FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2018 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:7

Marital satisfaction is one of the factors that can bring happiness and satisfaction into marital life. Identifying variables that influence marital satisfaction is very important and essential to help maintain a marriage. Studies show that sexual knowledge and attitude as well as positive and negative affects can influence marital satisfaction in different ways. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of positive and negative affects in moderating the association of sexual knowledge and attitude with marital satisfaction. To this end, 300 married Afghans (148 males, 137 females, 15 unspecified) living in Kabul participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete the Knowledge and Attitude Scale (SKAS), the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Results showed that sexual knowledge and attitude had a positive relationship with marital satisfaction. Positive and negative affects also had a statistically significant positive and negative relationship with marital satisfaction, respectively. The results also revealed that the relationship between sexual attitude and marital satisfaction was moderated by negative affects, however, it was not moderated by sexual knowledge. The moderating effect of positive affects on the association of sexual knowledge and attitude with marital satisfaction was not statistically significant. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that some affects can play a decisive role in the association of sexual knowledge and attitude with marital satisfaction. Identifying such affects as well as preventing them from being intensified, will have an influential impact on both marital and satisfaction and family relationships.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder is a type of behavioral disorder that is closely related with parent-child relationships. Inappropriate relationships between the mother and the child can create, maintain, and escalate this disorder. The aim of this study was to develop a training program for mothers based on Adler-Glasser techniques and to examine its effectiveness in improving mother-child relationships in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The research was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population was all available mothers of elementary students in Isfahan from which 40 parents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 each). To collect the data, the Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) and the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (PCRS)were used in both pre and posttests. The experimental group received nine 90-minute training sessions in Adler-Glasser techniques. Results showed that in the post-test phase, the Adler-Glasser techniques had a significant effect on improving mother-child relationships in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. It can be concluded that this intervention program can be used effectively to improve relationships between children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and their mothers.

Marital adjustment is one of the most important indicators of women's marital quality. Several studies have investigated the role of marital standards and relationship attributions in predicting marital quality in married couples. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the dimensions of marital standards and relationship attributions in predicting adjustment/ non-adjustment among married women. A sample of 324 married women (150 non-adjusted and 174 adjusted) was selected from all married women in Ahvaz. Participants completed the Inventory of Specific Relationship Standards (ISRS) and the Relationship Attributions Measure (RAM). . Results obtained from Enter Discriminant analysis revealed that adjustment or non-adjustment in marital relationship can be predicted by the variables of marital standards (personal boundaries, control outcome, instrumental and expressive investment) and relationship attributions (locus of control, stability, globality, intent, motivation and blame). Also, Stepwise Discriminant analysis of the data indicated that motivation attribution, expressive investment standard and locus of control attribution are the strongest predictors of adjustment/non-adjustment in marital relationships. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that marital standards and relationship attributions play a significant role in women’ s marital adjustment.

Marital distress and increasing tendency towards divorce causes extreme harm for the children of divorce, divorcees, families and the entire society. Evaluating effective ways of encountering divorce is thus of paramount importance. The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of family therapy based on Bowen’ s family system theory and logo therapy in marital life quality (marital adjustment) and tendency for divorce among divorce seeking clients. The statistical population included divorce applicants referring to Sanandaj counseling centers in Fall and Winter of 1396. 36 male and female applicants were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups (12 each). The Divorce Tendency Questionnaire (DTQ) and the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS) were used to gather the data. Each group received 8 one-hour weekly family therapy training based on the Bowen’ s family systems and logo therapy. Repeated measures tests showed that both logo therapy and Bowen’ s family systems could significantly enhance dyadic adjustment level and its components (agreement, satisfaction, and dyadic coherence) and reduce tendency towards divorce. Also, results of the BONFERRONI post hoc test showed that family therapy based on logo therapy was more effective in reducing divorce tendency and Bowen’ s family systems theory was more effective in increasing dyadic adjustment.

Relational ethics deals with fairness and unfairness in intimate relationships. It also deals with trustworthiness, justice, loyalty, merit, and entitlement between members of a relationship. Relational ethics requires members of the relationship to assume responsibility for consequences in the process of give and take. The Relational Ethics Scale (RES) consists of two types of components: vertical and horizontal. The vertical dimension of the scale measures relational ethics in family of origin and the horizontal dimension measures current relationships between spouses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Relational Ethics in married men and women in Ahvaz. 208 married participants (89 males, 119 females) were asked to complete the Relational Ethics Scale (RES), the Relational Assessment Scale (RAS) and the Measure of Perceived Equity (MPE). Results confirmed the six-factor structure of the RES. They also showed that the RES has a suitable concurrent validity and reliability in measuring the couples’ relational ethics. Findings showed that this scale can be appropriately used in research studies as well as in premarital consultation and couple therapy by psychologists and family counselors.

In a family life, the beginning of the couple’ s relationship is the time of adjustment and compatibility where they might experience the least amount of satisfaction from each other. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) and the Relationship-Imago Therapy (IRT) in increasing couples’ marital satisfaction during their early years of marriage. 24 couples participated in this research and were assigned to two groups – trial and control. These groups received training ten 90-minute sessions of emotionally-focused couple therapy and Imago relationship therapy respectively. Marital satisfaction was measured by the Enrich Couple Questionnaire (MSQ). Results showed that both EFCT and IRT were effective in enhancing the couples’ marital satisfaction. Results also revealed that the IRCT had been more effective in dimensions of marital satisfaction and the idealistic distortion than the EFCT. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded the IRT appeared to be more effective in couple’ s marital satisfaction in their early years of marriage.

School bonding (school connectedness) refers to a communication between the student and other aspects of his life. This construct represents a student's sense of attachment and commitment to school, his experience of being attended at school and having a sense of closeness to staff and school setting. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation of family coherence, educational support and academic resilience to school-bonding and its components (commitment, empowerment, attachment and believing in rules). The statistical population was all 11th grade students studying in Dezful in the academic year 2015-2016 of which350 were selected as a sample. To measure the variables, the Scale of Family Coherence (SFC), Sanders and Planck's Scale of Educational Support (SES), Samuels's Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI) and Brown & Evans's Scale of Bonding to School (SCS) were used. Results showed a significantly positive relation between family coherence, the components of academic support (support by peers, parents and teachers) and those of educational resilience (orientation toward future, communication skills and problem-oriented/ positive thinking) and components of bonding to school (commitment, empowerment, attachment and believing in rules). A set of predicator variables are able to predict the criterion variables for this study. Also, the results of the stepwise regression correlation indicated that educational support, academic resilience and family coherence are respectively significant predicators for a bonding to school.