JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND CARE
Year:2016 | Volume:17 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

Background & objectives: Job stress can lead to burnout, job dissatisfaction and career change among nurses. Also, self-efficacy is one of the most important factors in the development of healthy social relationships that can enable people to confront better with long-term stresses. Dialectical behavior therapy with emphasis on the principle of change and acceptance provides groundwork for distress tolerance and effective interpersonal relationships. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on stress and self-efficacy of nurses.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. Among all nurses in hospitals of the city of Sanandaj during 2014, 30 nurses were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling method, and randomly divided into two treatment and control groups. Firstly, both experimental and control groups were participated in pretest. Then the experimental group participated in 8 session dialectical-behavior therapy educational program. Each session lasted 2.5 hours. After completion of the training sessions, posttests were given to both groups. Job stress and General Self-Efficacy questionnaires were used to collect the data. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS-v.20 and descriptive and analysis of covariance.Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in job stress (F=49.83, p<0.002) and self-efficacy (F=185.91, p<0.002) of nurses in two experimental and control groups.Conclusions: Dialectical-behavior therapy is effective in reducing job stress and also increasing self-efficacy according to the results. Dialectical-behavior therapy with an emphasis on mindfulness and distress tolerance can reduce stress and increase self-efficacy as components of acceptance, as well emotional regulation and interpersonal self-efficacy as the principle of change, and also by strategies such as behavioral skill training, and replacement of maladaptive behaviors with logical and adaptive responses and identifying negative emotions.

Background & objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorders are common in the society and have negative effects on individual’s function. Prevailing theories indicate that these disorders are influenced by biological factors. However, cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder have emphasis on cognitive factors. This study was carried out to investigate the cognitive predictors of obsessive- compulsive symptoms in students.Methods: In this correlational study 300 students (243 female and 57 male) in the fields of psychology, education, agricultural engineering, computer science, management and law from Lorestan Pyam-e-Noor University, Iran were selected by multistage cluster sampling in the second semester of academic year 2014-15. The students completed Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), Meta Cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression analysis by SPSS-16.Results: Findings indicated that worry, meta-cognitive beliefs and maladaptive schemas significantly correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p<0.001). Results from simultaneous multiple regression analysis also revealed that 64.8% of the total variance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms can be explained by worry, meta-cognitive beliefs and maladaptive schemas.Conclusion: According to effective role of study variables with obsessive-compulsive, holding the periodic training coping skills with obsessive-compulsive disorder for students and providing solutions promoting mental health during academic period should be considered by health custodians in universities.

Background & Objectives: Domestic violence is one of the most controversial issues in recent decade which has attracted the attention of researchers and can negatively affect many aspects of women's health especially their emotional states. The purpose of this study was the comparison of the emotional states in women with and without domestic violence and evaluation of the emotional states role on predicting violence against women.Methods: The method was comparative and the study population included all women that referred to forensic medicine centre of Ardabil, Iran for violence in 2014. Ninety women (45 people for domestic violence group and 45 matched women from the city without violence) were selected by purposive sampling method. Data were collected with BRUMS Emotional States Questionnaire and analyzed using ANOVA and logistic regression on SPSS v.18.Results: The results showed that there were significant differences between women with and without violence regarding emotional states such as tension, depression, fatigue, confusion, peace and happiness (p<0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that 0.54-0.74% of the violence reception variance explained by women emotional states (p<0.001).Conclusion: These results indicated that we can do necessary actions such as stress and anxiety management training for high risk women after identification of them based on their emotional states in order to prevention and reduction of their bio-psychosocial problems.

Background & objective: Job stress has been assumed as the strongest cause of mental and physical health problems. There are various stressors in the work environment of the teachers. These factors can reduce the quality of teaching, and cause health issues among them. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental health with job stress in teachers.Methods: This was a descriptive study and consisted of all teachers who were teaching in Malekan city in 2012-2013 school years. Two hundred teachers (116 males and 84 females) selected via random sampling method. Data gathering tools were Bagulini's and colleagues' Job Stress, Siberya shring's Emotional Intelligence, and General Health (GHQ-28) Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using step-by-step regression in SPSS-16.Results: The results showed that the variables of emotional intelligence and mental health altogether explained 82% of variations in teachers' job stress. Also anxiety had the greatest role in this prediction and could explain 61% of the changes.Conclusions: This study indicated that components of emotional intelligence and mental health can significantly predict job stress among teachers. In order to promote job productivity in teachers, we recommend training the components of emotional intelligence and competence in the workplace also routine life.

