This article seeks to address the threats against the Russia-Armenia strategic relations in the South Caucasus. In its relations with Russia, Armenia has invariably pursued a series of objectives such as lifting territorial blockade, shifting from political alienation, solving economic problems at the internal level, responding to social crises such as identity crisis, nation-state building crisis, and Karabakh crisis, and weakening the positions of Turkey and Azerbaijan. Russia is pursuing a balance-centric order based on hard balance in the current international system as well as against the United States of America. In the force balance system, as it is viewed by Russia, building an alliance with the peripheral countries is viewed as one of the main objectives in this country’ s regional policies. The results of the research showed that Russia tries to narrow the arena of presence in the South Caucasus for the Western countries, NATO and the rival neighbors in the region like Turkey by consolidating and strengthening its security influence in countries of the South Caucasus. Russia sets out to manage such gaps through activating border and ethnic gaps between the countries of the region in line with Russia's national interests. However, the relations between these two countries in the West Asia face security threats and limitations, which are addressed in this article. The theoretical framework in this research is "defensive realism", the research method is "analytical-descriptive", and the means used for collecting the data is "library" and "documentary".