Journal of Education and Community Health
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:8

Aims The role of self-efficacy in the life of individuals has been identified as an important factor in the emergence and maintenance of symptoms and health promotion behaviors. Therefore, considering that today mental health plays a fundamental role in the personality evolution, this study aimed to modeling the relationship between self-efficacy and the mediating of health promotion behaviors in students. Instruments and Methods This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 260 people, who were the students in the secondary level of middle school in Sari city in the period of 2017-18. The subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by Sherer self-efficacy scale, mental health scale, and Pender’ s health promotion behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 and Amos 23 software using the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. Findings There was a significant relationship between all variables of the research (p<0. 01). Based on investigating the indexes of the goodness of fit, the model has good fitness. Selfefficacy ways and health promotion behaviors have a direct and significant effect on the mental health, as well as, self-efficacy with mediating of health-promoting behaviors has an indirect and significant effect on the mental health (p<0. 05). Based on the final model, self-efficacy with mediating of health-promoting behaviors has an indirect effect on mental health (R2= 0. 06). Conclusion Self-efficacy directly and through the mediation of health promotion behaviors is effective on the mental health of students.

Aims Effective communication between primary healthcare workers and people is a critical skill for providing appropriate healthcare. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of educational intervention on communication skills and self-efficacy of primary healthcare workers (Behvarz). Materials and Methods This quasi-experimental study carried out between 104 people, who were the primary healthcare workers of health centers in Saveh and Zarandieh city in 2018. The primary healthcare workers of Saveh (60 people) were assigned to the test group and the primary healthcare workers of Zarandieh (44 people) were assigned to the control group. The test group received four 90 minute sessions training course on self-efficacy, and communication skills. Data were collected before the educational intervention and 2 months after the educational intervention by a questionnaire including demographic variables, selfefficacy, and a checklist of communication skills. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 software through Chi-square test, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test. Findings Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the self-efficacy and communication skills in the test and control groups before the educational intervention (p>0. 05). After the educational intervention, a significant difference was observed in the all areas of communication skills (starting the session and creating a relationship, data collection, paying attention to people’ s point of view who referred to the health center and providing information, mutual agreement and ending the session) and self-efficacy (p<0. 001). Also, the mean scores of self-efficacy and communication skills increased in the test group after the educational intervention (p<0. 001). Conclusion Educational intervention is effective on the improvement of communication skills and self-efficacy of primary healthcare workers.

Aims Considering the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency and exposure to risk in adolescent girls, the aim of the present study was to determine the predictors of iron supplementation in high school girls using health promotion model. Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 230 female students from high schools of Meybod city, Yazd province, Iran in 2017. The subjects were selected using classified random sampling method. Data were collected by the researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and health promotion model structures which was filled by self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through linear regression analysis and Spearman correlation test. Findings The mean of iron supplement consumption among 16 distributed supplements was 8. 44± 5. 19. The perceived self-efficacy and positive emotions had the strongest correlation with iron supplement consumption (p<0. 01). Totally, 19. 1% of the behavior variation was explained by perceived self-efficacy and barriers in which perceived self-efficacy was the strongest significant predictor of consumption of iron supplement (p<0. 001). Conclusion Increase of self-efficacy and decrease of perceived barriers can increase the iron supplement consumption by high school girls.

Aims Gratitude is one of the new constructs of the positive psychological approach. Based on the researches, gratitude has an effective role in mental health and the other positive psychological functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gratitude on mental health with the mediating role of positive and negative affect. Instruments & Methods The present research is a descriptive-correlational study through the structural equation model (SEM). The statistical population included all students of medical sciences university of Sabzevar in the academic year of 2017-18. The study was carried out on 242 students, who were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The research tools were gratitude questionnaire-6 (GQ-6), general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), positive affect and negative affect scale (PANAS). Evaluating the proposed model was conducted in Amos 24 and SPSS 24 software through the Pearson correlation coefficient, the structural equation model, and the bootstrap method. Findings There was a significant correlation between all variables of the research (p<0. 01). The model had a good fit with some modification. The gratitude had a direct effect on mental health, positive and negative affect (p<0. 05). Positive and negative affect had a direct effect on mental health (p<0. 05). In addition, gratitude, via the positive and negative affect, had an indirect effect on mental health (p<0. 05). Conclusion Gratitude, directly and indirectly, by increasing the positive affect and decreasing the negative affect, is associated with higher mental health.