Background & objectives: Anxiety is a mental disorder that can occur following rape. Diagnosis and treatment of this disorder will help victims. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anxiety among victims of rape referring to Isfahan province’s forensic medical center in 2015.Methods: This study was descriptive and the study population consisted of 93 randomly selected subjects were referred to Isfahan Forensic Medical Center from April to September 2015. Study tool included demographic data sheet and SCL-90 questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test, independent t-test and one way ANOVA were used in SPSS v.17 for data analysis.Results: The results showed a significant positive association between rape experience and anxiety (p<0.001). The prevalence of anxiety was high in people who have been sexually assaulted. Also, the results showed that 6.5% (6 people) of patients had mild (0-1), 81.7% (76 people) moderate (1-3) and 11.8% (11 people) severe (3-4) anxiety. Regarding 9 sub-indices of anxiety index, 51.6 % (48 people) of the subjects had too much experience in a perpetual state of fear. Some of the victims, 49.5 % (46 people) felt palpitation and 39.8% (37 people) had sudden and unknown fear, 29% (27 person) panic, 24.7% (23 person) impatience, 17.2 % (16 person) feeling of restlessness, 12.9% (12 person) nightmare and 4.3% (4 person) anxiety.Conclusion: The results showed that the majority of victims of sexual assault had mental disorders such as anxiety. Due to the increasing rate of sexual assults on women and the recognition of rape as a disruptive factor for mental health, strategies and resources should be allocated for the prevention of aggression and its adverse consequences such as anxiety and early diegnosis and treatment of this disease and other complications.

Background & objectives: A group of experts have named the stress as the common disease of the current century. Effect of stress on individuals’ health, depends on their ability to cope. Resiliency is a coping strategy which is useful in facing with stressful situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management skills on perceived stress and resilience of patients with multiple sclerosis.Methods: This is an experimental study with pretest-posttest design and the control group. A convenient sample including 45 patients from Kermanshah Multiple sclerosis Association (23 experimental group, 22 control group) was participated in the study. Data analysis was done descriptive statistics and Covariance in SPSS v.21.Results: According to the results, mean and standard division in pre-test for perceived stress was 29.78±7.17 and for resiliency was 60.47±20.38; and in the control group mean perceived stress was 32.54±6.18 and resiliency was 65.50±15.02 respectively which did not changed significantly at posttest. However, in post-test the mean and standard division decreased to 33.36±5.41 and for resiliency it increased to 67.13±13.61 (p<0.001). However the amount of F for perceived stress was 6.61 whereas for resiliency was 168.10. these are significant for both group (p<0.001).Conclusion: According to the effectiveness of stress management skills on perceived stress and resiliency, it can be considered as an effective solution to reduce perceived stress and increase resiliency and generally improve the mental state of multiple sclerosis patients.

Background & objectives: Dysthimia is a chronic, therapy-resistent disorder recongnized through a depressive mood in most days and hours. Dialectical behavior therapy is a practical treatment approachin for major depressive disorder. Dysthimia symptoms are like major depression but with longer duration and lower severity. So it is assumed that dialectical behavior therapy may be effective in dysthimia treatment. So the present study was done with the aim of determining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in treatment of dysthymia disorder.Methods: This research was an experimental study and used a pre-test/post-test design with control group. The study population were all the men and women of 20 to 50 years old who resided in Karaj in the year 2013 and had visited clinics and mental health centers with diagnosis of dysthymic disorder. Convenience sampling method was used to choose 75 people which randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. This sample decreased to 20 in each group because of drop out. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Beck's Depression inventory and DASS depression, anxiety, and stress scale were used for data gathering. The data were analyzed by multi-variant ANOVA using SPSS (v.16).Results: We found a significant difference between mean (F=3.337) and the total score of depression (F=3.95) between two groups. According to the data, dialectical behavior therapy led to treatment of depression.Conclusion: According to the findings dialectical behavior therapy is effective in treatment of the signs and symptoms of dysthymia and it can be used along with medicine and other cognitive therapies.

Background & objectives: One of the most important needs of neonates after birth is emotional relationship with their mothers. Preterm birth is a stressful event for mothers. With preterm birth, the mother s antenatal attachment to the neonate and preparation for the neonate s birth is interrupted. Therefore, it has been assumed that preterm birth is a risk factor for insufficient development of the mother-neonate attachment. The aim of this study was to assess mother- newborn s attachment and its related factors in mothers of preterm neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units in Tehran.Methods: It was a descriptive-analytic research. Through stratified sampling method, 463 mothers of preterm neonates were included in the study. Data was collected through demographic and maternal attachment questionnaire. The correlation between the attachment and demographic variables were assessed using SPSS v.19.Results: The mean of attachment score was 56.59%. There was significant relationship between neonate gender, desired pregnancy and desired neonate gender with attachment (p<0.05).Conclusion: Findings suggest that desired pregnancy can affect the maternal attachment.Nurses should improve maternal psychological condition before delivery and providing some facilities to decrease stress of mothers of preterm neonates and involve them in caring of their neonate which may have positive effect on maternal attachment.