The results can be used to design efficient prevention programs and in order to promote the safety of public streets.

Background and Objectives: Beyond being very valuable assets, hospitals are symbols of health and societal wellbeing. Destruction of a hospital or damage it due to fire may results in a loss of trust by local authorities as well as injuring patients and staff to damages and in result will not provide health care services properly. This study aimed to assess the fire quantifies risk assessment and the effect of the sprinkler system on fire risk. Materials and Methods: This study, Was Cross-sectional Descriptive Analytical study. At first according to Fire Risk Assessment Method for Engineers (FRAME), fire risk was calculated for 15 hospital wards and then, with the assumption of existence sprinkler system, the effects of fire risk were calculated. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software at a significant level of P <0. 05 with Wilcoxon test. Results: In this study, 13/33% of the risk was for buildings (mean=0/57± 0/51) 100% risk was for individuals (mean=4/60± 2/37) and 53/33% risk was for activities (mean=1/81± 1/56) which were greater than 1 (unfavorable). The existence of sprinkler system reduces fire risk by an average of 48/5%. The effect of the sprinkler system on reducing the risk of fire was significant (P <0. 05). Conclusion: In case of installation of the sprinkler system, the amount of fire risk will be reduced to a large extent.

Background and Objectives: Tehran’ s Air pollution affects the lives of elderly and pregnant women. The aim of this study was to Evaluating the knowledge and attitude of air pollution control in Tehran from the perspective of elderly and pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among (150 pregnant women and 150 elderly as high risk groups) with cluster sampling in 4 parts of north, south, west and east of Tehran. Data were gathered through a questionnaire of 24 questions for demographic information and people's attitudes about air pollution control in Tehran. The significance level of the tests was considered to be P <0. 05. Results: 54% of the elderly and 60% of pregnant women had a good knowledge of the consequences of air pollution. Statistical tests showed that there was a significant relationship between education level with knowledge of the elderly (p = 0. 01) and pregnant women (p = 0. 03). The attitude of people about ways to reduce air pollution in Tehran was that 56. 6% of pregnant women and 61. 3% of elderly believed in publishing taxes. Using statistical tests, there was a significant difference between the level of education of people in both groups with their positive attitude toward air pollution reduction strategies. Conclusion: It is suggested in the Tehran, four main approaches to air pollution control (standard publishing, air quality standard, publishing and cost of profits) should be considered in order to reduce air pollution and improve the health of people.

Background and Objectives: About 4-5 million snake bites annually are happening in the world which 20000-125000 they are dying. Incidence rate of snake bites in Ardabil province is 3-5 in one hundred thousand. This study was designed for determine of snakebite Status in Ardabil province and Identify of high and low risk areas for education, management, prevention and control. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted and all cases of snake bites that occurred from 1390 to 1394 and were referred to health centers and hospitals by maintaining ethical considerations were analyzed. Distribution snakebite maps were prepared for ArcMap GIS version 10. 2 and IDW interpolation. Results: Total of 228 cases of snake bites had occurred in the Ardabil province that 74 % were in rural area and 26 % in urban area. The highest cases were in Parsabad county (29. 4 %) and the lowest in Kowsar (0. 45 %). Snake bites reported from 105 regions and the results of IDW interpolation showed that three regions were high risk in Ardabil province. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Parsabad county in Northern and Khalkhal county in Southeast of Ardabil province were a high-risk area.

Background and Objectives: Despite continuous efforts to reduce human error in various systems, unsafe errors and behaviors are the main cause of incidents in the workplace. Hospitals are one of the places where human error events are abundant. Therefore, a systematic review of past studies is the best way to share the useful findings of studies and the availability of future studies in the field of human error. Materials and Methods: The electronic search of databases in Persian and English was done in three months from the beginning of the establishment of the databases. These articles were searched from PubMed, Scopus, web of science databases, and using the (or human) OR (human error) AND (health care OR health section) performance shaping factors (OR PSF). Results: After searching, 6800 abstracts were searched. 5327 articles were excluded because they were not in line with the study objectives and inclusion criteria. Then 1473 abstract articles were independently studied by two researchers and the unrelated studies were excluded. 81 articles were independently reviewed by two researchers. Finally, 30 articles were fully in the study. Conclusion: The lack of skills and experience (26. 6%), drug misconception (13. 33%), negligence in treatment (10%), error of delay and error, and failure to implement the proper protocol for each share were equal (6. 66%), security issues and Organizational culture and lack of complete patient examination, system failure, calibration and error selection, and diagnostic error and lack of information and error in implementing regulations (3. 33 percent) also had a similar effect.