Journal of Education and Community Health
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:1(20) |Papers Count:8

Aims Pediculosis Capitis is one of the important health issues in students, which causes physical, social, and mental complications. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the preventive behaviors against head lice infestation among female primary school students at Eyvan, Iran in 2016. Materials & Methods The present study was a descriptive-analytic study performed on 157 female 4th and 5th grades primary school students, who were selected by cluster sampling in 2016. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed based on Health Belief Model (HBM) and its validity and reliability was confirmed. After completing questionnaires by students, the data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software, using independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and logistic regression analysis. Findings The 4th grade students had higher awareness (p=0. 001) and perceived severity(p=0. 003) than those of the 5th grade students. Also, the awareness of people with pediculosishistory was significantly higher than those, who did not have history of infection (p=0. 039). There was a significant correlation between self-efficacy and preventive behaviors againstpediculosis infection (p<0. 001; r=0. 499). Moreover, self-efficacy predicted 26. 4% of behavioralchanges (p<0. 001). Conclusion Self-efficacy of students have a significant role in adopting preventive behaviorsof head lice.

Aims Although the body of nursing mothers naturally produces milk, breastfeeding technique should be learned and it needs teaching. Regarding the education in successful lactation process, this search was performed with the aim of investigating the effect of teaching breastfeeding technique on breastfeeding position in primiparous women. Materials & Methods In this semi– experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group, which was conducted in 2016, 74 primiparous women referring to health centers in Hamadan were selected by multistage random cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. After completing demographic questionnaire for all samples, in days 3-5, 10, and 15 after childbirth, experimental group received teaching breastfeeding technique and control group received common educations and Bristol Breastfeeding Assessment Checklist in these days for sample was completed by researcher. The data were analyzed by 20 SPSS software, using independent t-test. Findings After the first stage of education, there was a significant difference between control and experimental groups in the sucking stage (p<0. 05). Also, there was a significant difference in sucking and swallowing stages (p<0. 05). In addition, total score of breastfeeding checklist showed significant difference in control and experimental groups in the first and second stages. Conclusion Teaching breastfeeding technique by standard tools in many steps and face to face can improve mothers’ breastfeeding.

Aims Low mobility is the 4th common cause of human death. The Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) is a health behavior change theory that describes the process of how people change their behavior. This study was conucted with the aim of investigating the determinants of Physical Activity (PA) behavior based on the TTM in 30-50-year-old individuals. Materials & Methods In this cross sectional descriptive-analytical study, 240 individuals aged 30-50 years old in Delijan, Iran were randomly selected based on family case records in comprehensive health centers. The data were collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire, which consisted of demographic information and questions related to the TTM structure. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Findings 78. 3% of the participants were in tht stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation of PA. The stages of change were the best predictor of PA (p<0. 001; β =0. 45), which could explain 29% of variance of PA. Also, self-efficacy (p<0. 001; β =0. 51) and change processes (p<0. 001; β =0. 26) predicted the stages of changes in PA and could explain 32% of variance of stages of changes in PA. Conclusion The stages of change, considering self-efficacy and change processes, are predictors of PA behaviors.

Aims One of the most important causes of nutritional problems is the discrepancy between the performance of individuals on the basis of knowledge and the lack of proper nutritional knowledge. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate effect of targeted educational program based on the transtheoretical model in promoting healthy nutrition behaviors in middle-aged women in Dehdez, Iran. Materials & Methods In this semi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with control group conducted in 2017, 108 middle-aged women referring to Dehdez health center were selected by random sampling and were randomly divided into the experimental (54 subjects) and control (54 subjects) groups. The data were collected, using a nutritional behavior questionnaire in accordance with a transtheoretical model. Educational intervention was performed based on the transtheoretical model within 3 sessions for the experimental group. After 2 months of follow-up, participants completed the research questionnaire again. The data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software, using t-test, Mann– Whitney U test, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon test. Findings After intervention, the mean scores of benefits and perceived self-efficacy and nutritional behavior in the experimental group was significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0. 05). The mean score of the perceived barriers in the experimental group after the intervention was reduced, but this change was not significant in comparison with the control group (p>0. 05). Conclusion Educational program based on the transtheoretical model is effective in promoting healthy nutrition behaviors in the middle-aged women in Dehdez, Iran.

Aims Breast cancer is currently one of the main causes of women’ s death in the world. Having a healthy lifestyle and performing screening tests has an effective role in reducing the mortality due to this disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of awareness and perceived self-efficacy of women of Neyshabur city on the preventive behaviors of breast cancer. Materials & Methods This cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 248 women aged 30-69 years old who referred to Neyshabur Health Services Centers. The subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire after assessment of its validity and reliability by a self-report method. Data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression method. Findings There was a significant positive correlation between the mean scores of awareness (r=0. 179; p=0. 005) and perceived self-efficacy of women (r=0. 211; p=0. 001) with the preventive behaviors of breast cancer. Totally, self-efficacy and awareness variables significantly predicted %67 of the breast cancer preventive behaviors (p<0. 05). Conclusion Increasing of women’ s perceived self-efficacy and awareness can be effective on promoting the prevention behaviors of breast cancer.

Aims Elderly people with low levels of health literacy, as one of the most at-risk groups, have some problems regarding the perception of information related to their health. This study was conducted with the aim of determining health literacy status in elderly population of Dorood, Iran. Materials & Methods This cross sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 220 elderly people referring to health centers in Dorood in 2017. The sampling method was first stratified random sampling. To collect information, the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) was used as self-report. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Findings The mean age of participants in this study was 66. 29 ± 7. 57 years. The results of this study showed that the mean of health literacy score in the subjects was56. 45± 19. 9 from 100 and the health literacy of 57. 2% of the elderly was insufficient. This study showed that there is a significant relationship between health literacy with age, education level and income (p<0. 05). Conclusion The health literacy of elderlies is low in Dorood and the level of inadequate health literacy is less common in people with older ages, lower education, and lower income levels.

Aims One of the most commonly diagnosed chronic diseases in the world is diabetes. Considering the prevalence of oral and dental problems in diabetic patients and importance of evaluating the behavior of patients based on behavioral models, the present study was conducted to survey the effective factors on the oral and dental health of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 based on the health belief model. Materials & Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 320 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, who referred to Kashan Diabetes Clinic in 2018, were selected by systematic random sampling method. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire including awareness, HBM model, and performance of patients in the field of oral and dental health behaviors. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Findings The mean scores of awareness (2. 26± 0. 31), the performance of oral and dental health behaviors (2. 31± 0. 55), perceived susceptibility (3. 36± 0. 69), perceived severity (4. 27± 0. 67), perceived benefit (2. 98± 0. 63), perceived barriers (4. 16± 0. 77), self-efficacy (3. 49± 0. 77), internal cues to action (3. 94± 0. 78) and external cues to action (3. 52± 0. 85) were obtained. In this study, awareness, perceived barriers and self-efficacy were the strongest predictors of oral and dental health behaviors that predicted 34% of behavior variance (p<0. 001). Conclusion Awareness, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers are predictors of oral and dental health behaviors.