Aims High blood pressure as a silent killer can endanger the health of the aged people. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of motivational interviewing based on the health belief model on hypertension, self-care, and quality of life of rural aged people. Materials and Methods This semi-experimental study without a control group, was carried out on 120 rural aged people over 60 years of age, who were covered by city health centers of Ramhormoz in 2017. The subjects were selected through the multistage random sampling method. The aged people participated in the motivational interviewing classes for 1 month each week, 2 sessions in 30-45 minutes. Data were collected using social support, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life questionnaires, before and after the educational intervention. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson and Filon’ s z test and path analysis through LISREL 8. 5 and SPSS 22 software. Findings After the educational intervention, the mean of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and the average scores of social support, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-care and quality of life was improved significantly (p<0. 001). Also, after the educational intervention, the variance of self-care and quality of life increased from %13 and %8 to %40 and %31, respectively. Conclusion Motivational interviewing has led to a better explanation of the health belief model in self-care and the quality of life by modifying the mental beliefs of aged people.

Aims Many information sources, including mass media, are trying to play an important role in health-promoting of people in society through increasing their health information. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of use of health information, presented in mass media and virtual social networks among citizens of Tehran. Instrument & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 1196 citizens of Tehran aged 18-65 years old in 2016. The subjects were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire after assessment of its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software, using appropriate descriptive statistical methods. Findings 1, 196 citizens of Tehran (581 women and 615 men) were studied in this research with a mean age of 37. 2± 13. 2 years old. The highest use of media health information was about television (about 81%), internet (about 64%) and the print media (about 58%). The use of health information in virtual social networks was about 56%. The use of health information of mass media and virtual social networks in the age group of 24 to 35 years old, married, the group with 13 years of education and workers were more than other groups. Conclusion The rate of use of television health information among citizens of Tehran is significant. Also, Internet search and social networking sites for health information should be taken into consideration by health care providers.

Introduction It can be expected that postmenopausal women are living longer than ever with the advances in medical science. Therefore, the health of women in the years after menopause is very important. The purpose of the present study was to determine the associated factors with the use of health services among postmenopausal women in Mashhad based on the theory of planned behavior and the role of health literacy. Instruments and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 245 postmenopausal women aged 45-56 years old in Mashhad in 2018. The subjects were selected by random cluster sampling method. The research tools were a demographic questionnaire, health literacy of adult and native-based questionnaire based on the planned behavior theory, which was completed through the interview. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 software, using Kruskal– Wallis test, linear regression method, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance. Findings Among the demographic features, the variables of income and level of education were effective in the health literacy of the postmenopausal women (p=0. 001). The health literacy of the target group was inadequate so that the mean of this variable was 54. 06± 20. 69 which is equivalent to the boundary level. The most effective structure that had the most predictive capability was the perceived behavioral control structure with the regression coefficient of 0. 6 for the behavior structure and 0. 11 for the behavioral intention structure. Conclusion The health literacy of the postmenopausal women is in the undesirable level and the perceived behavioral control construct is the most effective factor in the intent and behavior of the postmenopausal women.

Aims Due to the high sensitivity of pregnancy and the vulnerability of mothers during this period, their participation in clinical decisions is very important. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of individual counseling on the participation of pregnant mothers in decision making on the treatment process. Materials & Methods This clinical trial study was carried out on 190 pregnant women who referred to Kosar medical-education center in Qazvin in 2018. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (n=20 in each group). The intervention was conducted in one 60-minute individual counseling session for the experimental group. The research tool was shared decision-making questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software, through independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-squared test. Findings There was a significant difference between the mean scores of participation of thepregnant mothers before and after intervention in the experimental group (p<0. 001) but therewas no significant difference between the mean scores of the pregnant women involvementbefore and after intervention in the control group (p>0. 05). Also, before the intervention, comparison of the mean scores of the pregnant mothers’ involvement in decision makingbetween the two groups showed no significant difference but after the intervention, a significantdifference between two groups was observed (p<0. 001). Conclusion Individual counseling is an effective and appropriate intervention to increase theparticipation rate of pregnant mothers in decision making in the treatment process.